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(Μακρόβιοι; Makróbioi, Lat. Macrobii). [German version] [1] According to Herodotus 'the long-lived Ethiopians' According to Herodotus, Cambyses had also the intention of campaigning against the ‘long-living Ethiopians’ (μακροβίους Αἰθίοπας, Hdt. 3,17,1), who lived on the ‘southern sea’ (νοτίῃ θαλάσσῃ, Hdt. l.c.; cf. also Hdt. 3,21-23). Since this notíēi thalássēi (νοτίῃ θαλάσσῃ) of Herodotus' is lost in mythical darkness, it is useless to speculate on the locales of the ‘long-living Ethiopians’, who are occasionally incorrectly separated from the other Ethiopians. Some ancient authors have done so nevertheless, within the framework of their world view, e.g. …

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Colonization | Macedonia, Macedones | Persian Wars | Delian League (Μένδη; Méndē). Town on the western coast of Pallene [4] near the modern Kalandra on the Chalcidian Peninsula, a colony of Eretria [1] which owed its blossoming from the 6th century BC to a …

[German version] (Γίγωνος; Gígōnos). The town situated close to Cape Gigonis, that is probably to be found north-west of modern Nea Kallikrateia on the west coast of the Chalcidian Peninsula, is mentioned in Hdt. 7,123,2 with regard to the campaign of Xe…

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[German version] I. Persons (Δίων; Díōn) Meister, Klaus (Berlin) [German version] [I 1] Close friend of Plato and defender of his philosophy Son of Hipparinus, brother-in-law and son-in-law of Dionysius I of Syracuse, b. 409 BC, close friend of Plato and defender of his philosophy since Plato's first visit to Syracuse in 388. He gained prestige and wealth as Dionysius' I' trusted friend and advisor and also remained an influential person under Dionysius II. In 366, he arbitrated the peace with Carthage and called Pl…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Delian League (Σερμυλία/ Sermylía). City on the right bank of the Chavrias to the south of modern Ormilia at the northern end of the Gulf of Torone (Hdt. 7,122; Scyl. 66). The earliest evidence for S. is on silver coins minted in the 6th cent. BC (HN 207). Judging by the magnitude of its tribute during its membership of the Delian League (ATL 400 f.), varying between three and seven talents, S. was after Torone the most important Chalcidian city. …

(Στρατονίκη; Stratoníkē). [German version] [1] Daughter of Alexander [2] I, c. 500 BC Daughter of the Macedonian king Alexander [II 2] I. In the winter of 429/8 BC, she was married by her brother Perdiccas [2] II to Seuthes [1], nephew of the Odrysian king Sitalces [1], in exchange for Seuthes' having achieved the withdrawal of Thracian troops from Macedonia (Thuc. 2,101,5 f.). Zahrnt, Michael (Kiel) [German version] [2] Wife of Antigonus [1], 4th cent. BC Daughter of one Corrhagus, married to Antigonus [1], mother of Demetrius [2] Poliorketes and a Philippus, who died…

(Ἀρριδαῖος; Arrhidaîos) [German version] [1] Ruler of Upper-Macedonian Elimea (5th cent. AD) Son or son-in-law of Macedonian king  Amyntas [1] I and ruler of the Upper Macedonian region of Elimea (schol. Thuc. 1,57,3). Zahrnt, Michael (Kiel) Bibliography F. Geyer, Makedonien bis zur Thronbesteigung Philipps II., 1930, 78f. HM, Vol. 2, 18f. [German version] [2] Father of King Amyntas [3] III (2nd half 5th cent. AD) Son of Amyntas, grandson of the Macedonian king Alexander [2] I and father of King Amyntas [3] III (Syll.3 135, 157; Diod. Sic. 15.60.3). Zahrnt, Michael (Kiel) Bibliography…

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[German version] (Τίνδ; Tíndē). A city, probably inland but not precisely located, which, on the evidence of the Athenian tribute lists (ATL 1, 424 f.), was one of the cities of the Crusis that were forced to join the Delian League in 434/3 BC and seceded in 432. T. was a member of the Chalcidian League from before the middle of the 4th cent. BC (Steph. Byz. s. v. Τίνδιον). Zahrnt, Michael (Kiel) Bibliography M. Zahrnt, Olynth und die Chalkidier, 1971, 247.

