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German ancient historian. Born Ulm 6. 4. 1923, died Marburg 28. 3. 2008. 1948–1954, after war service and captivity, studied history and classics at Zurich and Tübingen, especially with Ernst Meyer and Joseph Vogt; doctorate 1953 in Tübingen on Drusus the Elder. Worked at Kommission für Alte Geschichte in Munich; from 1958 assistant to Fritz Taeger at Univ. of Marburg; 1959 habil. there. [3]. 1959 priv.-doz., 1965–1988 prof. ord. of ancient history there. Work and influence At first, C. focused on the conflicts between the Romans and the Germans [2] and on numismatics […

Swiss art historian and ancient historian. Born Basel 25. 5. 1818, died there 8. 8. 1897. Studied especially theology from 1837 at Univ. of Basel, then philology at Berlin from 1839. 1843 doctorate at Basel in absentia. 1844 postdoctoral habil. 1845 prof. ext. Basel. 1855–1858 prof. of art history at Eidgenössisches Polytechnikum Zürich, 1858–1893 prof. of history and art history at Univ. of Basel. Scholarly background B. was born into an august Basel family. His father, of the same name, was antistes of the Münsterkirche and hence the head of the church in Ba…

A. IntroductionA great many central civil institutions are known from Late Antiquity, and the most important of them are described systematically here. It may seem that the system can be deduced from the  Notitia dignitatum (a disjointed survey of the Roman tradition that may have been edited around 425, but contains earlier and often contentious material) [19], but this can lead to misconceptions. At no time was any system of offices intended as permanent devised and implemented. Although the era of Diocletian and Constantine was certainly a key phase in their d…

Baltic German ancient historian. Born Riga 2. 2. 1850, died Münster 29. 6. 1921. After briefly studying natural sciences at Dorpat, and under the influence of reading Theodor Mommsen’s Römische Geschichte, changed to study history at Univ. of Berlin. Doctorate there 1872 [1]; and habil. 1878, for an edition of the works of Symmachus [3]. 1881 appointed to Greifswald (also thanks to Mommsen’s patronage). Taught only Roman history there until 1883 (departure of Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff); thereafter also Greek history. Moved to Münster 1907. Work and influence Contrary to t…

German ancient historian. Born Aalen 9. 12. 1885, died Kirchheim 8. 1. 1965. Studied history and classical philology at Tübingen, Berlin, Munich and Strasbourg, his teachers including Eduard Meyer, Ernst Kornemann and Karl Johannes Neumann, who supervised his doctorate, which he took in 1911 at Strasbourg with a thesis on the legislation and Imperial administration of the Emperor Julian. He thereafter taught in a Gymnasium. After war service and ¶ his return from captivity in France, he was an assistant master at the Gymnasium Philippinum in Marburg. Habil. 1923 at Marburg Univ…

Dt. Althistoriker. Geb. am 9. 12. 1885 in Aalen, gest. am 8. 1. 1965 in Kirchheim. Studium der Gesch. und Klass. Phil. in Tübingen, Berlin, München und Straßburg, u. a. bei Eduard Meyer, Ernst Kornemann und Karl Johannes Neumann, bei dem er 1911 in Straßburg über das Thema Kaiser Julians Gesetzgebungswerk und Reichsverwaltung promoviert wurde . Danach Gymnasiallehrer; nach Kriegsdienst und Rückkehr aus franz. Kriegsgefangenschaft (1920) Studienrat am Gymnasium Philippinum in Marburg; 1923 Habil. an der dortigen Univ. [1]. Ab 1930 Prof. für Alte…

Dt. Althistoriker baltischer Herkunft. Geb. am 2. 2. 1850 in Riga, gest. am 29. 6. 1921 in Münster. Nach kurzen Studium der Naturwiss. in Dorpat Wechsel – unter dem Eindruck der Lektüre von Theodor Mommsens Römischer Geschichte – zum Studium der Gesch. an die Univ. Berlin; Prom. 1872 ebda. [1]; Habil. 1878 ebda. mit einer Edition der Werke des Symmachus [3]. 1881 Berufung nach Greifswald (auch dank der Patronage Mommsens); dort bis 1883 (Weggang von Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff) Lehre lediglich der röm. Gesch.; erst danach auch der griech. Gesch. 1907 Wechsel nach Münster. Werk…

Dt. Althistoriker. Geb. am 6. 4. 1923 in Ulm, gest. am 28. 3. 2008 in Marburg. 1948–1954, nach Krieg und Gefangenschaft, Studium von Gesch. und Alt.wiss. in Zürich und Tübingen, v. a. bei Ernst Meyer und Joseph Vogt; Prom. 1953 in Tübingen über den älteren Drusus. Tätigkeit an der Kommission für Alte Gesch. in München; ab 1958 Assistent Fritz Taegers an der Univ. Marburg; 1959 Habil. ebda. [3]. 1959 Dozent, 1965–1988 o.Prof. für Alte Gesch. ebda. Werk und Wirkung Zunächst lag Ch.s Schwerpunkt auf den Auseinandersetzungen zwischen Römern und Germanen [2] sowie auf der …

