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[German Version] (metropolitan of Chalcedon; secular name: Sotirios Hacis; 1913, Istanbul – ¶ Dec 27, 1989, Istanbul). After his studies at the theological college at Chalki, he worked for more than half a century in the ecumenical patriarchate, first as deacon (1934–1941) and assistant secretary to the Holy Synod (1938–1941), priest (1941–1950) and vicar general of Patriarch Maximos V (1947–1950), then as bishop of the patriarchate (1950–1989). After his election as metropolitan of Imbros and Tenedos (1950–…

[German Version] I. Church History – II. Denominations – III. Diakonia Today I. Church History 1. General In Protestantism the act of Christian love in the form of care for the poor (Poor, Care of the) has long played an important role. After decreasing in importance in the thought of theology and the church in the 18th century and also diminishing in its practical …

[German Version] (secular name: Michael Mouskos; Aug 13, 1913, Ano Panayia, district of Paphos – Aug 3, 1977, Nicosia) was a prominent personality in the recent history of Cyprus. He became a novice in Kikkos Monastery at the age of 13, was ordained deacon in 1938, priest in 1946, and consecrated bishop of Kition in 1948. He studied theology, jurisprudence, and sociology in Athens and Boston. Elected archbishop of Cyprus in 1950 as Makarios III, he assumed the leadership as ethnarch (“leader of the nation”) of the island's Greek population group who aimed to achieve the enosis (union) of t…