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(Πυθοδωρίς/ Pythodōrís). [German version] [1] P. Philometor Daughter of the Asiarch Pythodorus [4], wife of Polemon [4] I c. 12 BC (Π. Φιλομήτωρ/ P. Philomḗtōr). Daughter of the Asiarch Pythodorus [4] of Tralleis and Antonia [2]; after the divorce of Polemon [4] I from Dynamis, P. became his wife ( c. 12 BC). She had three children, of whom Zeno and Antonia [7] Tryphaena are known by name (IGR 4,144). When Polemon d. 8 BC, P. inherited his kingdom, thus becoming queen of Pontus, Colchis and the Regnum Bosporanum (Str. 12,3,29). When Dynamis ass…

(Σιτάλκης/ Sitálkēs). [German version] [1] King of Thrace, second half of the 5th cent. BC King of Thrace in the second half of the 5th cent. BC, son of Teres, the founder of the Odrysae kingdom, brother of Sparadocus. The Thracian-Scythian conflict with his nephew Octamasades was resolved by S. handing over Scyles. In 431 BC his brother-in-law Nymphodorus from Abdera mediated a treaty between S. and Athens and one between Perdiccas [2] and Athens (Thuc. 2,29; cf. Aristoph. Ach. 141-153; Diod. Sic. 12,50,3; St…

[German version] (Cersebleptes). Thracian king known to ancient authors as Κερσοβλέπτης ( Kersobléptēs, in inscriptions (e.g. Syll.3 195 = FdD III 1, 392) and on a vessel of the hoard find of Rogozen [1. 197 no. 15] Κερσεβλέπτης ( Kersebléptēs). His small bronze coins bear the legend ΚΕΡ ( KER). C. followed his father  Cotys [I 1] I, to power in 360 BC (Dem. Or. 23,163). He attempted to maintain Odrysian power on the  Chersonesus and, therefore, engaged in a permanent conflict with Athens that was marked by varying success. C. received active …

[German version] One of the Scythian kings of Scythia Minor (Dobrudža) in the late 3rd/2nd cents. who became known for the coins they apparently issued in Tomis, Callatis, Dionysopolis and Odessus. C. minted several types and nominals of bronze coins while being referred to as the king of the Scythians in a decree from Odessus (CIG 2, 2056; IGBulg I2, 41; Moretti, 124). Peter, Ulrike (Berlin) Bibliography K. Regling, Charaspes, in: Corolla Numismatica, 1906, 259-265 J. Youroukova, Nouvelles données sur la chronologie des rois scythes en Dobrudža, in: Thracia 4, 1977, 105-121.

(Σίμων/ Símōn). [German version] [1] Sculptor in bronze from Aegina, c. 480-460 BC Sculptor in bronze from Aegina. S. participated with a horse and a charioteer in the votive offerings dedicated by Phormis at Olympia; accordingly, his period of artistic activity is around 480-460 BC. The base which belonged to it has been identified. A dog and an archer by S. (Plin. HN 34,90) probably formed a further group. Neudecker, Richard (Rome) Bibliography Overbeck, nos. 402, 437  M. Zuppa, s.v. S. 2, EAA 7, 1966, 315  F. Eckstein, Anathemata, 1969, 43-49  E. Walter-Karydi, Die äginetische Bi…

(Ῥοιμητάλκης/ Rhoimētálkēs). Kings of Thrace (cf. stemma 22 in PIR2 P, vol. 6, p. 233; Thraci, Thracia). [German version] [1] R. I Roman vassal prince from 22 BC In 31 BC, he changed sides from Mark Antony (Antonius [II I 9]) to Octavian (Octavianus [1]) (Plut. Mor. 207a; Plut. Romulus 17,3). Around 22 BC, he succeeded his brother-in-law Cotys [I 6] as Roman vassal prince, taking guardianship of his son Rhascuporis [2]; in 19/8 BC, he assisted M. Lollius [II 1] against the Bessi (Cass. Dio 54,20,3), who succeeded in drivin…

