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[German Version] 1. Andreas (Dec 14 or 19, 1496 or 1498, Gunzhausen – Oct 17, 1552, Königsberg [today Kaliningrad, Russia]), Reformer of Nuremberg (Nürnberg) and center of a violent controversy over his doctrine of justification. Osiander matriculated at Ingolstadt in 1515, where he learned Greek and Hebrew and was influenced by Human…

[German Version] (1494, Ulm – Sep 14, 1556, Tübingen). Frecht began studying in Heidelberg in 1514, was awarded the M.A. in 1517, the Lic.Theol. in c. 1529, and was reader ( Lektor) of Holy Scripture in Heidelberg from 1529 to 1531. Having participated in Luther's Heidelberg Disputation (II), he received an appointment as preacher i…

[German Version] (Dec 2, 1867, Runzenheim, Alsace – Nov 13, 1930, Tübingen), church historian. He was pastor in Lingolsheim, Alsace…

[German Version] (Dec 15, 1495, Heilbronn – Nov 1, 1558, Jena), began his studies in 1509 in Erfurt, then went to Heidelberg in 1511; after receiving his M.A. in 1513, he studied theology (Bacc.theol. 1518) and then law. It is likely that he was a participant in Luther’s Heidelberg disputation in 1518. In 1520 he was appointed to a position in Weinsberg but was expelled in 1522 for his Lutheran leanings. He was given refuge by Dietrich v. Gemmingen at Castle Guttenberg on the Neckar and in 1524 wa…

[German Version] , (Dec 4, 1495, Reutlingen – Dec 1, 1570, Blaubeuren), the reformer of Reutlingen. Alber began his studies in 1513 in Tübingen, where Melanchthon was lecturing, and went on to Freiburg i.Br. in 1520. In 1521, he began to preach in Reutlingen; from the outset he espoused church reform. Hostility from outside (investigations by the bishop of …

[German Version] (May 2 or 6, 1702, Göppingen – Feb 10, 1782, Murrhardt), son of a town clerk. Oetinger attended the monastic schools of Blaubeuren and Bebenhausen, then from 1722 to 1727 studied theology at Tübingen. From 1731 to 1738, with intervals of travel, he was a tutor at the Tübingen Stift (Tübing…

[German Version] (duke; May 12, 1515, Urach – Dec 28, 1568, Stuttgart). The vicissitudes of the rei…

[German Version] (Gretter; c. 1501, Gundelsheim/Neckar – Apr 21, 1557, Stuttgart). Gräter began studies in Heidelberg in 1520, receiving the Bacc. artium in 1522. Around 1523, he was a tutor in the household of Dietrich of Gemmingen in Schloss (Castle) Guttenberg/Neckar; in 1526/27, he was chaplain to Duke Ulrich of Württemberg in Montbéliard; from 1527 to 1533, schoolmaster in Heilbronn; in 1534, he took the M.A. at Heidelberg and became pastor in Herrenberg, and 1537/38 in Cannstatt (Stuttgart-B…

[German Version] 1. Peter (Tossanus; 1499, St. Laurent, Lorraine – Oct…

[German Version] (1483, Rottenacker, near Ehingen on the Danube – Jun 20, 1533, Ulm), studied in Tübingen and Freiburg im Breisgau, receiving his Lic.iur. from Tübingen in 1509. He became a preacher in Brackenheim, Württemberg, in 1513; in 1520 he was already in contact with Luther and J. Eberlin of Günzburg. Expelled from Brackenheim in 1524, he was called to the pulpit in Ulm by the council. An eloquent popular preacher, he succeeded in having the Reformati…

[German Version] I. Territory In the late 11th century, the castle name “Württemberg” (in the vicinity of Stuttgart-Rotenberg) was adopted by an aristocratic family that is first attested at this time.…

[German Version] (Baden-Württemberg), former Cistercian monastery (Cistercians), founded in 1138 at Eckenweiher (near Mühlacker) by Walter of Lomersheim, settled from Neuburg (Lower Alsace), and moved to the Salzach valley in 1147. Until 1504, it was administered by the Palatinate, then by Württemberg. In 1536, following the Reformation, it was closed, but it was resettled in 1548. In 1556, it was turned into a Protestant monastic school, but from 1630 to 1648 it became once more a Cistercian mona…

[English Version] Schnepf, Erhard (15.12.1495 Heilbronn – 1.11.1558 Jena), Studium seit 1509 in Erfurt, seit 1511 in Heidelberg; nach der Promotion zum M.A. 1513 Studium der Theol. (1518 Bacc. theol.), dann Studium der Jurisprudenz. Eine Teilnahme Sch.s an Luthers Heide…

[English Version] I. Territorium Nach der Burg W. (bei Stuttgart-Rotenberg) nannte sich eine am Ende des 11.Jh. erstmals bezeugte hochadlige Familie. Die Grafen von W. (seit 1495 Herzöge) begannen nach dem Ende der Staufer mit der Bildung eines Territoriums, das am Anfang des 16.Jh. seine bis zu den napoleonischen Umwälzungen gültige Gestalt gewonnen hatte. Durch die Säkularisation 1802/03 und die Mediatisierung 1805/06 entstand das Territorium des Königreichs W. (seit …

[English Version] Oetinger, Friedrich Christoph (2. oder 6.5.1702 Göppingen – 10.2.1782 Murrhardt). Der Sohn eines Stadtschreibers studierte nach dem Besuch der Klosterschulen Blaubeuren und Bebenhausen 1722–1727 Theol. in Tübingen und war 1731–1738, durch Reisen unterbrochen, Repetent am Tübinger Stift (Tübingen: II.). 1738 wurde er Pfarrer in Hirsau, 1743 in Schnaitheim, 1746 in Waldorf, 1752 Dekan in Weinsberg, 1759 in Herrenberg, 1766 Prälat in Murrhardt. O.s frühe Jahre sind mit zahlreichen Rei…

[English Version] Sam, Konrad (1483 Rottenacker bei Ehingen/Donau – 20.6.1533 Ulm). Studierte in Tübingen und Freiburg i.Br., 1509 in Tübingen zum Lic. iur. promoviert. Seit 1513 Prediger in Brackenheim, Württemberg stand er schon 1520 mit Luther und J. Eberlin von Günzburg in Verbindung. 1524 aus Brackenheim vertrieben, wurde er vom Rat in Ulm zum Prediger berufen. Dem wortgewaltigen Volksprediger S. gelang es, trotz zögernder Haltung des Magistrats, die Reformation durchzusetzen, die 1531 eingefü…

[English Version] 1.  Andreas (14. oder 19.12.1496 [1498?] Gunzenhausen – 17.10.1552 Königsberg), Reformator Nürnbergs und Auslöser des nach ihm benannten Streits über die Rechtfertigungslehre (Rechtfertigung). O. wurde 1515 in Ingolstadt immatrikuliert, erlernte Griechisch und Hebräisch und war vom Humanismus und bes. von J. Reuchlin und der Kabbala beeinflußt. 1520 zum Priester geweiht, wurde er im gleichen Jahr als Hebräischlehrer von den Nürnberger Augustiner-Eremiten angestellt. Spätestens hier…

[English Version] 1.  Peter (Tossanus), (1499 St. Laurent, Lothringen – 5.10.1573 Montbéliard), seit 1515 Kanonikus in Metz. Versuche, dort ev. z…