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Licinius

(11,186 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Nadig, Peter C. (Duisburg) | Frigo, Thomas (Bonn) | Müller, Christian (Bochum) | Walde, Christine (Basle) | Et al.
Name of probably the most important Roman plebeian family. The similarity to the Etruscan name lecne and the links between the gens and Etruria in historical times (L. [I 7]) suggest an origin in that region [1. 108, n. 3]; the name may, however, also be of Latin origin ( Licinus). The spelling with a double ‘n’ occurs not only in the Greek form Λικίννιος ( Likínnios), but also in Latin inscriptions [1. 108, n. 1]. In the annalistic historical records dealing with the early Republic, members of the family appear among the earliest people's tribunes, reaching their polit…

Ariovistus

(676 words)

Author(s): Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)
[German version] King of a Germanic people. Plin. HN 2,170 calls him (without explicitly mentioning the name A.) rex Sueborum, Mela 3,45 rex Botorum (= Nep. F 29), Caes. B. Gall. 1,31,10 and Front. Strat. 2,1,16 rex Germanorum and Liv. per. 104 dux. The Roman terms are imprecise (the term Suebi was only a collective designation for Germanic tribes on the right Rhine bank, the Boti are unknown), maybe A. was a ruler of the Triboci, who lived in Alsace and the Palatinate [2. 510: Tribocorum instead of Botorum]. Our knowledge depends almos…

Ateius

(581 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Kaster, Robert A. (Princeton) | Giaro, Tomasz (Frankfurt/Main)
Italic proper name [1. 347, 426], traceable in the public life of Rome since the 1st cent. BC, not very common. [German version] [1] A. Legate of M. Antonius in Gaul, 41/40 BC Legate (?) of M.  Antonius in Gallia in 41/40 BC (MRR 3,26). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] A., M. Centurio during the storming of Athens in 86 BC centurio, distinguished himself during the storming of Athens in 86 BC (Plut. Sull. 14,3). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Schulze. [German version] [3] A. Capito, C. Tribunus plebis 55 BC Fought as tribunus plebis from 55 BC together with…

Caninius

(427 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)
Plebeian family name, attested from the 2nd cent. BC. (Schulze, 144; ThlL, Onom. 137f.). [German version] [1] C. Gallus, L. People's tribune 56 BC People's tribune 56 BC; he sought, without success, the reinstatement of Ptolemy Auletes in Egypt (MRR 2,209). In 56 BC, he was defended by Cicero (Fam. 7,1,4), in 51 BC in Athens frequently in his company, and visited him in Rome in 46 BC. He died in 44 BC. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] C. Gallus, L. Consul in 37 BC Son of C. [1], consul of 37 BC with M. Vipsanius  Agrippa (MRR 2,395; PIR 22 C 389). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) …

Androsthenes

(244 words)

Author(s): Günther, Linda-Marie (Munich) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Gärtner, Hans Armin (Heidelberg)
[German version] [1] See > Olympionikai see  Olympionikai Günther, Linda-Marie (Munich) [German version] [2] Commander of  Philippus V in the second Macedonian War Commander of  Philippus V in the second Macedonian War, held Corinth despite being defeated in Nemea by the Achaeans under  Nicostratus (Liv. 33,14,1; 15). Günther, Linda-Marie (Munich) [German version] [3] General of the Thessalian League (middle of the 1st cent. BC) General of the Thessalian League ( praetor Thessaliae); after Caesar's defeat at Dyrrhachium, he joined  Pompeius and attempted to defend …

Menedemus

(1,406 words)

Author(s): Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) | Meister, Klaus (Berlin) | Ameling, Walter (Jena) | Stanzel, Karl-Heinz (Tübingen) | Döring, Klaus (Bamberg) | Et al.
(Μενέδημος; Menédēmos). [German version] [1] Functionary of Alexander the Great, 329 BC sent by Alexander [4] the Great in 329 BC, with a 1500-strong mercenary infantry, Caranus with 800 mounted mercenaries and Andromachus with 60 hetairoi, to relieve the fortress of Maracanda, which was under siege by Spitamenes. Pharnuches, a Lycian (but certainly descended from Persian settlers) interpreter, was provided to them as he was familiar with the inhabitants and their language (Arr. An. 4,3,7). Through the inco…

Thucydides

(2,974 words)

Author(s): Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | S.HO.
(Θουκυδίδης/ Thoukydídēs). [German version] [1] Son-in-law of Cimon [2], 5th cent. BC Son of Melesias, son-in-law of Cimon [2] (Schol. Aristid. 46), Athenian politician from the Alopece deme. Represented the oligarchs from the mid-450s, at least from 449. Plutarch made him the embodiment of the political forces opposing Pericles [1] (Plut. Pericles 6,2 f.; 8,5; 11; 14; Fab. Max. 30,2). T. attacked Athenian building policies, because, being linked with a social welfare and employment programme, they strength…

Pompeius

(8,348 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Zimmermann, Bernhard (Freiburg) | Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) | Eck, Werner (Cologne) | Et al.
Name of a Plebeian family (connection with the Campanian city of Pompeii is unclear). The family acquired political significance with P. [I 1]; he is the origin of the Rufi branch. With P. [I 8] a related branch attained consulship and with his son Cn. P. [I 3] Magnus supplied the most significant member of the gens. Both lineages continue until the early Imperial period (family trees: [1; 2; 3]). I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] P., Q. Consul 141 BC A homo novus and popular orator (Cic. Brut. 96), he became consul in 141 BC, despite resistance from the nobility a…

Lollius

(1,733 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Kierdorf, Wilhelm (Cologne) | Eck, Werner (Cologne)
Name of a Roman plebeian family. Bearers of the name, recorded from the 3rd cent. BC, not of urban Roman origin, emerged as business people from the 2nd cent. (ILLRP 723b; 747; 1025) and received Roman citizenship perhaps only after the Social War [3]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] L., L. Proscribed in 82 BC Read his name on one of Sulla's lists of proscribed persons in 82 BC and was thereupon immediately killed on leaving the Forum (Oros. 5,21,4f.). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] L., L. Pompey's legate against the pirates in 67 BC Pompey'…

Demetrius

(7,578 words)

Author(s): Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) | Schütrumpf, Eckart E. (Boulder, CO) | Günther, Linda-Marie (Munich) | Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) | Et al.
(Δημήτριος; Dēmḗtrios). Well-known personalities: the Macedonian King D. [2] Poliorketes; the politician and writer D. [4] of Phalerum; the Jewish-Hellenistic chronographer D. [29]. I. Politically active personalities [German version] [1] Officer under Alexander the Great Officer under Alexander [4], fought at Gaugamela as commander of a troop ( ile) of  Hetairoi and in India he commanded a hipparchy. Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) Bibliography Berve 2, no. 256. [German version] [2] D. Poliorketes Son of  Antigonus [1], born 337/6 BC (Diod. Sic. 19,96,1). In 320 he m…

Tolmides

(118 words)

Author(s): Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)
[German version] (Τολμίδης/ Tolmídēs). Son of Tolmaeus, Athenian stratēgós in the years 457-455, 452, 451, 448 and 447 BC [1. 75 ff.]. After the murder of Ephialtes [2], in the 450s T. became the most important democratic politician and exponent of an aggressive naval league policy (Delian League). T.' often assumed political independence from Pericles [1] is an anachronism (cf. Plut. Pericles 16,3). In 456/5, T. commanded a successful naval operation against the Peloponnese (Thuc. 1,108), in 447 he settled Attic klēroûchoi on Euboea, Naxos and probably …

Caecina

(1,087 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Eck, Werner (Cologne) | Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)
Roman family name of Etruscan origin ( Ceicna, Schulze, 75, 285, 567; ThlL, Onom. 15f.), whose bearers belonged to the city aristocracy of Volaterrae (cf. Cic. Fam. 6,6,9), where the family is attested in several branches and partly through richly adorned graves. (CIE 18-24; 36-42 et al.). The lineage appeared in Rome from the 1st cent. BC, but never lost its links with its homeland (cognomen Tuscus in C. [II 9]); villa of the Roman city prefect of AD 414, Caecina Decius Atinatius Albinus, (PLRE 1, 50)…

Dracontides

(167 words)

Author(s): Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Schmitz, Winfried (Bielefeld)
(Δρακοντίδης; Drakontídēs). [German version] [1] Athenian, commander in the Peloponnesian War Athenian, son of Leogoras from the deme Thorae; in 446/5 BC epistátēs, in 433/2 stratēgós and in that capacity one of the commanders of a relief fleet for Cercyra in the autumn of 433 (cf. Thuc. 1,51,4; on the corruption of the text at that point see [1. 95]). D. was a bitter opponent of Pericles and in 430 aided in his removal (Plut. Pericles 32,3) [2]. Davies 4551. Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) Bibliography 1 S. Hornblower, Commentary 1, 1991 2 F. J. Frost, Pericles and Dracontides, in: JHS 84, …

