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Während der Karolingerzeit wurde über dem Grab des heiligen Victor eine Klerikergemeinschaft gegründet. Das am linken Ufer des unteren Niederrheins gelegene Stift war wegen seiner Reliquienschätze Ziel zahlreicher Wallfahrer, es spielte auch in der Pfarrorganisation des Kölner Erzbistums eine wichtige Rolle: der Probst von X. war Archidiakon für fünf niederrheinische Dekanate. Eine gewiß schon vorhandene Bibl. dürfte 1109 zus. mit dem Stiftsarchiv durch einen Brand vernichtet worden sein. Seit 1…

Xanten: Hep-Hep-Krawalle, 3.31; Ritualmord, 5.240

Dutch priest. Born in Venlo; died in Xanten, 23 March 1588. Belonging to a prominent Venlo-family and a good orator, he was appointed by Johan, Duke of Cleves, priest at Xanten in 1562. As such he led, at the beginning, the religious services in the spirit of the mitigated reform as advocated by the Dukes of Cleves, but, personally more inclined to the Old Faith, he finally (c. 1570 ?) submitted to the Catholic Church. Canon at the church of Xanten in 1571. Author of some religious treatises, published at Antwerp and Cologne. Cf. Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek, 9, 1933, Columns …

* 27. 3. 1828 in Xanten, ✝ 16. 10. 1892 in Berlin-Charlottenburg, dt. Maler und Zeichner, Schlachtenmaler, Schüler von Wilhelm Schadow und Th. Hildebrand in Düsseldorf. B. nahm am dt.-dänischen Krieg 1849, den Kriegen 1866 und 1870–1871 teil und verarbeitete seine Erlebnisse in Gemälden, von denen er später Reproduktionen in Lithographie herstellte. Er zeichnete auch für zeitgenössische militärisch-nationale Werke. H. Wendland Bibliography Thieme-Becker Bd. 4, S. 110; Reclams Künstler Lexikon. Stuttgart 1979, S. 85.

(So-called Annals of Xanten) 790-874. Germany. Latin monastic annals, probably written in the province of Cologne. Pertz called them Annales Xantenses on the grounds that the author describes devastation of the Abbey of Xanten, which he witnessed, but the exact place of origin is not known. Löwe suggests the the first part was written by Gerward, a royal librarian connected to monasteries at Lorsch and Ghent (fl. 845-60), while the author of the latter part was associated with Cologne. The Annales relate principal events in the Carolingian empire for the period 790-873. The…

[Arnoldus Heymerici de Clivis] pre-1424 - 30th July 1491. Northern Germany. Born the son of a reputable Cleve family, Heymerick attended school in Deventer, Zwolle, and Zutphen, though an indication that he studied in Cologne more likely refers to his step-brother. In 1435-7 he participated in the Council of Basel. During the 1440s and 50s he served the curia in Rome and Basel in several posts. In 1456 he became Dean of St. Victor in Xanten and kept company with intellectual circles of the Cleve court, including Gert van der Schüren.From the 1460s on, Heymerick developed fruitful wri…

X; Zahlen X, Y, Z Xanten Xenien-Almanach: Musenalmanach Xenondampflampen: Ultraviolettes Licht XENOS Verlagsgesellschaft: Verlagsgruppe Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung GmbH Xerographie; Carlson, Chester F.; Direkte Druckverfahren; Druckverfahren; Elektrofotografische Aufzeichnung; Trockenkopierverfahren; Xerokopie Xerographiepapier; Xerographie Xerokopie; Kopierdruck; Optoelektronik Xerox Corporation; Ann Arbor; Elektrofotografische Aufzeichnung; Elektrografische Aufzeichnung; Mikroformen; Printing on Demand; Publishers’ Weekly; T…

