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[German Version] is the central figure in the Old Testament story of the Flood (Gen 6–9), a classic example of Israel’s knowledge and borrowing of material from its ancient Near Eastern neighbors. The Mesopotamian flood narratives (the Sumerian flood story, the epics of Atrahasis and Gilgamesh) resemble the biblical account most closely. Gen 5:29 interprets the name Noah as deriving from the verb נָחַם/ nāḥam a…

[German Version] I. Religious Studies Examination of repentance from the perspective of religious studies must confront the problem that the term itself has no culturally neutral meaning. Many of the phenomena in other religions that Christians tend to call repentance appear in a different light when viewed in the context of different anthropological presuppositions, ¶ so that due weight must be given to the religious anthropology in question. Generally speaking, it is true to say that in almost all non-Christian religions the notion of repentance carries less weight than in Christianity. If we keep this fundamental difference in mind, we can speak more freely of repentance in non-Christian religions as well. From the perspective of religious studies, we can point to structural analogies in other religions without prematurely suggesting …

[German Version] I. Resurrection of the Dead 1. History of religions a. Resurrection as a religious category. The concept of resurrection…

[German Version] I. Religious Studies – II. Bible – III. History of Doctrine and Dogmatics – IV. Judaism – V. Islam – VI. Buddhism – VII. History of Art and Literature …

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[German Version] I. History of Religions – II. Old Testament – III. Judaism – IV. Christianity – V. Dogmatics – VI. Islam I. History of Religions The terms messiah and messianism…

[German Version] I. Religious Studies – II. Old Testament – III. New Testament – IV. Dogmatics – V. Practical Theology I. Religious Studies The term calling or “call” refers to a person's experience of being grasped by a divine or other superhuman power and being taken into its service. The concept thus relates closely to that of election; at the same time, a calling can be seen as a kind of initiation that can precede or follow a longer period of instruction and maturation. The early…

[German Version] The term “Old Testament” reflects the New Testament perspective on the relation of Christianity to the sacred scriptures of Judaism and the tradition common to the two religions, found in the collection of God’s revelations and instructions to Israel, its experiences in history, and its reactions to God’s revealed will, handed down in the three-part …

[German Version] I. Old Testament – II. New Testament – III. Antiquity – IV. Middle Ages and the Modern Period I. Old Testament 1. Terminology and boundaries The terminology used for the land of Israel (cf. Israel), in the sense of the OT view of the land itself, and the definition of its borders varies greatly. The texts appear in the context of particular literary and theological concepts in which “the land” constitutes a thematic focus. Hebrew has two words for land: (a) אֶרֶץ/ ʾereṣ, denoti…

[English Version] I. ReligionswissenschaftlichDie Gesch. des Begriffs P. ist für die Bestimmung seiner Bedeutung aufschlußreich. Die Bez. P., die von altir. *paridaēza, wörtl. »Umwallung«, abgeleitet ist, erscheint als Lehnwort in vielen anderen Sprachen: z.B. als akkad. pardēsu, hebr. פַּרְדֵּס/pardes oder griech. παρα´δεισος/para´deisos. Diese Begriffe bezeichnen einen eingefriedeten Park, eine Gartenanlage (vgl. Xenophon, Anabasis VI 29,4) und in der Achämenidenzeit speziell die königliche Domäne). Erst in der LXX, durch die Verwen…

[English Version] ist die zentrale Gestalt der atl. Sintfluterzählung (Gen 6–9; Sintflut), die als klassisches Beispiel für die Kenntnis und Übernahme ao. Stoffe aus Israels Umwelt steht. Dabei weisen die mesopotamischen Fluterzählungen (sum. Fluterzählung, Atramḫası̄s- und Gilgamesch-Epos) die größte Nähe zur bibl. Darstellung auf.Der Name N. wird in Gen 5,29 durch das Verb נָחַם/nāḥam, »er wird uns trösten«, gedeutet. Wahrscheinlicher ist, daß der Name entsprechend der LXX-Lesart dieser Ste…