Acilius

(1,410 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Kierdorf, Wilhelm (Cologne) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Eck, Werner (Cologne)
Gentilicium of a plebeian gens, verifiable from the 3rd cent. BC. The most important branches are the Aviolae (imperial era), Balbi and especially the Glabriones, who are documented from the 3rd cent. BC to the end of the 5th cent. AD [1]. In Rome there was a compitum Acilium, on which the first Greek doctor in Rome was settled in 219 (Plin. HN 29,12 [2. 98]), on the Pincio the horti Aciliorum, in the imperial era the most famous gardens of Rome [2. 195 f.; 3. 488 ff.]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican era [German version] [I 1] Soldier in Caesar's tenth legion Brave soldier in Ca…

Menippus

(1,763 words)

Author(s): Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Günther, Linda-Marie (Munich) | Mehl, Andreas (Halle/Saale) | Baumbach, Manuel (Zürich) | Weißenberger, Michael (Greifswald) | Et al.
(Μένιππος; Ménippos). [German version] [1] According to Plutarch sub-commander of Pericles In Plut. Pericles 13,10 (cf. Plut Mor. 812d) mentioned as a friend and sub-commander of Pericles (probably between 443 and 430 BC). Like the latter, he was mocked in the comedies. It is uncertain if M. really was a strategos. Plutarch's term for him ( hypostratēgṓn) is the Greek equivalent of the Latin term legatus (Develin, 103). Aristoph. Av. 1294 mentions a M., whom the scholias identify as a horse dealer. Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) Bibliography PA 10033 Traill, PAA 646185 (vgl. 646190 und 646195). …

Carrinas

(416 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)
Roman family name, presumably of Etruscan origin (in Greek also Καρείνας, Καρρείνας; Kareínas, Karreínas), reliably attested from the 1st cent. BC (ThlL, Onom. 2,209f.). I. Republican Age [German version] [I 1] C., C. Follower of Marius Follower of Marius, in the Civil War sent to Picenum against  Pompeius in 83 BC (Plut. Pompeius 7); he was praetor in 82 BC , and suffered a number of defeats in northern and central Italy. After the flight of the consul Cn.  Papirius Carbo to Africa, the remaining Marian military leaders united their troops with the Samn…

Bogudes

(237 words)

Author(s): Meißner, Burkhard (Halle/Saale) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)
[German version] [1] Ruler of east Mauretania, 81 BC Son of and successor to  Bocchus I, ruler of east Mauretania as far as the Mulucha. The mariner  Eudoxus of Cyzicus paid a call on him (Posidonius in Str. 2,3,4). In 81 BC B. sided with  Pompeius, who was campaigning against the supporters of Marius at Sulla's behest, against  Hiarbas, of Numidia (Oros. 5,21,14; Plut. Pompon. 12) [1. 67-68; 2. 266-274].  Hiempsal Meißner, Burkhard (Halle/Saale) Bibliography 1 M.-R. Alföldi, Die Gesch. des numidischen Königreiches und seiner Nachfolger, in: H. G. Horn, C. B. Rüger (ed.), Die Nu…

Lucilius

(2,458 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Christes, Johannes (Berlin) | Eck, Werner (Cologne) | Et al.
Name of a Roman plebeian family, derived from the first name Lucius [II], widespread from the 2nd cent. BC onwards. The satirical poet L. is the best-known of them. [I 6]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican era [German version] [I 1] A friend of M. Iunius [I 10] Brutus, who wanted to protect the latter in 42 BC at Philippi by pretending to be him (App. B Civ. 4,542-545). After that he followed M. Antonius [I 9] with similar loyalty until they both died in the year 30. Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] L., Sex. People's tribune 87 BC, thrown from the Tarpeian rock beca…

Aurunculeius

(268 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)
Plebeian gentile name (extension of Aurunceius, ThlL 2,1532f. [1. 354]); there are records of the family in Rome from the 3rd cent. BC, but they ceased to have any significance during the imperial time. [German version] [1] A., C. Praetor in 209 BC in Sardinina and propraetor in 208 Praetor in 209 BC in Sardinina and propraetor in 208 (MRR 1,285; 291). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] A., L. Praetor urbanus in 190 BC Praetor urbanus in 190 BC; amongst those sent to reorganize the situation in Asia Minor in 189 (MRR 1, 356; 363). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Sch…

Duronius

(202 words)

Author(s): Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)
Plebeian family name, from Durnius (Schulze, 160; ThlL Onom. s.v. D.). Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) [German version] [1] D., C. Friend of Annius Milo, 1st cent. BC Friend ( amicissimus) of Annius [I 14] Milo, whom he helped during or after his trial for the murder of  Clodius [I 4]. Cic. Att. 5,8,2f. Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) [German version] [2] D., L. Praetor in Apulia 181 BC 181 BC praetor in Apulia. When Tarentum and Brundisium complained about piracy, he received the praetorship of Istria additionally, and thus probably the task of protecting the Adriatic coast …

Hirtius, Aulus

(470 words)

Author(s): Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)
[German version] H.'s early career is shrouded in mystery. He probably served as a legate in Gallia from c. 54 (Cic. Fam. 16,27,1-2). He became a devoted follower of Caesar, to whom he owed his further advancement (Cic. Phil. 13,24). In 49 he accompanied Caesar to Spain, in 47 he stayed with him in Antioch; apart from that he defended Caesar's interests in Rome. The office of people's tribune in 48 is not certain. His introduction of a law aimed against the followers of Pompey ( rogatio Hirtia, CIL I2 2,604), later to be abolished (Cic. Phil. 13,32), must fall into the year 46, when…

Iccius

(54 words)

Author(s): Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)
[German version] Ruler of the  Remi ( primus civitatis), allied with Rome since 57 BC; in the same year, as he was in command of Bibrax, he held the city against an assault by the Belgae until the arrival of assistance from Rome (Caes. B Gall. 2,3,1; 6,4; 7,1).  Caesar Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)

Vercingetorix

(616 words)

Author(s): Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)
[German version] Celt from the people of the Arverni, born in c. 82 BC. His father Celtillus, whom the Romans considered the 'first man' ( princeps) in all of Gaul, was - like Arminius - murdered by members of his tribe, because he aspired to be king (Caes. B Gall. 7,4,1). Knowledge of V. is concentrated entirely on the year 52 BC; the main source, Caesar (= C.), is problematic, because he personalizes the Celtic resistance in V. and does not confront V. without Roman prejudices when recognizing his military performanc…

Drusus

(1,031 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Eck, Werner (Cologne)
Initially cognomen in the gens  Livia (ThlL, Onom. 3,256-260). According to Suet. Tib. 3,2, an otherwise unknown Livius (in the 3rd cent. BC) assumed the epithet, after he had won a duel with the Celtic leader Drausus, and passed it on to his family. Through  Livia's first marriage, with Ti. Claudius [I 19] Nero, the cognomen passed into the Claudian branch of the domus Augusta through her son Nero Claudius [II 24] (D. Maior), brother of the second Princeps  Tiberius; D. appears in the name of the son of D. Maior,  Germanicus, of the latter's son D. [II 2], …

Caelius

(1,467 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Eck, Werner (Cologne) | Schmitt-Pantel, Pauline (Paris) | Nutton, Vivian (London)
Plebeian family name (in MSS frequently confused with  Coelius), attested from the 2nd cent. BC. (ThlL, Onom. 24-26). I. Republican Age [German version] [I 1] C., C. praetor or propraetor in Gallia Cisalpina in 90 BC praetor or propraetor in Gallia Cisalpina in 90 BC (Liv. per. 73; MRR 2,25). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 2] C., C. see C.  Coelius. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 3] C., M. People's tribune in the 2nd cent. BC People's tribune in the 2nd cent. BC, against whom Cato -- perhaps as censor in 184 BC -- directed a speech (ORF I4 46-48) [1. 86]. Elver…

Callias

(1,877 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Michel, Simone (Hamburg) | Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Nesselrath, Heinz-Günther (Göttingen) | Et al.
(Καλλίας; Kallías, Ion. Καλλίης; Kallíēs). Common Attic name from the 6th -- 4th cent. BC, especially in the rich priestly family (several dadouchoi) of the Ceryces, which was associated with the cult of Eleusis. C. appears there in alternation with  Hipponicus. Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) [German version] [1] Mythical son of the Heraclid Temenos Mythical son of the Heraclid  Temenus, king of Argos, and the brother of Agelaus, Eurypylus and  Hyrnetho. Since the king preferred Hyrnetho and her husband  Deiphontes to his sons, they had Temenus murder…