Netherlandish humanist. Son of Hendrik Wynkens (= Winandus) and of Gese Pigge (= Pighius). It was the latter name he finally adopted. Kampen, 1520 - Xanten, 19 October 1604. Studied at the University of Louvain. From 1548 until 1555 in Italy. On his return he became librarian and secretary to Cardinal Granvelle in Brussels (till 1571). In 1571 he accompanied Charles of Cleves to Italy, where the young prince died in February 1575. Appointed by the Duke of Cleves canon at St. Victor in Xanten, he resided in this city from 31 August 1575 until his death. Cf. Biographie Nationale [de Belgique], 17…

ist als Drucker in Köln 1520–1542 nachweisbar. Er war als Lohndrücker für Eucharius Cervicornus, Peter Quentel und Gottfried Hittorp tätig, druckte aber auch auf eigene Rechnung. Er brachte vor allem theologische Lit. heraus (insgesamt ca. 100 Titel bekannt). Zeitweise scheint er der neuen Lehre angehangen zu haben, wie u. a. aus den von ihm besorgten niederdt. bzw. niederl. Ausg. von Luthers Ubers, des NT geschlossen werden kann. Er führte vier Fassungen eines Signets mit seiner Handelsmarke. V…

[Egmundenses] (Annals of Egmond) 12th century. Low Countries. Annalistic history in Latin prose from 640 until 1207 by various anonymous authors from the Benedictine Abbey of Egmont in North Holland.The subject matter is the history of the world, concentrated mostly on the Frankish realm and the counts of Holland. Incorporated into it are the Annales qui dicuntur Xantenses (790-874), and a Dutch version of the Lives of Thomas Becket. The first part of the text, written ca 1120 by author/scribe C, consists mostly of dry extracts of the chronicles of Regino of Prüm (ca 910) and Sigebert …

ca 1411-90. Germany. Author of a ducal chronicle in Low German. Born the son of the Xanten monastery's reeve ( Stiftsvogt) Johann, Gert came in contact with the court of Cleves at an early age through his uncle and mentor Arnold Heymerick. He became imperial notary in 1440 and ducal secretary ca 1447. He is famous for his Teuthonista, a dictionary of his home region's Low German vernacular.His Clevische Chronik covers the history of the House of Mark (after 1368 Kleve-Mark) through the reign of Johann I and breaks off in 1451. It was later con­tinued through the early 17th century by Johann Turc…

Record ID cp012744 Voet reference number 2054 Museum Plantin-Moretus Author Stephanus Winandus PIGHIUS Title page transcription HERCVLES ‖ PRODICIVS, ‖ SEV ‖ PRINCIPIS IVVENTVTIS ‖ VITA ET PEREGRINATIO: ‖ Per ‖ STEPHANVM VINANDVM ‖ PIGHIVM CAMPENSEM. ‖ Historia Principis adolescentis institutrix; & anti- ‖ quitatum, rerum'que scitu dignarum varietate ‖ non minus vtilis quàm iucunda. ‖ Accedit rerum, & vocum memorabilium ‖ index accuratissimus. ‖ ⊕ 34 ‖ ANTVERPIÆ, ‖ Ex Officina Christophori Plantini, ‖ Architypographi Regij. ‖ M.D.LXXXVII. Collation 8⁰ [136]: A-Z⁸, a-t⁸, v⁴;…

Record ID cp012869 Voet reference number 1501 Museum Plantin-Moretus c:lvd:1114890 Author Henricus KYSPENNINGIUS (KYSPENNING) Title page transcription greek:AQVÆ VITÆ, ‖ greek:DE FONTIBVS ‖ greek:SALVATORIS. ‖ hoc est, ‖ DOCTRINA EVANGELICA ‖ DE MEDITATIONE MORTIS: ‖ Complectens Admonitiones & Exhortationes plurimas, ‖ Consolationes item veras ac solidas, ad eos iuuandos, qui ‖ piè & Christianè in Domino viuere, & mori cupiunt: ‖ Ex S. Scripturæ fluentis, & deriuatis inde tanquam riuu- ‖ lis, orthodoxorum Patrum Commentarijs hausta: ‖ Et LIBRIS SEPTEM comprehensa. ‖ Addita es…

The spectrum of medieval ball games is immense; they were played at court, in towns, cities, and the countryside, in indoor courts, cloisters, or nurseries. A few games like polo, which was prized at …

