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Apel, Hans Jürgen (Bayreuth RWG) [German version] A. Term (CT) Since the early 19th cent., the term 'teacher' has in Germany denoted persons employed at schools to give instruction to children and young people in officially approved subjects. Appointment to a teaching post in Germany is subject to possession of a document proving professional qualifications by examination. Teachers are expected to instruct and educate their pupils, keeping to the prescribed syllabus (Course of Instruction), carrying out o…

Apel, Hans Jürgen (Bayreuth RWG) [German version] A. Concept (CT) The humanist gymnasium (HG) is a type of secondary school intended to foster the education of young people in the sense of a "thorough intellectual development" through the "analysis of literarily formed humanity" [6. 312]. Traditionally, the curriculum of the HG includes the study of the ancient languages--Latin and Greek. The institution is regarded as 'humanistic' because the education of young people is based on the instruction in Class…

Apel, Hans Jürgen (Bayreuth RWG) [German version] A. The Concept (CT) In general, the phrase course[s] of instruction (CI) designates a plan in educational administration in which the goals of formation and education, as well as the learning contents for a type of school are combined though year-long courses into various subjects and transdisciplinary focal points. CI thus provide official information on what subjects should be taught and learned in a socio-historical situation, as well as when and for what purp…

Apel, Hans Jürgen (Bayreuth RWG) [German version] A. Concept (CT) Exam Guidelines (EG) are statutory provisions in which prerequisites and methods for admission to and conduct of the examination are stipulated, as are the content requirements of the examination and the guidelines for its assessment. These contain, both as to content and form, the prerequisites by which candidates are admitted to the exam as well as the conditions under which the examination may be passed and a specific qualification award…

Apel, Hans Jürgen (Bayreuth RWG) I. Germany (CT) [German version] A. Definition (CT) Methodical instruction in the classical languages Latin and Greek (in earlier times also Hebrew) as well as guided reading and interpretation of Latin and Greek texts is designated as instruction in the classics. Apel, Hans Jürgen (Bayreuth RWG) [German version] B. History (CT) Classical languages have been taught since ancient times, when Greek was studied in Rome. In medieval preparatory schools/Latin schools, Latin was the focus of instruction. Grammar, rhetoric a…

Apel, Hans Jürgen (Bayreuth) RWG I. Deutschland (RWG) [English version] A. Begriff (RWG) Die methodische Vermittlung der ant. Sprachen Lat. und Griech. (früher auch Hebräisch) sowie die angeleitete Lektüre und Interpretation lat. sowie griech. Texte bezeichnet man als A.U. Apel, Hans Jürgen (Bayreuth) RWG [English version] B. Geschichte (RWG) Unterricht in den alten Sprachen gibt es seit der Ant., als in Rom Griech. erlernt wurde. In den ma. Gelehrtenschulen bildete der Lateinunterricht das Zentrum der Belehrung. Gramm., Rhet. und Dialektik w…

Apel, Hans Jürgen (Bayreuth) RWG [English version] A. Begriff (RWG) Das H. G. ist jene Form der höheren Schule, in der die Bildung junger Menschen als ‘geistige Durchformung’ durch die ‘Auseinandersetzung mit lit. geformter Humanität’ [6. 312] angeregt wird. Traditionell gehört zum Lehrprogramm des H. G. das Studium der alten Sprachen, Lat. und Griech. Als “human.” gilt diese Institution, weil in ihr die Bildung junger Menschen ihre Grundlage durch einen altsprachlichen Unterricht erhält und über weitere …