Paralus

(47 words)

Author(s): Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)
(Πάραλος; Páralos). [German version] [1] Son of Pericles Son of Pericles [1] from his first marriage. He died of the plague in 430/429 BC (Plut. Pericles 36,8). Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) [German version] [2] (Athenian ship of state), see Salaminia (Athenian ship of state) see Salaminia

Caesar

(5,998 words)

Author(s): Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Rüpke, Jörg (Erfurt)
I. Historical [German version] A. Youth and early career C. Iulius Caesar was born in 100 BC on the 13th of Quintilis (from 44 BC: Iulius/July); his mother was Aurelia, a daughter of L. Aurelius Cotta ( cos. 119 BC; [1. 327]). His father became praetor in 92 BC, and died 85 BC. Nothing is known of C.'s childhood and early youth. As it was the custom for the Roman aristocracy, C., too, presumably spent his first years in the care of his mother, followed between the ages of 7 and 15 by elementary schooling and grammatical tuition (G…

Lysicles

(112 words)

Author(s): Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)
[German version] (Λυσικλῆς; Lysiklês). L. was a friend of Pericles and like the latter supported aggressive Athenian policy in relation to Sparta (Aristoph. Equ. 765: predecessor of Cleon). A L. was (in 432 BC ?) the petitioner for a decree regarding naval weapons and regarding Apollo of Delos (IG I2 128 l. 3; supplements in SEG 21, 37, IG I3 130a). After 429 BC, L. married Pericles' widow Aspasia (Plut. Pericles 24), in 428/7 as a strategos he fell in battle in Caria (Thuc. 3,19,1f.). Aristophanes has him appear in the ‘Equites’ as a small cattle wholesaler (Aristoph. Equ. 132 with schol.). Wil…

Ancharius

(125 words)

Author(s): Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)
[German version] [1] Q., praetor 56 BC Q., 73 BC legate in Greece (Syll.3 748), 65 (?) proquaestor in Macedonia (IvOl 328). As tribune of the people, 59 he opposed the politics of the consul  Caesar together with his colleague Bibulus (Cic. Sest. 113; Vatin. 16; Cass. Dio 38,6,1: schol. Bob. 135, 146St.). After the praetorship of 56 followed the proconsulate in Maedonia (Cic. Fam. 13,40) Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) [German version] [2] C. Rufus (1st half of 1st cent. BC) C., Rufus from Fulginae, accuser (?) of L. Varenus c. 80 BC [1]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [3] Priscus (1st …

Clodius

(2,871 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Nutton, Vivian (London) | Glock, Andreas (Bremen) | Birley, A. R. (Düsseldorf) | Et al.
In the 1st cent. BC, vernacular form of the gentilicium  Claudius (C. [I 4] and  Clodia), since late Republican period also an independent family name. I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] C., C. Praefect of M. Brutus in 43/42 BC In 43/42 BC follower and prefect of M. Brutus; he murdered C. Antonius [I 3]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 2] C., Sex. Henchman of P. Clodius [I 4] Pulcher, Sex. Cloelius [2] Henchman of P. Clodius [I 4] Pulcher, Sex.  Cloelius [2]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 3] C. Aesopus Tragic actor, 2nd half of the 1st cent. BC Tragic …

Ampius

(244 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)
Roman gentilicium. [German version] [1] C., praef. socium 201 BC C., praef. socium 201 BC (Liv. 31,2,5-9). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] Balbus, T., Praetor 59 BC, historian Balbus, T., tribunus plebis 63 BC (Vell. Pat. 2,40,4), praetor 59, finally procos. in Asia (MRR 2, 197). After his return he was an unsuccessful candidate for the consulate in 55 (schol. Bob. 156St.), in the Civil War he fought on the side of Pompey ( Pompeius), for whom he had already as tribunus plebis especially applied himself and who therefore had supported him when he ran for con…

Eucrates

(122 words)

Author(s): Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Schmitz, Winfried (Bielefeld)
(Εὐκράτης; Eukrátēs). [German version] [1] Athenian strategos 432/1 BC Athenian strategos in 432/1 BC (IG I3 365.5), participated in a campaign to Macedonia. Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) [German version] [2] Choregos and strategos in Athens about 415 BC Choregos and strategos in Athens. The brother of  Nicias. In 415 BC accused of the mutilation of the Herms but released (And. 1,47; 66). In 412/1 in Thrace as strategos. In 405/4 again strategos, he resisted together with other generals the peace terms negotiated by Theramenes during the blockade of Athens and, therefore,…

Euphranor

(302 words)

Author(s): Neudecker, Richard (Rome) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)
(Εὐφράνωρ; Euphránōr). [German version] [1] Sculptor, painter and art critic in Athens, c. 364-361 BC Important sculptor, painter and art critic ( Art, theory of) in Athens with his acme in 364-361 BC. As paintings the ‘Battle of Mantinea’ (362 BC), the ‘Apotheosis of Theseus’ and ‘Twelve Gods in the Stoa Eleutherios’ are described and ‘Democracy and Demos’ and ‘Odysseus’ are mentioned. E. described his ‘Theseus’ as ‘meat-nourished’ in contrast to the ‘rose-nourished’ one by  Parrhasius. Ancient art critics emphasized the versatility and dignitas of his representation of the …

Pericles

(2,303 words)

Author(s): Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Högemann, Peter (Tübingen)
(Περικλῆς; Periklês). [German version] [1] Athenian Politician Athenian politician. Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) [German version] A. Descent and early career P. was probably born between 495 and 490 as the son of Agariste [2] (according to Hdt. 6,131, she dreamt that she would bear a lion), a member of the Alcmaeonid family, and Xanthippus. P. had two sons (Xanthippus and Paralus [1]) from his first marriage and a third son P. from his union with the Milesian Aspasia [2]. Later tradition numbered Anaxagoras [2], Zeno of …

Hagnon

(282 words)

Author(s): Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) | Stanzel, Karl-Heinz (Tübingen)
(Ἅγνων; Hágnōn). [German version] [1] Strategos in Athens, 5th cent. BC Father of Theramenes [1. 191], in 440 BC stratēgós in the war of Athens against rebellious Samos (Thuc. 1,117,2). H. founded Amphipolis in 437/6 (Thuc. 4,102,3; 5,11,1). At the beginning of the Peloponnesian War he held the office of strategos again in 431/0 and 429/8 (Thuc. 2,58,1; 6,31,2; 2,95,3 [2. 117, 121]). According to Plutarch (Pericles 32) he was one of the opponents of  Pericles. In April 421 he signed, among other things, the peace treaty (Peace of Nicias) betwe…

Iuventius

(1,470 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Schmidt, Peter L. (Constance) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Nadig, Peter C. (Duisburg) | Eck, Werner (Cologne) | Et al.
Roman cognomen [1. 281; 482; 2. 735]. The gens belonged to the municipal nobility of Tusculum, came into Roman politics around 200 BC and with I. [I 6] achieved the sole consulate in the middle of the 2nd cent. BC, to which they referred to also later (Cic. Planc. 12, 15; 18f. and others; cf. Catull. 24,1-3). The most important families were the Thalnae (also Talnae in inscriptions) and the Laterenses. I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] Alleged first curule aedile of the plebs, 4th cent. BC According to fictitious family tradition, the first curule aedile of the plebs at the end …

Antonius

(5,913 words)

Author(s): Degani, Enzo (Bologna) | Fusillo, Massimo (L'Aquila) | Savvidis, Kyriakos (Bochum) | Berschin, Walter (Heidelberg) | Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Et al.
[German version] A. Greek (Ἀντώνιος; Antṓnios). [German version] [1] Thallus Epigrammatic poet, 2nd half of the 1st cent. BC Epigrammatic poet from Miletus (according to [2] he had received Roman citizenship, through the patronage of Antonia Minor) lived in the 2nd half of the 1st cent. BC (in Anth. Pal. 6,235 the birth of a Καῖσαρ [ Kaîsar] is celebrated, who is to be equated with either C. Julius Caesar, the grandson of Augustus, or with Germanicus). His five epigrams, which derive from the ‘Garland’ of Philippus, are certainly conventional in their…

Hirtia

(98 words)

Author(s): Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)
[German version] Sister of  Hirtius. In 46 BC she was evidently offered by her brother to Cicero as a possible wife after his divorce from Terentia. Cicero declined on the grounds that marriage and philosophy are incompatible (Hieron. Adversus Iovinianum 1,48), and married the young and rich Publilia. H. is probably alluded to in a letter written by Cicero (Att. 12,11) dated November 46 BC, in which he informs Atticus that he had never seen anything so ugly ( nihil vidi foedius). Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) Bibliography J. Kerschensteiner, Cicero und Hirtius, in: FS S. Lauffer, vol. 2,…