Der Prämonstratenserorden (OPraem) gehört entsprechend der offiziellen Bezeichnung seiner Mitglieder als «Canonici Reguläres Ordinis Praemonstratensis» zu den Regularkanonikerge meinschaften. Unter diesen stellte er freilich während des größten Zeitraums seiner Gesch. die den Mönchsorden ähnlichste Religiosenvereinigung dar. Obwohl herkömmlich von einem eigentlichen Gründer, dem hl. Norbert von Xanten († 1134) — daher die in einigen Ländern übliche Bezeichnung Norbertinerorden — ausgegangen und …

Record ID cp012919 Voet reference number 2295 Museum Plantin-Moretus c:lvd:962466 Author Publius TERENTIUS AFER Title page transcription [Within woodcut-compartment:] † ANNOTATIONES □ M. ANTONII ‖ MVRETI, ‖ ET FRAN- ‖ CISCI Fabricij Marco- ‖ durani, in sex Terentij ‖ Comœdias. ‖ IN QVIBVS ET VERA ‖ lectio ratione subiecta consti- ‖ tuitur, & multa interpretatio- ‖ ne explicantur. ‖ VARIAE lectiones siue emenda- ‖ tiones potius, è veteribus exem- ‖ plaribus Theodori Pulmanni ‖ ANTVERPIAE, ‖ Ex officina Christoph. Plantini. ‖ ANNO M.D.LXV. ‡ CVM PRIVILEGIO. Collation 16mo [92]: a-i⁸…

Record ID cp010162 Voet reference number 2411 Museum Plantin-Moretus Author VALERIUS MAXIMUS Title page transcription VALERII MAXIMI ‖ DICTORVM FACTORVM'QVE ‖ MEMORABILIVM ‖ LIBRI IX. ‖ Infinitis mendis ex veterum exemplarium fide repur- ‖ gati, atque in meliorem ordinem restituti per ‖ STEPHANVM PIGHIVM Campensem. ‖ Accedunt in fine eiusdem annotationes in ‖ loca plusquàm DCCC. ‖ ITEM ‖ HAC ALTERA RECOGNITIONE ‖ fragmentum de Prænominibus antiquū incerti auctoris, ‖ quod decimi libri locum in multis exemplaribus occupat. ‖ ⊕ 20 ‖ ANTVERPIÆ ‖ Ex officina Christophori Pla…

1. AllgemeinMitteleurop. S. waren in ihrer Mehrzahl ein ma. Phänomen [3]; ihre Hochphase lag zwischen 1150 und 1250. Weitere Städte entstanden noch bis zur Mitte des 15. Jh.s, die jedoch meist klein und wirtschaftlich wenig bedeutend blieben. Danach sollte die Zahl der S. erst im Kontext der Industrialisierung des 19. Jh.s nach 1850 wieder deutlich ansteigen, nun aber unter ganz anderen Bedingungen, insbes. hinsichtlich des Rechtsstatus. Dass in der Forschung die Zeit von der Mitte des 15. Jh.s bis zum beginnenden…

Part of Poverty: 1. Christian Poverty 2. Medieval Movements Many currents in a complex and many-sided movement for renewal, of the Church in the 12th, 13th and 14th centuries were stimulated and shaped by the ideal of evangelical poverty. The Church – not only or even mainly the hierarchy – was attempting to do justice to the contemporary situation, to find a form for itself that would both accord with its tradition and be appropriate to the times. The original concern of the reform movement was to establish the “liberty of the Church”, to free it from lay control as embo…

A. Introduction Ivory carving is the craft of creating objects and mechanisms from animal tooth materials, specifically elephant dentine from the front upper tusks of the Asian and African elephants, which are rooted in oval bone recesses in the upper jaw. African and Asian ivories were both traded and worked in Byzantium, but African was preferred, since the Asian elephant has smaller tusks and the female only has embryonic tusks (‘tushes’), which are of limited value in manufacturing. Ivory has long been high…