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[German version] [1] Jew.-Hell. historian Jewish-Hellenistic historian (mid 2nd cent. BC), probably identical with the E. mentioned in 1 Macc 8,17; in Palestine he wrote a work Περὶ τῶν ἐν τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ βασιλέων (‘On the Kings of Judea’). Fragments are extant because of the excerpts of  Alexander [23] Polyhistor in Euseb. Praep. evang. and Clem. Al.:  Moses was…

[German version] (Δώκ; Dṓk, Δαγών; Dagṓn). Fortress from the Hasmonean period north-west of Jericho, in which Simon Maccabaeus was murdered, together with his two sons, by his son-in-law Ptolemy (1 Macc. 16,15f.; Jos. Ant. Iud. 13,230; Bell. Iud. 1,56). Chariton founded a laura here in AD 340. The name is preserved in the spring Ain Dūk. Schwemer, Anna Maria (Tübingen) Bibliography C. Möller, G. Schmitt, Siedlungen Palästinas nach Flavius Josephus, TAVO B 14, 1976, 77f. Y. Hirschfeld, List of Byzantine Monasteries in the Judean Desert, in: FS Virgilio Corbo, 1990, 29ff. G. Schmitt…

[German version] In the 3rd-2nd cents. BC, A. wrote a ‘Moses novel’ in Egypt (Euseb. Praep. evang. 9,18. 23. 27).  Abraham (astrology), Joseph (agriculture, measures), and  Moses are portrayed as the first inventors. Egypt owes all cultural achievements and the animal cult to Moses, who is identified with Hermes-Thot and Musaeus. Desp…

(Hebrew ælāzār, ‘God has helped’; Greek Ἐλεάζαρος; Eleázaros, Λάζαρος; Lázaros). A name that is particularly common in priestly Jewish families (cf. 2 Macc 6,18-31; 4 Macc 5,1-7,23). [German version] [1] Son of Aaran and father of Pinhas Son of  Aaron and father …

[German version] [1] Priest A priest (Ezra 7,1-5; 7,12), who, on behalf of the Persian high king  Cyrus II, promulgated a legal code that was binding for the members of the Jerusalem cult (Ezra 7). According to theological history, E. came to Jerusalem in 458 or 398 BC with authority for the temple (Ezra 7:7), solved the problem of mixed marriages there (Ezra 9f.) and later gave a definitive reading of the Torah (Neh 8-10). The description ‘E. the scribe’ (Ezra 7:11; Neh 8:1 et passim) resulted in E…

[German version] [1] Epic poet of the island of Proconnesus in the Propontis. The Suda places him in the period of Croesus and Cyrus. In his epic Ἀριμάσπεια ( Arimáspeia), A. tells of his travels into the land of the Scythes and of the Issedones, who lived further north. According to Hdt. 4,13-15, it was the Issedones who told A. about the one-eyed Arimaspeans, about the griffins who guarded the gold, and about the Hyperboreans. A. added to this description of mythical and historical peoples and places an exp…

(Δωσίθεος; Dōsítheos). [German version] [1] Jewish apostate Son of Drimylos, Jewish apostate. He is supposed to have saved the life of Ptolemy IV Philopator before the battle at Raphia (217 BC)(3 Macc. 1,3). Around 240 BC he was one of the two leaders of the royal …

(Ἄλκιμος; Álkimos). [German version] [5] Latinus A. Alethius Rhetorician, writer of panagyrics and poet Appears as a famous rhetorician (probably based on a catalogue of model speeches from Bordeaux) in  Sidonius, where he is praised for his oratorical …

[German version] [1] First spouse of M.  Antonius [I 9] Daughter of C. Antonius Hybrida, cousin and spouse of M.  Antonius [I 9], who divorced her in 47 BC under the pretext of adultery with P. Cornelius Dolabella (Cic. Phil. 2,99; Plut. Ant. 9,1-2). Stegmann, Helena (Bonn) …

(Δημήτριος; Dēmḗtrios). Well-known personalities: the Macedonian King D. [2] Poliorketes; the politician and writer D. [4] of Phalerum; the Jewish-Hellenistic chronographer D. [29]. I. Politically active personalities [German version] [1] Officer under Alexander the Great Officer under Alexander [4], fought at Gaugamela as commander of a troop ( ile) of  Hetairoi and in India he commanded a hipparchy. Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) Bibliography Berve 2, no. 256. [German version] [2] D. Poliorketes Son of  Antigonus [1], born 337/6 BC (Diod. Sic. 19,96,1). In 320 he married  Phila, who bore him  Antigonus [2]. He took part in the war against  Eumenes [1]. As commander against  Ptolemaeus he was decisively beaten at Gaza. A campaign against the Nabataei was likewise unsuccessful. After the peace of 311, Antigonus sent him to defend the eastern satrapies against  Seleucus (Diod. Sic. 19,100, with an erroneous chronology). He occupied Babylon but when Ptolemy invaded Asia Mino…