Labienus

(862 words)

Author(s): Frigo, Thomas (Bonn) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Schmidt, Peter L. (Constance)
Nomen gentile of Etruscan origin; the family, which belonged to Rome's equestrian class, came from northern Picenum (Cic. Rab. perd. 22; Caes. B Civ. 1,15,2). [German version] [1] L., Q. Slain in the Curia c. 100 BC Uncle of L. [3], supported L. Ap(p)uleius [I 11] Saturninus in 100 BC and was slain at his side in the Curia on the Forum Romanum (Cic. Rab. perd. 14; 18; 20-22; Oros. 5,17,9). Frigo, Thomas (Bonn) [German version] [2] L. (Parthicus), Q. Commander in Asia Minor and Armenia c. 40 BC Son of L. [3]. At the end of 43 BC he undertook treaty negotiations at the behest of the m…

Iulius

(18,763 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Nadig, Peter C. (Duisburg) | Liebermann, Wolf-Lüder (Bielefeld) | Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) | Et al.
Name of an old patrician family, probably connected with the name of the god  Jupiter [1. 281; 2. 729]. The gens was one of the so-called ‘Trojan families’, who were said to have moved from Alba Longa to Rome under king Tullus Hostilius [I 4] (see below). The Iulii were prominent in the 5th and 4th cents. BC. Their connection to the family branch of the Caesares, which rose to prominence from the 3rd cent. and whose outstanding member was the dictator  Caesar (with family tree), is unclear. Caesar's adoptive son,…

Claudius

(10,704 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Kierdorf, Wilhelm (Cologne) | Eck, Werner (Cologne) | Birley, A. R. (Düsseldorf) | Et al.
Name of a Roman lineage (Sabine Clausus, with the vernacular variant of   Clodius , esp. in the 1st cent. BC). The Claudii supposedly immigrated to Rome from the Sabine city of Regillum at the beginning of the republic in 504 BC under their ancestor Att(i)us Clausus ( Appius) and were immediately accepted into the circle of patrician families (Liv. 2,16,4-6), which explains why the early members received the invented epithets of Inregillensis C. [I 5-6] and Sabinus C. [I 31-32], [1. 155f.]. The praenomen Appius came to signify the family. Named after them was the Tribus Claudi…

Aelius

(3,107 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Giaro, Tomasz (Frankfurt/Main) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Kierdorf, Wilhelm (Cologne) | Eck, Werner (Cologne) | Et al.
Name of a Roman plebeian house (originally Ailius), verifiable from the 4th cent. BC until the late imperial era. The most important families are the Paeti (since the 4th cent. BC), Tuberones (since the 2nd cent. BC), and from the 1st cent. also the Galli and Lamiae. In the imperial era, especially since Hadrian, the most famous bearer of the name, the name Aelius is so widespread that it -- just like Flavius and Aurelius -- loses its character as nomen gentile. I. Republic [German version] [I 1] Ae. Unknown author of a lex Aelia, mid 2nd cent. BC unknown author of a lex Aelia (mostly mentioned t…

Actorius

(44 words)

Author(s): Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)
[German version] A. Naso, M., author of a work about  Caesar and his time. This work was obviously directed against Caesar, accused him of participating in the so-called first Catiline conspiracy and also contained gossip (Suet. Iul. 9,3; 52,1). Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)

Alfius

(360 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Beck, Jan-Wilhelm (Bochum) | Eck, Werner (Cologne) | Calboli, Gualtiero (Bologna) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)
Roman gentilicium. [German version] [1] Historian, 1st cent. BC 1st cent. BC, published a work of history or epic probably about the first Punic war ( bellum Carthaginiense Fest. 158 M), perhaps identical to no. 5 [1]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] Banker Banker (Hor. Epod. 2,67). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [3] Marius, 2nd half of 3rd cent. BC Marius, Campanian, fell in 215 BC fighting against Rome (Liv. 23,35,13; 19). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Schanz/Hosius, 1, 202. [German version] [4] Avitus Latin poet of the 2nd/3rd…

Caecilius

(6,633 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Eck, Werner (Cologne) | Giaro, Tomasz (Frankfurt/Main) | Schmidt, Peter L. (Constance) | Et al.
Name of a plebeian gens (probably derived from Caeculus, older form is Caicilios, Greek Καικίλιος, Κεκίλιος [ Kaikílios, Kekílios]; ThlL, Onom. 12-14), whose existence is documented since the 5th cent. (since C. [I 1]), but who only gained importance in the 2nd cent.; their most famous branch were the C. Metelli (I 10-32). A later explanation related the name back to Caeculus, the legendary founder of Praeneste, or Caecas, a companion of Aeneas (Fest. p. 38). I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] C., Q. Supposedly people's tribune in 439 BC Supposedly people's tribune in 439 BC …

Fufius

(762 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Rüpke, Jörg (Erfurt) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Eck, Werner (Cologne)
Name of a plebeian family [1], perhaps from Cales, politically active from the 3rd cent. BC. I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] People's tribune in the mid-2nd cent. BC People's tribune (?) in the mid-2nd cent. BC, otherwise unknown author of a lex Fufia on the fixing of permissible days for public assemblies (usually mentioned together with the lex Aelia,  Aelius [I 1]). MRR 1,452f.; 3,3f. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 2] F., L. Rom. orator in the 1st cent. BC Known as an orator in the 90s of the 1st cent. BC. Around 97 his speech in the prosecu…

Agariste

(126 words)

Author(s): Stein-Hölkeskamp, Elke (Cologne) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)
(Ἀγαρίστη; Agarístē). [German version] [1] Mother of  Cleisthenes of Athens (6th cent. BC) Daughter of the tyrant  Cleisthenes of Sicyon, wife of the Alcmaeonid  Megacles, mother of  Cleisthenes of Athens. The story of the long courtship before her marriage around 575 BC can be regarded as the paradigmatic depiction of the lifestyle of the archaic aristocracy (Hdt. 6,126 ff.).  Aristocracy Stein-Hölkeskamp, Elke (Cologne) Bibliography E. Stein-Hölkeskamp, Adelskultur und Polisges., 1989, 117-119. [German version] [2] Athenian, mother of Pericles Athenian, great-grandda…

Furnius

(230 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Eck, Werner (Cologne)
Plebeian family name, perhaps connected with Etruscan furnial (Schulze 217, with epigraphical evidence). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] F., C. People's tribune 50 BC, orator Like his son F. [2], a famous Roman orator ( Furnii ... clari oratores; Jer. Chron. ad annum 1980-81). People's tribune in 50 BC, legate in 44-43, praetor in 42 (?), envoy in 40 and 39, promagistrate in Asia in 36-35, c onsul designatus for 29 (MRR 2, 249, 331, 353, 359, 376, 389, 402, 408; 3, 97). At first, an admirer of the orator Cicero, he placed himself politically in …

Attius

(775 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Eck, Werner (Cologne)
Plebeian gentilicium, verifiable since the 2nd cent. BC, in the older form Atius, in the MSS often confused with Accius (on the origin and spread, Schulze 68; 423; 551; ThlL 2,1169-71). The gens first achieved prominence with  Atia, the mother of the emperor Augustus. Early imperial pseudo-genealogy therefore invented an ancestor Atys (Verg. Aen. 5,568 Atys, genus unde Atii duxere Latini). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican era [German version] [I 1] A. Balbus, M. Grandfather of Augustus Brother-in-law of Caesar ( Iulia) and grandfather of Augustus ( Atia [1]). …

Hegesaretus

(45 words)

Author(s): Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)
[German version] (Ἡγησάρετος; Hēgēsáretos). Thessalian from Larissa, described as princeps civitatis by Cicero in a letter of recommendation from the year 46 BC (Fam. 13,25). Leader of the Pompeian factio in Thessaly (Caes. B Civ. 3,35,2). Presumably pardoned by Caesar. Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)

Calidius

(260 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)
Plebeian family name, attested in Rome from the 1st cent. BC (Schulze, 138; ThlL, Onom. 81f.). [German version] [1] C., M. Mint master in 117 or 116 BC Mint master in 117 or 116 BC (RRC 284), perhaps later praetor or propraetor (IG VII 18, Z. 14). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] C., M. Praetor in 57 BC Praetor in 57 BC; as such he supported Cicero's return from exile (Cic. P. Red. Sen. 22), and on this occasion probably gave the speech De domo Ciceronis (Quint. Inst. 10,1,23). In 52 BC, he took up the cause of T. Annius [I 14] Milo, the murderer of  Clodius Pulc…

