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[German version] Ruler of Caere, eponym of a gens Mezentie(s) living there, as attested by the inscription of a Laucie Mezentie(s) from Caere in the second quarter of the 7th century BC [1]. As king of the Etruscans (Liv. 1,2,3; Dion. Hal. Ant. 1,64,4; InscrIt 13,2,130f.), or ruler or king of Caere (e.g. Liv. 1,2,3…

[German version] also Tar χ unies (ET Vc 7.33; Cl 1.1060); Tar χ unus (ET AT p.11). Legendary son (Cato in Serv. Aen. 10,179) or brother (Serv. Aen. 10,198) of Tyrrhenus, or son of Telephus (Lycoph. 1246 f.). The form T. derives from the name of the city of Tarquini…

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(Tusci), the Etruscans. I. History [German version] A. Name A people in Italy who, between the 9th and 1st cents. BC, created the highest form of civilization in the Western Mediterranean before Roman civilization prevailed over the same territory. Various popular names were applied to the E.: …

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[German version] God at the centre of the Etruscan pantheon [1. 294 f.]. The name (several variants are attested) is derived from the Indo-European root diie- ('bright day') [2. 216 f.]. Identification with the Greek Zeus is epigraphically recorded. Like Zeus/Iuppiter, T. has as attributes a thunderbolt and a sceptre [3. 66, 82]. In scenes from Greek myths, the Greek iconography of Zeus as an older bearded god is maintained [1. 294 f.]; alongside this, there is also an iconography of T. or of Zeus [4. 233] as a youthf…

[German version] Etruscan god, recorded inscriptionally with the abbreviated name …

[German version] In addition to the most often substantiated form H., Hercles, Heracle, Hercele, Herchle and Herkle…

(Ταρχέτιος/ Tarchétios). [German version] [1] Eponym of Tarquinii Eponym of the city of Tarquinii and name of Tarquinius, hailing from there. The root tarch- is well attested for people (Latin Tarquinius , Greek T.) and place names (Etruscan Tarchna ) and belongs to the original core of the Etruscan language; the etymology is unknown. Aigner-Foresti, Luciana (Vienna) [German version] [2] Name of a mythical king of Alba Longa Name of a legendary king of Alba Longa (Promathion in Plut. Romulus 2): he is toppled from his throne by his grandsons, twin bro…

[German version] (also Fuflunz, Fuflunsl, Fuflunsul, Fuflunus). The name of the god F. is attested from the beginning of the 5th cent. BC in inscriptions [1. vol. 1, 187]. It is not certain whether he is of Etruscan origin [4. 94ff.] or whether he belongs to the Umbrian substratum of Etruscan [2]; a mirror from Orvie…

[German version] (Variants: Maxtarna, Macstrna). Mythical or historical Etruscan of unknown origin. Friend of and fellow-warrior to the relatives or legendary ancestors of the gens Vipina/ Vibenna in Vulci. He came to Rome and became king under the new name of Servius Tullius. The Etruscan word m acstrna is supposed to be the equivalent of …

[German version] Legendary Etruscan cultural hero, son of Genius and grandson of Iuppiter (Fest. 359; Commenta Bernensia on Luc. 1,636) or of Hermes Chthonius (Procl. in Lyd. de ostentis 3). According to Etruscan tradition, he had the appearance of a child combined with the wisdom of old age…

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[German version] Etruscan god, eponym of Mantua, but not attested under this name in Etruscan sources. According to Servius and Schol. Veronense (on Verg. Aen. 10,198-200) M. is the Etruscan name of the Rom. god of the underworld Dis Pater, corresponding to the Greek Hades. Tarchon is said to have consecrated the Etruscan city of Mantua to him, and named it after him. As with Hades, there was no cult attached to M. Perhaps M.was regarded as god of the Underworld in Etruria too, if he is to be identified with the Etruscan …

[German version] (Τυρρηνός/ Tyrrhēnós, also Τυρσηνός/ Tyrsēnós, Lat. Turrenus). Legendary son of the Lydian king Atys [1] (Hdt. 1,94; Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 1,27,2;  Str. 5,2,2), of Telephus [1] (Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 1,28,1; Serv. Aen. 8,479) or of Heracles [1] (Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 1,28,1; Paus. 2,21,3). Driven by a famine, T. allegedly led half of the Lydian people to Italy, where the Lydians named themselves Tyrrhenians after him (Hdt. 1,94: Τυρσηνοί/ Tyrsēnoí). The roots of T. as a cultural figure probably go back to Greek Asia minor, as indicated by Tyrrhenian settlements in the Aegean [1; 2]. Additionally, an Italic tradition refers to T. as a cultural hero (Pau…