Schweizer Kunst- und Althistoriker. Geb. am 25. 5. 1818 in Basel, gest. am 8. 8. 1897 ebda. Ab 1837 Studium v. a. der Theologie an der Univ. Basel, ab 1839 der Philologie in Berlin; 1843 Prom. in Basel in absentia; 1844 Habil. 1845 ao.Prof. ebda.; 1855–1858 Prof. für Kunstgesch. am Eidgenössischen Polytechnikum Zürich, 1858–1893 Prof. für Gesch. und Kunstgesch. an der Univ. Basel. Wissenschaftlicher Werdegang B. entstammte einer altangesehenen Basler Familie. Sein gleichnamiger Vater war Antistes der Münsterkirche und damit Vorsteher der Basler Geistlich…

[English version] (στρατιωτικά, Plur. = sa., στρατιωτικόν, Sing. = sn.). Die sa. waren Finanzmittel für mil. Zwecke der Stadt Athen aus einem Fonds (dem sn.), der histor. eng mit der Entwicklung der Festkasse ( theōrikón ) verbunden war. Das sn. diente verm. dazu, in Kriegszeiten die Ausgaben flexibel handhaben zu können, in Abweichung vom starren System der üblichen Aufteilung des Steueraufkommens ( merismós). Zugleich dürfte das sn. als Gegengewicht zum theōrikón gedient haben. Ein Finanzposten mit dieser Bezeichnung ist zuerst in den 370er (Ps.-Demosth. or. 49,12 …

A. AllgemeinesAus der Spätantike ist eine große Zahl von zentralen zivilen Institutionen bekannt; die wichtigsten werden hier systematisch dargestellt. Diese Gliederung kann sich scheinbar auf die Notitia dignitatum (ein uneinheitlicher Überblick über die röm. Tradition, der vielleicht um 425 redigiert wurde, aber älteres und oft umstrittenes Material enthält) berufen [19], was indes zu Missverständnissen führen kann. Denn es gab kein System der Ämter, das zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt konzipiert und eingerichtet worden wäre, um dann für längere Zeit Besta…

I. Haupttypen [English version] A. Griechenland Grundlegend für das griech. Schauwesen ist die Unterscheidung zw. gymnischen, hippischen und musischen Agonen (Wettbewerbe). Alle Spiele erwuchsen aus dem Kult, sei es der Toten oder der Götter; sie blieben dem Kult verhaftet und finden anläßlich von Festen statt (Fest, Festkultur). Die Veranstaltung von gymnischen und hippischen Spielen (z. B. Wagenrennen, Hom. Il. 23,257-538; Sportfeste), aber auch von chorischen Agonen (Hom. Od. 8,256-366) ist bereits…

[English version] [1] procos. africae 379 n. Chr. 379 n. Chr. procos. Africae, 380-382 Praetorianerpraefekt, 381 cos. Die Zuordnung der Ämter ist strittig, da zu derselben Zeit S. [2] hervortritt. Leppin, Hartmut [English version] [2] Korrespondent des Q. A. Symmachus [4] Eusebius, 4. Jh. 369 n. Chr. als notarius in Unehren entlassen; 379-381 (?) magister officiorum, 381 Stadtpraefekt in Rom, 382 cos. Korrespondent des Q. A. Symmachus [4] Eusebius. Leppin, Hartmut Bibliography Clauss, 192 f.  A. Demandt, Die Konsuln der Jahre 381 und 382 namens S., in: ByzZ 64, 1971, 38-45  PLRE …

[English version] Gallo-röm. Freund des Sidonius Apollinaris. Obwohl Katholik, war er seit etwa 471 n. Chr. im Dienst des arianischen Westgoten Euricus. Die Titel dux und comes sind für ihn bezeugt. Er trug Verantwortung super septem civitates in Aquitania I und nach dessen Unterwerfung durch die Westgoten ab ca. 475 auch für Augustonemetum (Clermont). V. trat durch Kirchenbaustiftungen hervor. Seine Selbstherrlichkeit und sein ausschweifender Lebensstil machten ihn verdächtig, so daß er nach Rom auswich, wo er (479?) ermordet wurde (PLRE 2, 1162-1164, Nr. 4). Leppin, Hartmut