Ap(p)uleius

(3,219 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Zimmerman, Maaike (Groningen)
Plebeian gentile name (on form and distribution [1], ThLL 2, 291). The poet  Apuleius [III, of Madaura] I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] A. Real-estate dealer (1st cent. BC) Late Republican real-estate dealer ( praediator) (Cic. Att. 5,11,16; 12,4,2; 12,17). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 2] A. Proscribed in 43 BC Proscribed in 43 BC but escaped (App. B Civ. 4,166). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Schulze, 427. [German version] [I 3] A., L. People's tribune in 391 BC People's tribune in 391 BC, whose complaint supposedly caused M…

Aurelius

(2,999 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Eck, Werner (Cologne) | Birley, A. R. (Düsseldorf)
Widespread plebeian gentilicium (ThlL 2,1482-87), which in ancient etymology is derived from Sabine and was derived via the older form Auselius from sol (sun) (Fest. p. 22; from this the modern derivation from the Sabine * ausel over Etruscan usil ‘Sun god’, cf. [1. 36; 2. 468]). The family attained noble status in the 1st Punic War with Aur. [3] and provides numerous consuls in the 2nd cent. BC from the branches of the Cottae, Orestae and Scauri. This, however, does not completely explain the building stages and assignment of various viae Aureliae in the 2nd cent. [3; 4]. The late R…

Canuleius

(321 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)
Name of a plebeian gens, attested from the 5th cent. BC (variant Canoleius; Greek Κανουλήϊος; Kanoulḗïos); from the 1st cent. AD, the name becomes rare (ThlL, Onom. 2,148f.). [German version] [1] C., C. Tribunus plebis 445 BC tribunus plebis of 445 BC, who is said to have introduced a plebiscitum Canuleium de conubio, repealing the bar to marriage between patricians and plebeians (Cic. Rep. 2,63; Liv. 4,1,1-6). As it is hard to imagine that a people's tribune of the 5th cent. BC could so decisively intervene in the legislative process, the reliab…

Allienus

(78 words)

Author(s): Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)
[German version] From 61 to 59 BC legate of Q. Tullius Cicero in Asia (Cic. Ad Q. Fr. 1,1,10), in 55 tribunus plebis (MRR 2, 217), in 49 praetor (Cic. Fam. 10,15,3), 48-46 procos. in Sicilia (MRR 2, 275; 288; 296). In this function he supported  Caesar during his African campaign in January 46 with troops (Bell. Afr. 34,4). In 44/43 he was first legate of Trebonius, then of Dolabella (MRR 2, 352). Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)

Aemilius

(4,870 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Eck, Werner (Cologne) | Courtney, Edward (Charlottesville, VA) | Giaro, Tomasz (Frankfurt/Main)
[German version] Nomen gentile Name of a very old patrician line (more often written Aimilius), after which the tribus Aemilia, one of the oldest rustic tribes, is also named. Republican pseudo-genealogy traced the gens back to Mamercus, said to be the son of Pythagoras or of Numa, or to Trojan ancestors: Aemilia, a daughter of Aeneas; Aimylos, a son of Ascanius; or to King Amulius himself (Plut. Aemilius 2; Numa 8; Romulus 2; Fest. 22 L; Sil. Pun. 8,294-296) [1]. The Aemilii belonged to one of the most respected lines in the R…

Arrius

(618 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Eck, Werner (Cologne)
Latin gentile name of Italian origin. I. Republic [German version] [I 1] A. (1st half of 1st cent. BC) Made fun of by Catull (Carm. 84) due to affected pronunciation. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 2] A., C. Neighbour of Cicero Neighbour of Cicero at his Formianum (Cic. Att. 2.14.2; 15.3). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 3] A., L. City praetor of Cales City praetor of Cales (ILLRP 560). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 4] A., Q. Praetor in 73 BC Praetor in 73 BC [1]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Schulze, 422-423. …

Iunius

(8,102 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) | Nadig, Peter C. (Duisburg) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Müller, Christian (Bochum) | Et al.
Roman surname, derived from the name of the goddess Iuno [1. 470; 2. 731]. The gens was plebeian; the idea that this family originated from the patrician founder of the Republic L. I. [I 4] Brutus (Cic. Att. 13,40,1), which was particularly propagated by the murderers of Caesar, M. and D. I. Brutus [I 10 and 12], was already a matter of controversy in ancient times (Plut. Brutus 1,6-8). T.  Pomponius Atticus (Nep. Att. 18,3) composed a family history at the request of M. Brutus. This gens became politically im…

Furfanius Postumus, T.

(65 words)

Author(s): Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)
[German version] In 52 BC, judge in the case against Annius [I 14] Milo (Cic. Mil. 75) regarding the murder of  Clodius [I 4]. Praetor perhaps already in 55 or earlier ([1. 268f.]; MRR 2,295: 46 [?]), promagistrate in Sicily 50-49, proconsul there as well in 45 (MRR 3,96). Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) Bibliography 1 G. V. Sumner, The lex annalis under Caesar, in: Phoenix 25, 1971, 246-271.

Proteas

(178 words)

Author(s): Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)
[German version] (Πρωτέας/ Prōtéas). Son of Andronicus, Macedonian, probably the same as P., the son of Lanice, nurse of Alexander [4] the Great. In 334/3 BC, by order of Antipater [1] he gathered ships off Euboea and the Peloponnese to protect the islands and mainland. In early summer 333, he succeeded in surprising a Persian forward unit under Datames off the island of Siphnos and capturing eight of its ten ships (Arr. Anab. 2,2,4-5). To do so, P. covered over 120 nautical miles in two night sail…

Fundanius

(320 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)
Widespread Roman plebeian gentes name (Schulze 357, 533, 542). [German version] [1] F., C. Plebeian tribune in 68 BC Plebeian tribune in 68 BC (?), one of the originators of the lex Antonia de Termessibus (Roman Statutes 1, 1996, no. 19), at the same time curator viarum (ILLRP 465a). Probably identical to C.F. who was defended by Cicero in 66 or 65 (Q. Cic. comm. petitionis 19) and is still mentioned in 59 (Cic. Ad Q. Fr. 1,2,10). He was probably also the father-in-law of the antiquarian M. Terentius  Varro, who introduces him as a dialogue partner in de re rustica (1,2,1 et passim). Elvers, Karl-…

Annius

(2,226 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Eck, Werner (Cologne)
Latin, in Rome a plebeian gentilicium, which also occurs in Etruscan and Oscan inscriptions [1]. The Etruscan king Anius, after whom the  Anio was supposedly named (Plut. Mor. 315E-F), is a scholarly invention. In Rome Annii were active from the 3rd cent. BC in public life, produced in the 2nd cent. from the family of the Lusci two consuls and were notorious in the 1st cent. because of T.  A. [14] Milo. In the imperial era the name is widespread, various families are present (e.g. cognomina: Bas…

Aristius

(95 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)
Roman family name (ThLL 2,646 f.) [1]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] M., military tribune 52 BC A., M., military tribune in Caesar's army during the Gallic uprising of 52 BC (Caes. B. Gall. 7,42,5; 43,1). Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) [German version] [2] Fuscus, poet and grammaticus (1st cent. BC) A., Fuscus, poet and grammaticus, close friend and critic of  Horatius, who dedicated Carm. 1,22 and Epist. 1,10 to him. Sat. 1,9,61-74 shows his sense of humour. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography R. G. M. Nisbet, M. Hubbard, A Commentary on Horace: Odes, Book 1…

Bucilianus

(38 words)

Author(s): Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)
[German version] Participant in the conspiracy against Caesar (App. B Civ. 2,474; 493). Briefly mentioned in Cicero (Att. 16,4,4; 15,17,2) in connection with his plans to flee in the summer of 44 BC. Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)

Antistius

(1,814 words)

Author(s): Degani, Enzo (Bologna) | Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Eck, Werner (Cologne) | Giaro, Tomasz (Frankfurt/Main)
[German version] I. Greek Epigrammatic poet Epigrammatic poet; although it is not possible to be certain, because the name is fairly common, A. is usually equated with the Macedonian C. Antistius Vetus, who in AD 11 was sent into exile because of treason (Tac. Ann. 3,38), or with the praetor A. Sosianus, who suffered the same destiny in AD 62 (Reason: factitatis in Neronem carminibus probrosiis... Tac. Ann. 14,48; 16,14; 21; cf. Hist. 4,44). His four epigrams, which derive from the ‘Garland’ of Philippus are balanced, elegant variations of traditional motives…

Euphranor

(258 words)