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Delian League (Σίγγος/ Síngos). City on the gulf named after it, on the isthmus of Sithonia at modern Agios Nikolaos. After its mention during the campaign of Xerxes I (Hdt. 7,122), it appears in the Athenian tribute lists, usually with two talents (ATL 1, 402 f.). In 432/1 BC the city seceded from Athens and lost the greater part of its inhabitants to Olynthus. After fighting took place in its territory (IG I3 1184), it was regained by the Athenians and in the Peace of Nicias in 421 (Peloponnesian War D.) was dec…

[German version] (Λήκυθος; Lḗkythos). In 423 BC the Spartan commander Brasidas conquered the fort of L. - mentioned only in Thuc. 4,113-116 - in the area of the town of Torone on the Chalcidic peninsula. Zahrnt, Michael (Kiel)

(Μενέλαος/Menélaos, Attic Μενέλεως/Menéleos; Latin Menelaus). [German version] [1] Ruler of Sparta, married to Helena A significant character in the cycle of myths about the Trojan War ( Troy: Cycle of myths). A younger brother of Agamemnon, who ruled the most significant power centre in Greek myth, Mycene, by marriage to Zeus's daughter Helen ( Helene [1]; their only child was a daughter, Hermione) M. became king of a region in the Eurotas valley with its capital Sparta and Amyclae [1], which was significant…

(Ἀέροπος; Aéropos). [German version] [1] Brother of the founder of the Macedonian royal dynasty According to Hdt. 8,137,1 brother of the founder of the Macedonian royal dynasty. Zahrnt, Michael (Kiel) [German version] [2] I. fourth king of the Macedonians (c. middle of the 6th cent.) A. I, according to Hdt. 8,139 fourth king of the Macedonians ( c. middle of the 6th cent.), probably to be regarded as historical. Zahrnt, Michael (Kiel) Bibliography HM, vol. 2, 4. [German version] [3] II. king of the Macedonians (beginning 4th cent. BC) A. II, between 400/399 and c. 394 guardian of Orestes…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Dark Ages | Colonization | Macedonia, Macedones | Macedonia, Macedones | Peloponnesian War | Persian Wars | Delian League | Athenian League (Second) (Τορώνη/ Torṓnē). A city, located at the modern village of Toroni (Hdt. 7,122; Scyl. 66), dominating the whole southern part of Sithonia, the middle finger-like promontory of the Chalcidian peninsula. Its significance in Antiquity was primarily due to an excellent harbour, still in use today, in a bay on the southwest…

I. Sanctuary [German version] A. Etymology and definition The word νυμφαῖον/ nymphaîon is first attested in the 4th cent. BC, on Delos (IG XI,2,144, A l. 91). It originally designated a sanctuary of the nymphs. A nymphaeum is first attested in Itanus on Crete in the 3rd cent. BC together with a water reservoir (ILS 9458). The Latinised form …

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[German version] (Κρουσίς; Krousís). This region named in Hdt. 7,123,2, Thuc. 2,79,4, Str. 7, fr. 21 and Steph. Byz. s.v., lay to the north of  Bottice on the north-west coast of the Chalcidic peninsula between cape Megalo Karaburnu and Nea Kallikrateia. Its coastal towns Aenea, Smila, Scapsa, Gigonus and Haisa are mentioned alr…

[German version] (Ῥαίκηλος; Rhaíkēlos). According to Aristot. Ath. pol. 15,2, Peisistratus [4] and the Eretrieis (Eretria [1]) colonised a χωρίον/ chōríon ('spot') on the Thermaean Gulf (Thermaios Kolpos) called R., which, on the basis of Lycoph. 1236 f., scholars have from time to time identified with Aenea. In fact, …

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Athenian League (Second) (Δίκαια; Díkaia). This colony of  Eretria was probably founded in the middle of the 6th cent. BC with the help of Peisistratus; it lay east of Aineia in the interior, probably near Trilofo. As late as the early years of the Peloponnesian War it was a member of the  Delian League. It was able to keep its autonomy into the first half of the 4th cent., becoming Macedonian no later than 349/8. Its later history is unknown.…