(Name variations: Ῥασκύπορις/ Rhaskýporis, Ῥα(ι,η)σκούπορις/ Rha(i,ē)skoúporis, Ῥασκούπολις/ Rhaskoúpolis; Latin Rhascypolis, Rhascupolis, R(h)ascipolis, R(h)escuporis, Raescuporis). Kings of the Sapaei dynasty in Thrace (cf. stemma 8 in PIR2 R, vol. 7.1, p. 59). [German version] [1] R. I. Thracian king, fought for Pompey at Pharsalus in 48 BC He and his brother Rhascus succeeded their father Cotys [I 7] as rulers. In 48 BC R. fought at Pharsalus for Pompey [I 3] (Caes. B Civ. 3,4,3); however he was pardoned by Caesar due to the commendable…

(Ἀδαῖος; Adaîos). [German version] [1] Dynast in south-eastern Thrace, (middle of the 3rd cent. BC) Dynast in south-eastern Thrace, middle of the 3rd cent. BC, probably offspring of a Macedonian governor appointed by  Philip II. He minted several emissions of bronze coins. Probably identical to A., who reigned in Cypsela (Athen. 11,468 f.) and A., who was executed by  Ptolemaeus III (Pomp. Trog. prol. 27; SEG 34, 1984, 878). Peter, Ulrike (Berlin) Bibliography K. Buraselis, Das hell. Makedonien und die Ägäis, 1982, 122-123, 139. [German version] [2] Macedonian epigrammatist Maced…

(Ἀδάμας; Adámas). [German version] [1] Thracian (4th cent. BC) Thracian, who in the 370s BC seceded from Cotys (Aristot. Pol. 5,10,1311b). The identification with A. in IG XII 5,245 is doubtful (SEG 34, 1984, 856). Peter, Ulrike (Berlin) [German version] [2] River of India on the Gulf of Bengal A river of India on the Gulf of Bengal mentioned only in Ptol. 7,1,17; 41, identical with the current Subarna rekha. The name means ‘River of Diamonds’. Inland, to this day the diamond mines of Chota Nagpur are known. Renger, Johannes (Berlin)

(Ἑβρύζελμις; Hebrýzelmis). [German version] [1] King of the Odrysen, 4th cent. BC On coins ΕΒΡΥΤΕΛΜΙΟΣ or ΕΒΡΥ. King of the Odrysians in the 80s of the 4th cent. BC (IG II/III2 31; Syll.3 1,138; Tod 117) [1. 18]; perhaps a son of Seuthes II [4]. Some scholars identify H. with Ἀβροζέλμης ( Abrozélmēs), the interpreter of Seuthes II, who negotiated with Xenophon (An. 7,6,43) [5]. H. minted several types of bronze coins [2. 106-112]. Peter, Ulrike (Berlin) Bibliography 1 C. L. Lawton, Attic Document Reliefs, 1995 2 U. Peter, Die Münzen der thrakischen Dynasten, 1997 3 A. Höck, Der Odr…

[German version] (Διήγυλις; Diḗgylis, Val. Max. 9,2 ext. 4: Diogyris). King of the Thracian tribe of the Caeni and brother-in-law of the Bithynian king  Prusias II, whom he supported in the war against  Attalus [5] II of Pergamum (App. Mith. 6). He attacked Attalus' possessions on the Thracian Chersonesus and destroyed Lysimachea (Diod. Sic. 33,14,2-5) but was defeated by Attalus in 145-141 BC (Str. 13,4,2; Pomp. Trog. prol. 36; OGIS 330, 339 [1; 2]). Diodorus (33,14-15; 34,12) and Valerius Maximus (9,2 ext. 4) emphasize the cruelty of his reign and that of his son Zibelmius. Peter, Ulrik…

[German version] (Ἀβρούπολις; Abroupolis). Dynast of the Thracian Sapaioi east of the Nestus and north of Abdera; crossed the Macedonian border as far as Amphipolis in 179 BC, captured mines in Pangaeum, was repelled by  Perseus and driven from his country. The Roman request, in 172, for the restoration of its socius et amicus served as a pretence for the third Macedonian War (Syll.3 643; Pol. 22,18,2-3; Diod. Sic. 29,33; Liv. 42,13,5; 40,5; 41,10-11; App. Mac. 11; Paus. 7,10,6). Thracian name form Ἀβλουπορις ( Ablouporis) known from two inscriptions from 80 BC (Sherk, no. 20; …