Author(s): Neudecker, Richard (Rom) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)
(Εὐφράνωρ). [English version] [1] Kunstschriftsteller in Athen, um 364-361 v. Chr. Bedeutender Bildhauer, Maler und Kunstschriftsteller (Kunsttheorie) in Athen mit Akmé 364-361 v.Chr. An Gemälden werden die ‘Schlacht v. Mantinea (362 v.Chr.), die ‘Apotheose des Theseus und ‘Zwölf Götter in der Stoa Eleutherios beschrieben, ‘Demokrateia und Demos und ‘Odysseus genannt. Seinen ‘Theseus beschrieb E. als “fleischgenährt” im Gegensatz zum “rosengenährten” des Parrhasios. Ant. Kunsturteile betonen Vielseitigkeit und dignitas seiner Götterdarstellung und sind wahrsche…

Arrius

(533 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Eck, Werner (Köln)
Lat. Gentilname ital. Herkunft [1]. I. Republik [English version] [I 1] A. (1. H. 1. Jh. v. Chr.) von Catull (carm. 84) wegen affektierter Aussprache verspottet. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [I 2] A., C. Nachbar Ciceros Nachbar Ciceros auf dessen Formianum (Cic. Att. 2,14,2; 15,3). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [I 3] A., L. Stadtpraetor von Cales Stadtpraetor von Cales (ILLRP 560). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [I 4] A., Q. Praetor 73 v.Chr. Praetor 73 v.Chr. [1]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Schulze, 422-42…

Bogudes

(214 words)

Author(s): Meißner, Burkhard (Halle/Saale) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)
[English version] [1] Herrscher Ostmauretaniens, 81 v. Chr. Sohn und Nachfolger Bocchus' I., Herrscher Ostmauretaniens bis zum Mulucha. Der Seefahrer Eudoxos von Kyzikos suchte ihn auf (Poseidonios bei Strab. 2,3,4). 81 v.Chr. nahm B. Partei gegen Hiarbas von Numidien zugunsten des Pompeius, der in Sullas Auftrag die Marianer in Afrika bekämpfte (Oros. 5,21,14; Plut. Pomp. 12) [1. 67-68; 2. 266-274]. Hiempsal Meißner, Burkhard (Halle/Saale) Bibliography 1 M.-R. Alföldi, Die Gesch. des numidischen Königreiches und seiner Nachfolger, in: H.G. Horn, C.B. Rüger (Hrsg.), Die…

Ateius

(542 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Kaster, Robert A. (Princeton) | Giaro, Tomasz (Frankfurt/Main)
Ital. Eigenname [1. 347, 426], im öffentlichen Leben Roms seit dem 1.Jh. v.Chr. nachweisbar, nicht sehr häufig. [English version] [1] A. Legat des M. Antonius 41/40 v. Chr. in Gallien Legat (?) des M. Antonius 41/40 v.Chr. in Gallien (MRR 3,26). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [2] A., M. Centurio, Teilnehmer bei der Erstürmung Athens 86 v. Chr. centurio, zeichnete sich bei der Erstürmung Athens 86 v.Chr. aus (Plut. Sull. 14,3). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Schulze. [English version] [3] A. Capito, C. Volkstribun 55 v. Chr. kämpfte als Volkstribun v…

Demetrios

(6,917 words)

Author(s): Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) | Schütrumpf, Eckart E. (Boulder, CO) | Günther, Linda-Marie (München) | Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) | Et al.
(Δημήτριος). Bekannte Persönlichkeiten: der maked. König D. [2] Poliorketes; der Politiker und Schriftsteller D. [4] von Phaleron; der jüd.-hell. Chronograph D. [29]. I. Politisch aktive Persönlichkeiten [English version] [1] Offizier unter Alexander d.Gr. Offizier unter Alexandros [4], kämpfte bei Gaugamela als Führer einer Ile der Hetairoi und in Indien als Kommandeur einer Hipparchie. Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) Bibliography Berve 2, Nr. 256. [English version] [2] D. Poliorketes Sohn von Antigonos [1], geb. 337/6 v.Chr. (Diod. 19,96,1). Er heiratete 320 Ph…

Lucilius

(2,069 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Christes, Johannes (Berlin) | Eck, Werner (Köln) | Et al.
Name einer röm. plebeischen Familie, abgeleitet vom Vornamen Lucius, seit dem 2. Jh. v.Chr. verbreitet. Am bekanntesten der Satirendichter L. [I 6]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] Freund des M. Iunius [I 10] Brutus, den er 42 v.Chr. bei Philippi schützen wollte, indem er sich für ihn ausgab (App. civ. 4,542-545). Danach folgte er M. Antonius [I 9] ähnlich loyal bis zu beider Tod im Jahre 30. Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [English version] [I 2] L., Sex. Volkstribun 87 v. Chr., als Gegner des Marius vom Tarpeischen Flesen gestürzt Volkstribun 8…

Iuventius

(1,313 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Schmidt, Peter L. (Konstanz) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Nadig, Peter C. (Duisburg) | Eck, Werner (Köln) | Et al.
Röm. Familienname [1. 281; 482; 2. 735]. Die gens gehörte zum Municipaladel von Tusculum, kam um 200 v.Chr. in die röm. Politik und gelangte mit I. [I 6] in der Mitte des 2. Jh.v.Chr. zum einzigen Konsulat, worauf sie sich auch später noch berief (Cic. Planc. 12, 15; 18f. u.a.; vgl. Catull. 24,1-3). Wichtigste Familien waren die Thalnae (inschr. auch Talnae) und die Laterenses. I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] Angeblich erster plebeischer Aedilis curulis 4. Jh. v. Chr. Nach erfundener Familientradition der erste curulische Aedil aus der Plebs Ende des 4. …

Ap(p)uleius

(3,151 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Zimmerman, Maaike (Groningen)
Plebeischer Gentilname (zu Form und Verbreitung [1], ThLL 2, 291). Der Dichter s. Apuleius [III, von Madaura] I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] A. Immobilienhändler (1. Jh. v. Chr.) spätrepublikanischer Immobilienhändler ( praediator) (Cic. Att. 5,11,16; 12,4,2; 12,17). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [I 2] A. 43 v. Chr. proskribiert 43 v. Chr. proskribiert, aber entkommen (App. civ. 4,166). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Schulze, 427. [English version] [I 3] A., L. Volkstribun 391 v. Chr. Volkstribun 391 v. Chr., durch desse…

Acilius

(1,336 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Kierdorf, Wilhelm (Köln) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Eck, Werner (Köln)
Gentilname einer plebeischen Gens, nachweisbar ab dem 3. Jh. v. Chr. Wichtigste Zweige sind die Aviolae (kaiserzeitlich), Balbi und bes. die Glabriones, die vom 3. Jh. v. Chr. bis zum E. des 5. Jh. n. Chr. bezeugt sind [1]. In Rom gab es ein compitum Acilium, auf dem 219 der erste griech. Arzt in Rom angesiedelt wurde (Plin. nat. 29,12 [2. 98]), auf dem Pincio die horti Aciliorum, in der Kaiserzeit die berühmtesten Gärten Roms [2. 195 f.; 3. 488 ff.]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] Soldat in Caesars 10. Legion Tapferer Soldat in Caesars 10.…

Hirtius, Aulus

(434 words)

Author(s): Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)
[English version] Die anfängliche Karriere des H. liegt im dunkeln. Wahrscheinlich diente er ab ca. 54 v.Chr. als Legat in Gallien (Cic. fam. 16,27,1-2). Er entwickelte sich zu einem unbedingten Gefolgsmann Caesars, dem er schließlich auch seinen weiteren Aufstieg verdankte (Cic. Phil. 13,24). 49 begleitete er Caesar nach Spanien, 47 weilte er bei ihm in Antiocheia, ansonsten vertrat er dessen Interessen in Rom. Das Volkstribunat von 48 ist nicht gesichert, ein von ihm eingebrachtes, später aufgehobenes Gesetz (Cic. Phil. 13,32), das sich gegen die Anhänger des Pompeius richtete ( r…

Ancharius

(125 words)

Author(s): Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)
[English version] [1] Q. Q., praetor 56 v. Chr. 73 v. Chr. Legat in Griechenland (Syll.3 748), 65 (?) Proquaestor in Macedonia (IvOl 328). Als Volkstribun von 59 behinderte er die Politik des Konsuls Caesar mit dessen Amtskollegen Bibulus (Cic. Sest. 113; Vatin. 16; Cass. Dio 38,6,1: schol. Bob. 135, 146St.). Der Praetur von 56 folgte das Prokonsulat in Maedonia (Cic. fam. 13,40) Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) [English version] [2] C., Rufus C., Rufus (1.H. 1. Jh. v. Chr.) aus Fulginae, Ankläger (?) des L. Varenus um 80 v. Chr. [1]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [3] Priscus Priscu…

Ariovistus

(633 words)