[English Version] Theodosius I., der Große (11.1.347 Spanien – 17.1.395 Mailand). Th. wurde 378, während der durch die Niederlage gegen die Goten in Adrianopel ausgelösten Krise, Heermeister und am 19.1.379 Augustus im Ostteil des Reiches. 389 besiegte er den Usurpator Maximus und war faktisch Herrscher über das gesamte Imperium Romanum, auch wenn Valentinian II. senior Augustus blieb; bis 392 wirkte er im Westen. 394 kehrte er dorthin zurück, besiegte den Usurpator Eugenius und war auch formal Herrscher über das Reich, das nach seinem Tod nicht mehr vereint wurde. Th.' Außenpo…

[English Version] Orosius, Paulus (?) ( von Braga; bezeugt 414–418), aus dem iberischen Bracara stammender Presbyter, der 414 nach Afrika kam. Als Vertrauter Augustins brachte er Schriften zu Hieronymus nach Jerusalem, wo er als Vorkämpfer gegen den Pelagianismus (Pelagius/Pelagianer) auftrat. Wieder in Afrika, profilierte er sich weiter als Gegner des Pelagianismus. Neben antihäretischen Schriften (Liber Apologeticus, Commonitorium de errore Priscillianistarum et Origenistarum) vf. O. als sein bedeute…

[German Version] (of Braga; attested 414–418), a presbyter from Iberian Bracara who went to Africa in 414. He was close to Augustine, and took documents to Jerome in Jerusalem, where he became an early ¶ opponent of Pelagianism (Pelagius). On his return to Africa he became more prominent in his opposition to Pelagianism. In addition to anti-heretical writings ( Liber Apologeticus, Commonitorium de errore Priscillianistarum et Origenistarum), Orosius wrote his most important work, the Historiarum adversum paganos in seven books, which he completed in 416–417/418, with en…

[German Version] (or fulminatrix, fulminea), literally “thunderbolt legion,” the name given to the Twelfth Legion since the time of Augustus. The name is associated with a meteorological miracle: during the Marcomannic Wars, thanks to a prayer, a thunderstorm blew up that saved the Roman army from dying of thirst and drove back the enemy. The event itself is probably historical, since it is represented on the column of Marcus Aurelius. Interpretations varied according to the religion of the interpre…

[German Version] (Jan 11, 347, Spain – Jan 17, 395, Milan). In 378, during the crisis precipitated by the defeat by the Goths at Adrianopolis, Theodosius was appointed magister militum; on Jan 19, 379, he was appointed co-Augustus for the eastern part of the Empire. In 389 he defeated the usurper Maximus and became de facto ruler of the entire Roman Empire, though Valentinian II remained the senior Augustus. He was active in the West until 392; in 394 he returned to the West, defeated the usurper Eugenius, and was now formally ruler of the Empire, which was never again united after his death. His …

[German version] (Χρυσάφιος; Chrysáphios). Chrysaphius qui et Ztummas, eunuch. Under  Theodosius II he was praepositus sacri cubiculi as first eunuch also called spatharius. After  Cyrus was overthrown, he supposedly had decisive influence on the emperor, repelling all rivals by unethical means. In AD 449 C. planned to assassinate  Attila. This was uncovered, but he had enough influence to avoid being surrendered to the Huns. In the Nestorian controversy he supported his godfather  Eutyches against the Orthodox party…

[German version] Belonged to the circle associated with Symmachus, with whom he corresponded (Symmachus, Ep. 5,17-33). Governor of Liguria; in AD 391-393 vicarius in Africa, then indicted and acquitted; attested until 396 but no longer in an office, probably not a Christian. PLRE 1, 533. Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)

(Εύδοξία; Eudoxía) [German version] [1] Wife of Arcadius, see Aelia [4] Wife of Arcadius, Augusta from AD 400 onwards; see  Aelia [4]. Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) [German version] [2] Licinia E. Wife of Valentinianus III and Augusta Born in AD 422; daughter of  Theodosius II and  Eudocia [1]. From 424 engaged to be married to  Valentinianus III , from 437 married. Two daughters:  Eudocia [2] and  Placidia. 439 Augusta. Promoted the building of churches in Rome. It is hard to judge the extent of her influence on the court but presu…

[German version] (Φαλέας; Phaléas) of Chalcedon. Greek thinker (5th cent. or 1st half of the 4th cent. BC) who concerned himself with polis structures but should probably not be regarded as one of the Sophists. On the basis of the little information that Aristotle [6] (Pol. 2,7,1266a 39-1267b 21; 1274b 9; cf. Diels/Kranz 39,1) provides in a polemical and perhaps distorted form, P. (neglecting warfare) developed a highly differentiated concept of the polis based on the idea - allegedly formulated by…

[German version] (στρατιωτικά, pl. = stratiōtiká, στρατιωτικόν, sing. = stratiōtikón). The stratiotika were financial resources available for military purposes in the city of Athens from a fund (the stratiotikon) which was historically closely connected with the development of the festival fund ( theōrikón ). The stratiotikon probably served the flexible management of expenditure in times of war, freeing it from the rigidity of the usual system for distributing tax incomes ( merismós). The stratiotikon may also have served as a counterweight to the theorikon. The first pieces o…

