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[German version] (Ἀμνίας; Amnías). River in  Paphlagonia (modern Gök Irmak), rises west of Kastamonu and flows into the  Halys east of Boyabat. The road from the Propontis to the Halys (Severan milestones) ran through its valley (Domanitis, Str. 12,3,40), the centre of the territory of  Pomp…

[German version] (Κίνωλις, also Κίναλις, Κιμωλίς; Kínōlis, Kínalis, Kimōlís). Small reloading point ( empórion) on the Paphlagonian Black Sea coast between  Abonutichus and  Sinope, a more exact location according to the periploi (Arr. Peripl. p. eux. 14; Peripl. m. eux. 21) and Ptol. 5,4,2; possibly the modern Ginolu. Marek, Christian (Zürich) Bibliography W. Ruge, s.v. Kimolis, RE 11, 435.

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre | Zenobia | Commerce | Asia Minor | Asia Minor | Lycii, Lycia | Oracles | Pompeius | Rome | Rome | Education / Culture (Πάταρα; Pátara). Port city in West Lycia (Lycii, Lycia) at the location of an old …

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[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Colonization (Τίος/ Tíos; original place name Τιεῖον/ Tieîon). City on the coast of the Black Sea (Pontos Euxeinos) in the territory of the Caucones [2] (Str. 12,3,5), to the east of modern Hisarönü, to the west of the mouth of the Billaeus (the river god on coins from T.), founded in the 7th cent. BC from Miletus [2]. T. came under the rule of Heraclea [7], in c. 300 BC became part of the synoikismós of Amastris [4], only to be liberated by Lysimachus [2] and entrusted to Eumenes, the elder brothe…

[German version] (Ἅλυς; Hálys). Longest river in Asia Minor (over 900 km), modern Kızıl İrmak (‘red river’). Its headstreams joining in the countryside of Kamisene (east of Sivas), the H. flows in a wide arc stretching to the south through Cappadocia; east of the Tuz Gölü (‘salt lake’) it turns to the north, touches Galatia (in more ancient times Phrygia) and breaks …

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[German version] (Κρῶμνα) Milesian   apoikía East of Sesamos (later  Amastris [4]) on the Paphlagonian Black Sea coast, modern Tekkeönü. C. claimed to be the birthplace of Homer (Ὅμηρος Κρομνεύς [1]). C. 300 BC C. was integrated into a …

(Παφλαγονία; Paphlagonía). [German version] I. Topography and population Region in the central section of northern Anatolia, area of settlement of the Paphlagónes. The oldest recorded country name for this part of Asia Minor is the Hittite Pala Palaic uruPalaumnili). In analogy with the proper name  Pylaemenes, according to Plin. HN 6,5 there was a country name Pylaemenia, which may be derived from the Palaic name of the country or people. The later language of the Paphlagones cannot be determined in detail from the few place and pe…

[German version] (Καλλίχορος; Kallíchoros). River in Bithynia between  Heraclea [7] Pontica and Tieion (Apoll. Rhod. 2,904; Plin. HN 6,1; Amm. Marc. 22,8,23); it was allegedly named after the orgies of Dionysu…

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[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Byzantium (Πομπηιόπολις/ Pompēiópolis ; also Πομπηιούπολις/ Pompēioúpolis: Strabo). Town in Paphlagonia, which Pompeius [I 3] founded in 64 BC in the fertile valley of the river Amnias on the important north Anatolian traffic route from the Propontis (Sea of Marmara) to Armenia (Str. 12,3,1; Cass. Dio 37,20,2). The location at present-day Taşköprü is confirmed through inscriptions and excava…

[German version] (Βιλλαῖος; Billaîos). One of the longest rivers in Asia Minor ( c. 330 km), rises in the Köroğlu Dağları in east Bithynia. Its course to the east, now Gerede Çay, leads to the vicinity of high Olgassys in Paphlagonia. Here it curves to the north-west and flows (now Soğanlı Suyu) through a narrow valley with a great many Paphlagonian rock graves, until it debouches near Karabük into a basin (probably the Potamia countryside: Str. 12,3,41) and receives the infl…

[German version] (Κάρουσσα; Károussa). Settlement on the Paphlagonian Black Sea coast east of  Sinope (Peripl. m. eux. 24; Scyl. 89; Plin. HN 6,7). Marek, Christian (Zürich) Bibliography W. Ruge, s.v. K., RE 10, 2244.

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[German version] (Κάραμβις; Kárambis, Lat. Carambis). Foothills on the Black Sea coast of Paphlagonia, modern Kerempe Burnu west of İnebolu (Apoll. Rhod. 2,361; Ps.-Scymn. 953; Lucian Toxaris 57; Str. 2,5,22; 7,4,3; 11,2,14; 12,3,10; Plin. HN 4,86) with a village of the same name (Eust. Comm. in Hom. Il. 1,570). The cape is directly opposite the  Criu Metopon, the southern tip of …

This item can be found on the following maps: Pontos Euxeinos | Caesar | Christianity | Xenophon | | Coloniae | Diadochi and Epigoni | Commerce | Hellenistic states | Hellenistic states | Colonization | Pilgrimage | Pompeius | Patricius | Education / Culture (Σινώπη/ Sinṓpē). [German version] I. Location, Early History City on the southern coast of the Black Sea (Pontos Euxeinos) with an excellent harbour, present-day Sinop, founded in the 7th cent. BC on the eastern edge of the cape that reaches far into the sea (the northernmost cape of Anatoli…

(Ἀμαστρις, Ἀμηστρις; Ámastris, Ámēstris). [German version] [1] Mother of Artaxerxes [1] (beginning of the 5th cent. BC) Daughter of one of the seven conspirators under  Darius. Mother of  Artaxerxes [1]. Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) [German version] [2] Daughter of Artaxerxes [2] (1st half of the 4th cent. BC) Daughter of  Artaxerxes [2], who promised her to  Tiribazus, but then married her himself. This motivated Tiribazus to incite  Darius to a conspiracy against the king. (Plut. Artax. 27 ff.). Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) [German version] [3] Queen of Heracleia (305-284 BC) Daughter of  Oxathres, niece of  Darius [3], fell with his children after the battle of  Issus under the power of   Alexander [4]. At the weddi…

[German version] I Greek (Παρθένιος; Parthénios). [German version] [I 1] Prolific writer from Nicaea or Myrlea, 1st cent. BC 1st cent. BC; from Nicaea or Myrlea; according to the Suda (π 664 = T 1 Lightfoot), our only source of biographical information (based on Hermippus of Berytus), P. may have been born in Myrlea and then moved to Nicaea (cf. [5. 9] with literature). Prolific writer, author of poems in a variety of metres. Captured by Cinna during a campaign against Mithridates [6] in 73 BC, but freed ' because of his education', P. is believed to have lived until the time of Empe…