Author(s): Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)
[English version] König eines german. Volkes. Plin. nat. 2,170 nennt ihn (ohne daß der Name A. explizit fällt) rex Sueborum, Mela 3,45 rex Botorum (= Nep. F 29), Caes. Gall. 1,31,10 bzw. Front. strat. 2,1,16 rex Germanorum und Liv. per. 104 dux. Die röm. Bezeichnungen sind unbestimmt (der Begriff Sueben war nur Sammelbezeichnung für rechtsrheinische Germanenstämme, die Boti sind unbekannt), vielleicht war A. Fürst der im Elsaß bzw. der Pfalz anzusiedelnden Triboker [2. 510: Tribocorum statt Botorum]. Unsere Kenntnisse beruhen fast auss…

Fufius

(692 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Rüpke, Jörg (Erfurt) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Eck, Werner (Köln)
Name einer plebeischen Familie [1], vielleicht aus Cales, seit dem 3. Jh. v.Chr. politisch tätig. I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] Volkstribun Mitte 2. Jh.v.Chr. Volkstribun (?) in der Mitte des 2. Jh. v.Chr., sonst unbekannter Urheber einer lex Fufia über die Festlegung der zulässigen Tage für Volksversammlungen (meist zusammen mit der lex Aelia genannt, Aelius [I 1]). MRR 1,452f.; 3,3f. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [I 2] F., L. röm. Redner, 1. Jh. v. Chr. als Redner in den 90er Jahren des 1. Jh. v.Chr. bekannt. Etwa 97 verschaffte …

Androsthenes

(105 words)

Author(s): Günther, Linda-Marie (München) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)
[English version] [1] s. Olympionikai s. Olympionikai Günther, Linda-Marie (München) [English version] [2] Feldherr Philipps V. im 2. maked. Krieg Feldherr Philipps V. im 2. maked. Krieg, hielt Korinth trotz der Niederlage an der Nemea gegen die Achaier unter Nikostratos (Liv. 33,14,1; 15). Günther, Linda-Marie (München) [English version] [3] Strategos des thessal. Bundes (Mitte 1. Jh. v. Chr.) Strategos des thessal. Bundes ( praetor Thessaliae); schloß sich nach Caesars Niederlage bei Dyrrhachion Pompeius an und versuchte, die Stadt Gomphoi gegen den nach T…

Labienus

(745 words)

Author(s): Frigo, Thomas (Bonn) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Schmidt, Peter L. (Konstanz)
Gentilname etr. Herkunft; die Familie, Roms Ritterstand zugehörig, stammte aus dem nördlichen Picenum (Cic. Rab. perd. 22; Caes. civ. 1,15,2). [English version] [1] L., Q. Um 100 v. Chr. in der Curia getötet Onkel des L. [3], unterstützte 100 v.Chr. L. Appuleius [I 11] Saturninus und wurde an dessen Seite in der Kurie auf dem Forum Romanum niedergemacht (Cic. Rab. perd. 14; 18; 20-22; Oros. 5,17,9). Frigo, Thomas (Bonn) [English version] [2] L. (Parthicus), Q. Feldherr in Kleinasien und Armenien um 40 v. Chr. Sohn des L. [3]. E. 43 v.Chr. im Auftrag der Caesarmörder zu Bündn…

Aristius

(102 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)
Röm. Familienname (ThLL 2,646 f.) [1]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [1] , M., Militärtribun 52 v. Chr. A., M., Militärtribun in Caesars Heer während des gallischen Aufstandes von 52 v. Chr. (Caes. Gall. 7,42,5; 43,1). Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) [English version] [2] Fuscus, Dichter und Grammaticus, 1. Jh. v. Chr. A., Fuscus, Dichter und grammaticus, enger Freund und Kritiker des Horaz, der an ihn carm. 1,22 und epist. 1,10 gerichtet hat. Sat. 1,9,61-74 zeigt seinen Sinn für Humor. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography R. G. M. Nisbet, M. Hubbard, A Commentary on H…

Aurelius

(2,668 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Eck, Werner (Köln) | Birley, A. R. (Düsseldorf)
Verbreiteter plebeischer Gentilname (ThlL 2,1482-87), der in ant. Etym. aus dem Sabinischen hergeführt und über die ältere Form Auselius von sol (Sonne) abgeleitet wurde (Fest. p. 22; daraus die moderne Ableitung aus sabinisch * ausel über etr. usil “Sonnengott”, vgl. [1. 36; 2. 468]). Die Familie gelangte im 1. Pun. Krieg mit Aur. [3] in die Nobiltät und stellt im 2.Jh. v.Chr. in den Zweigen der Cottae, Orestae und Scauri zahlreiche Konsuln. Daher sind auch die Baustufen und die Zuweisung der verschiedenen viae Aureliae aus dem 2.Jh. nicht restlos geklärt [3; 4]. Das spätre…

Caesar

(5,008 words)

Author(s): Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Rüpke, Jörg (Erfurt)
I. Historisch [English version] A. Jugend und frühe Karriere C. Iulius Caesar wurde 100 v.Chr. am 13. Quintilis (seit 44: Iulius/Juli) als Sohn der Aurelia, einer Tochter des L. Aurelius Cotta ( cos. 119; [1. 327]) geboren. Sein Vater erreichte im Jahre 92 die Praetur und starb 85. Über C.s Kindheit und frühe Jugend ist nichts bekannt. Vermutlich verbrachte er, wie in Roms Aristokratie üblich, die ersten Jahre in der Obhut der Mutter, im Alter zwischen 7 und 15 folgten Elementar- und Grammatikunterricht (griech. und lat. Lit.…

Caelius

(1,280 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Eck, Werner (Köln) | Schmitt-Pantel, Pauline (Paris) | Nutton, Vivian (London)
Plebeischer Familienname (in den Hss. häufig mit Coelius verwechselt), seit dem 2.Jh. v.Chr. bezeugt (ThlL, Onom. 24-26). I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] C., C. (Pro-)Praetor in Gallia Cisalpina 90 v.Chr. praetor oder propraetor in Gallia Cisalpina 90 v.Chr. (Liv. per. 73; MRR 2,25). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [I 2] C., C. s. C. Coelius. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [I 3] C., M. Volkstribun im 2.Jh. v.Chr. Volkstribun im 2.Jh. v.Chr, gegen den Cato vielleicht als Censor 184 v.Chr. eine Rede hielt (ORF I4 46-48) [1. 86]. Elvers, K…

Menippos

(1,637 words)

Author(s): Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Günther, Linda-Marie (München) | Mehl, Andreas (Halle/Saale) | Baumbach, Manuel (Heidelberg) | Weißenberger, Michael (Greifswald) | Et al.
(Μένιππος). [English version] [1] nach Plutarch Unterfeldherr des Perikles Bei Plut. Perikles 13,10 (vgl. Plut mor. 812d) als Freund und Unterfeldherr des Perikles erwähnt (wohl zw. 443 und 430 v.Chr.). Wie dieser war er Zielscheibe des Komödienspotts. Ob M. tatsächlich als Stratege tätig war, ist ungewiß. Plutarchs Bezeichung für ihn ( hypostratēgṓn) ist die griech. Entsprechung zum lat. Begriff legatus (Develin, 103). Aristoph. Av. 1294 erwähnt einen M., den die Scholien als Pferdehändler identifizieren. Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) Bibliography PA 10033  Traill, PAA 646185 (vgl…

Licinius

(9,829 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Nadig, Peter C. (Duisburg) | Frigo, Thomas (Bonn) | Müller, Christian (Bochum) | Walde, Christine (Basel) | Et al.
Name der wohl bedeutendsten plebeischen Familie Roms. Die etr. Namensparallele lecne und die Verbindung der Gens nach Etrurien in histor. Zeit (L. [I 7]) deuten auf eine Herkunft aus dieser Region [1. 108, Anm. 3]; der Name kann aber auch lat. Ursprungs sein (Licinus). Schreibung mit n-Verdoppelung nicht nur in der griech Form Λικίννιος, sondern auch in lat. Inschr. [1. 108, Anm. 1]. In der annalist. Überl. zur Gesch. der frühen Republik erscheinen die Angehörigen unter den ersten Volkstribunen und erreichen mit dem Initiator der Licinisch-Sextischen Ges…

Hegesaretos

(40 words)

Author(s): Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)
[English version] (Ἡγησάρετος). Thessalier aus Larissa, von Cicero in einem Empfehlungsschreiben aus dem Jahr 46 v.Chr. als princeps civitatis bezeichnet (fam. 13,25). Führer der pompeianischen factio in Thessalien (Caes. civ. 3,35,2). Von Caesar vermutlich begnadigt. Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)

Eukrates

(113 words)