(Σεύθης/ Seúthēs). [German version] [1] S. I. Odrysian king, son of Sparadocus, who in 424 BC inherited the kingdom from his uncle Sitalces [1] (Thuc. 2,101,5; 4,101,5) after the latter had ended the fight against Perdiccas [2] in 429 through S.' intervention. In the following, S. was married to Perdiccas' sister Stratonice [1] (Thuc. 2,101,6). Beginning in 410 under Maesades und Teres, partial principalities separated themselves from the Odrysian kingdom which had been quite powerful at S.' accession (Thuc. 2,97,3). S. was succeeded in c. 410/405 BC by Medocus [1. 119-121; 3. …

[German version] (Βαρσάβας; Barsábas). Sapaean dynast who was part of  Andriscus' campaign to Macedonia in the middle of the 2nd cent. BC (Diod. Sic. 32,15,7). Peter, Ulrike (Berlin) Bibliography Ch. M. Danov, Die Thraker auf dem Ostbalkan von der hell. Zeit bis zur Gründung Konstantinopels, ANRW II 7.1, 1979, 21-185.

[German version] (Δρομιχαίτης; Dromichaítēs; in Oros. 3,23,52 Dori or Doricetis). Ruler of the Getae at the end of the 4th/beginning of the 3rd cent. BC. Bitter political rival of  Lysimachus, who undertook two campaigns against D. probably in 297 and between 293-291 (chronology disputed); D. captured Lysimachus' son Agathocles [5] and then Lysimachus himself but released them both, in exchange for their withdrawal from conquered territories north of the Ister and for the pledge of marriage between…

[German version] (Ὄλορος; Óloros). King of Thrace in the 2nd half of the 6th century BC, mentioned by Herodotus (6,39,2; 6,41,2) and Plutarch (Cimon 4,1); his daughter Hegesipyle married Miltiades [2]. O. probably ruled the Thracian Chersonesus [1]; the extension of his territory is controversial. Peter, Ulrike (Berlin) Bibliography Z.H. Archibald, The Odrysian Kingdom of Thrace, 1998, 80, 113-114.

(Σαδάλας; Sadálas). [German version] [1] King of the Odrysae, 87/86-80/79 BC King of the Odrysae in 87/86-80/79 BC, successor of Cotys [I 4]. Sadalas supported Cornelius [I 90] Sulla against Mithradates [6] VI at Chaeronea (Cic. Verr. 2,1,63; [1. 258; 318; 337; 2. 114; 3]). Peter, Ulrike (Berlin) [German version] [2] King of the Odrysae, 45/44-42 BC Grandson of Sadalas [1], king of the Odrysae in 45/44-42 BC, who supported Pompeius [I 3] the Great at Pharsalus by order of his father Cotys [I 5] (Caes. B Civ. 3,4,3); Sadalas is attributed with the …

(Ἀμάδοκος; Amádokos, on coins ΑΜΑΤΟΚΟΣ; AMATOKOS). [German version] [1] see Medocus The elder A. named by Isocrates (or. 5,6) is known as  Medocus (see there), Metocus, Amedocus, Amadocus. Peter, Ulrike (Berlin) [German version] [2] Odrysian ruler (after 358 AD) Odrysian ruler, one of the successors of  Cotys I, who in 358 BC received the middle part of the kingdom (IG II/III2 126; Dem. Or. 23,8; 170; 173 [1. 303]). His brothers-in-law, Simon and Bianor, honorary citizen of Athens, helped A. after 354 in conflict with  Cersebleptes as mercenary commander…

[German version] (Μαισάδης; Maisádēs). Odrysian prince who at the end of the 4th cent. BC, under the supreme rule of Seuthes I, reigned over the regions of the Melandites, Thynians and Tranipsians, the so-called Thracian delta. After his death his son Seuthes II was brought up by Medocus (Xen. An. 7,2,32; 7,5,1). Odrysae Peter, Ulrike (Berlin)

[English version] (Καύαρος). Letzter König des Keltenreiches im östl. Thrakien mit der Hauptstadt Tyle im ausgehenden 3. Jh.v.Chr. (Pol. 4,46,4). Die zahlreichen Funde seiner - in mehreren Nominalen und Typen emittierten - Bronzemz. führten in der jüngeren Forsch. zur erneuten Diskussion über die Lokalisierung und den Charakter seines Reiches [1. 7-15; 2]. Die Silbermz. des K. wurden in Kabyle geprägt [3]. Polybios lobt K.' Verdienste: K. sicherte die Handelsschiffahrt in das Schwarze Meer, unters…