Author(s): Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Schmitz, Winfried (Bielefeld)
(Εὐκράτης). [English version] [1] Athenischer Stratege 432/1 v.Chr. Athenischer Stratege im J. 432/1 v.Chr. (IG I3 365.5), beteiligt an einem Feldzug nach Makedonien. Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) [English version] [2] Chorege und Stratege in Athen um 415 v. Chr. Chorege und Stratege in Athen. Bruder des Nikias. 415 v.Chr. wegen des Hermenfrevels angezeigt, aber wieder freigelassen (And. 1,47; 66). 412/1 als Stratege in Thrakien. 405/4 erneut Stratege, widersetzte er sich während der Blockade Athens mit anderen Strategen den von Theramenes …

Antonius

(4,132 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Kaster, Robert A. (Princeton) | Eck, Werner (Köln) | Nutton, Vivian (London)
Plebeischer Gentilname, nachweisbar vom 5. Jh. v. Chr. bis zum Ende der Ant. ([II 13] und [II 14] sind wohl gegen die Quellen keine Patrizier). Prominenz erlangte die Familie im 2. Jh. v. Chr. mit dem Redner M. Antonius [I 7] und seinen Nachkommen. Pseudogenealogie sah in Ἄντων, einem Heraklessohn, den Ahnherren (Plut. Ant. 4,2; 36,7; 60,5). I. Republik [English version] [I 1] A., A. Gesandter 168 v. Chr. Gesandter an Perseus nach der Schlacht von Pydna 168 v. Chr. wegen seiner Auslieferung (Liv. 45,4,7). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [I 2] A., C. Hybrida, cos. 6…

Bucilianus

(32 words)

Author(s): Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)
[English version] Teilnehmer an der Verschwörung gegen Caesar (App. civ. 2,474; 493). Kurze Erwähnung bei Cicero (Att. 16,4,4; 15,17,2) im Zusammenhang mit Fluchtplänen im Sommer 44 v.Chr. Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)

Hirtia

(94 words)

Author(s): Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)
[English version] Schwester des Hirtius, die Cicero im Jahre 46 v.Chr. nach der Scheidung von Terentia offenbar von ihrem Bruder als Ehefrau angetragen wurde. Cicero lehnte mit der Begründung, Ehe und Philosophie vertrügen sich nicht (Hieron. adv. Iovinianum 1,48), ab und heiratete die junge und reiche Publilia. Vermutlich bezieht sich auch ein Brief Ciceros (Att. 12,11) vom Nov. 46 auf H., in dem er Atticus mitteilte, er habe noch nie etwas Häßlicheres gesehen ( nihil vidi foedius). Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) Bibliography J. Kerschensteiner, Cicero und Hirtius, in: FS S. Lauffer,…

Actorius

(42 words)

Author(s): Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)
[English version] A. Naso, M., Verf. eines Werkes über Caesar bzw. seine Zeit. Es war offenbar gegen diesen gerichtet, beschuldigte ihn der Teilnahme an der sog. 1. Catilinarischen Verschwörung und enthielt auch Klatschgeschichten (Suet. Iul. 9,3; 52,1). Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)

Pompeius

(7,542 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) | Eck, Werner (Köln) | Albiani, Maria Grazia (Bologna) | Et al.
Name eines plebeiischen Geschlechtes (die Verbindung mit der campanischen Stadt Pompeii ist unklar). Die Familie erlangte mit P. [I 1] polit. Bed.; auf ihn führt sich der Zweig der Rufi zurück. Ein verwandter Zweig gelangte mit P. [I 8] zum Konsulat und stellte mit dessen Sohn Cn. P. [I 3] Magnus den bedeutendsten Angehörigen der gens. Beide Linien setzten sich bis in die frühe Kaiserzeit fort (Stammbäume: [1; 2; 3]). I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] P., Q. Consul 141 v. Chr. Wurde 141 v. Chr. als homo novus und beliebter Redner (Cic. Brut. 96) gegen den Widerstan…

Perikles

(2,159 words)

Author(s): Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Högemann, Peter (Tübingen)
(Περικλῆς). [English version] [1] Athenischer Politiker Athenischer Politiker. Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) [English version] A. Abstammung und frühe Karriere P. wurde als Sohn der Agariste [2] (nach Hdt. 6,131 träumte sie, einen Löwen zu gebären) aus der Familie der Alkmaionidai und des Xanthippos wohl zw. 495 und 490 v.Chr. geboren. Aus einer ersten Ehe besaß P. zwei Söhne (Xanthippos und Paralos [1]), aus der Verbindung mit der Milesierin Aspasia entstammt ein dritter, P. [2]. Die spätere Überl. zählt Anaxagoras [2],…

Lysikles

(97 words)

Author(s): Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)
[English version] (Λυσικλῆς). L. war ein Freund des Perikles und wie dieser Vertreter einer offensiven athen. Politik gegenüber Sparta (Aristoph. Equ. 765: Kleon-Vorgänger). Ein L. war (432 v.Chr. ?) Antragsteller eines Dekrets über Seerüstungen bzw. über den Apollon von Delos (IG I2 128 Z. 3; Ergänzungen in SEG 21, 37, IG I3 130a). Nach 429 v.Chr. heiratete L. Perikles' Witwe Aspasia (Plut. Perikles 24), 428/7 fiel er als Stratege in Karien (Thuk. 3,19,1f.). Aristophanes läßt ihn in den ‘Rittern als Kleinvieh(groß)händler auftreten (Aristoph. Equ. 132 mit schol.). Will, Wolfgang …

Drakontides

(146 words)

Author(s): Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Schmitz, Winfried (Bielefeld)
(Δρακοντίδης). [English version] [1] Athener, Kommandant im Peloponn. Krieg Athener, Sohn des Leogoras aus dem Demos Thorai; 446/5 v.Chr. epistátēs, 433/2 stratēgós und in dieser Eigenschaft einer der Kommandanten einer Hilfsflotte für Kerkyra im Herbst 433 (vgl. Thuk. 1,51,4; zur dortigen Textverderbnis [1. 95]). D. war entschiedener Gegner des Perikles und trug 430 zu dessen Absetzung bei (Plut. Perikles 32,3) [2]. Davies 4551. Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) Bibliography 1 S. Hornblower, Commentary 1, 1991 2 F.J. Frost, Pericles and Dracontides, in: JHS 84, 1964, 69-72. …

Caecilius

(6,027 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Eck, Werner (Köln) | Giaro, Tomasz (Frankfurt/Main) | Schmidt, Peter L. (Konstanz) | Et al.
Name einer plebeischen gens (wohl abgeleitet von Caeculus, ältere Form Caicilios, griech. Καικίλιος, Κεκίλιος; ThlL, Onom. 12-14), die angeblich bereits seit dem 5.Jh. bezeugt ist (seit C. [I 1]), aber erst seit dem 2.Jh. Bedeutung erlangte; ihr berühmtester Zweig waren die C. Metelli (I 10-32). Eine späte Konstruktion führte den Namen auf Caeculus, den sagenhaften Gründer von Praeneste, oder Caecas, einen Gefährten des Aeneas, zurück (Fest. p. 38). I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] C., Q. angeblich Volkstribun 439 v.Chr. angeblich Volkstribun 439 v.Chr. und A…

Calidius

(230 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)
Plebeischer Gentilname, seit dem 1.Jh. v.Chr. in Rom belegt (Schulze, 138; ThlL, Onom. 81f.). [English version] [1] C., M. Münzmeister 117 od. 116 v.Chr. Münzmeister 117 od. 116 v.Chr. (RRC 284) und vielleicht später praetor oder propraetor (IG VII 18, Z. 14). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [2] C., M. praetor 57 v.Chr. praetor 57 v.Chr., trat als solcher für die Rückkehr Ciceros aus dem Exil ein (Cic. p. red. in sen. 22) und hielt bei dieser Gelegenheit wohl die Rede de domo Ciceronis (Quint. inst. 10,1,23). 52 setzte er sich für T. Annius [I 14] Milo, den Mörd…

Fundanius

(270 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)
Weitverbreiteter röm. plebeischer Gentilname (Schulze 357, 533, 542). [English version] [1] F., C. Volkstribun 68 v.Chr. Volkstribun 68 v.Chr (?), einer der Urheber der lex Antonia de Termessibus (Roman Statutes 1, 1996, Nr. 19), gleichzeitig curator viarum (ILLRP 465a). Wohl identisch mit C.F., der 66 oder 65 von Cicero verteidigt wurde (Q. Cic. comm. petitionis 19) und 59 noch erwähnt wird (Cic. ad Q. fr. 1,2,10). Er dürfte auch der Schwiegervater des Antiquars M. Terentius Varro sein, der ihn als Dialogpartner in de re rustica einführt (1,2,1 u.ö.). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bib…
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