[German version] Collection, now dispersed but at the time comprising 61 items, of non-literary Latin texts on papyrus from the period AD 433 - c. 700, the predominant majority of which probably belonged to an archive in Ravenna. The RP are an important source for the social, economic and administrative history of Italy in the transition period from Antiquity to the Middle Ages. Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) Bibliography J.-O. Tjäder, Die nicht-literarischen Papyri Italiens aus der Zeit 445-700, 2 vols., 1955, 1982  Papyrus Erzherzog Rainer. FS zum 100j. Bestehen der Papyrus-Sa…

[German version] [1] Consul 367 AD Assigned to Iulianus [11] as Magister Equitum per Gallias, L. fought against the Alamanni in AD 359 and against the Scots and Picts in 360. L. was imprisoned by Julian as a potential opponent. Iovianus made him mag. equitum per Orientem in 363. In 365/6 in this office he was involved in the suppression of the usurpation of Procopius against Valens. In 367 Consul. Christ. PLRE 1520f. Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) [German version] [2] Comes rei militaris per Thracias in 377 AD Product of the schola gentilium, in AD 377 comes rei militaris per Thracias. L. drove t…

[German version] (Also delicia, esp. on inscriptions [2]; but cf. [1. 2437]; see also Plut. Anton. 59,4, delicium, delicati). Children, mostly of unfree origin, who lived in rich households for the entertainment of their owners, particularly during the Imperial period. They were brought up in the paedagogium. The pupulus in Catull. 56,5 might be understood as an early example. They were esp. valued for their garrulitas, their impertinent loquacity (Suet. Aug. 83; Sen. De constantia sapientis 11,3; Stat. Silv. 2,1,45). Beautiful, beardless, long-haired boys (…

Cognomen e.g. of the Atilii, Calpurnii, Iulii, Virii. [German version] [1] AD 418 praef. praetorio II in Gallia [1] AD 418 praef. praetorio II in Gallia [1], 421 cos. (PLRE 2, 36 f.) Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) [German version] [2] Son of the emperor  Avitus, 5th cent. AD Son of the emperor  Avitus (AD 455/6), brother of Ecdicius and Papianilla. He probably held a high office ( vir inlustris), later he became a clergyman; he was correspondent of his brother-in-law  Sidonius Apollinaris (epist. 1,2; 2,12; PLRE 2, 37 A. 2). Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) Bibliography 1 R. v. Haehling, Religio…

[German version] [1] Father of the emperors Valens and Valentinianus The father of emperors  Valens and  Valentinianus. Born near Cibalae. A man of low origins who rose in the military: between AD 305 and 316 he was protector domesticus in Salona, in about 321 tribunus in Illyricum, later comes in Africa and Britain. In 350/1 he was as a private person host to the usurper  Magnentius and was punished with confiscation of his property. His sons arranged for an honourable memorial. PLRE 1, 400f. Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) [German version] [2] Flavius G. West-Rom. emperor AD 367-383 Roman emp…

[German version] [1] Procos. Africae in 379 AD In AD 379 procos. Africae, in 380-382 praetorian prefect, in 381 cos. The assignment of offices is debatable, since S. [2] became prominent at the same time. Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) [German version] [2] Correspondent of Q. A. Symmachus [4] Eusebius, 4th cent. In AD 369 dishonourably dismissed as a notarius; in 379-381 (?) magister officiorum, in 381 city prefect in Rome, in 382 cos. Correspondent of Q. A. Symmachus [4] Eusebius. Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) Bibliography Clauss, 192 f.  A. Demandt, Die Konsuln der Jahre 381 und 382…

[German version] [1] see  Iulius E. Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) [German version] [2] Praef. praet. Galliarum AD 424/5 Originally from Poitiers; after internal unrest in AD 417, he tried to restore order in Aremorica. In 424/5 praef. praet. Galliarum, he was beaten to death during a mutiny in Arelate. PLRE 2, 448. Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)

[German version] Gallo-Roman friend of Sidonius Apollinaris. Although Catholic, from about AD 471 he was in the service of the Arian Visigoth Euricus. There is evidence of his holding the titles dux and comes . He had responsibility super septem civitates in Aquitania I and after the latter was subjugated by the Visigoths from c. 475 also for Augustonemetum (Clermont). V. came to prominence by endowing churches. His autocratic tendencies and his dissipated way of life made him suspect, so that he ran away to Rome, where he was murdered (in 479?) (PLRE 2, 1162-1164, no. 4). Leppin, Hartmut…

[German version] [1] Iulius M. Emperor in the West in 457-461 AD In AD 457-461 emperor in the West. He served under Aetius [2] in Gaul, retired to his estates and probably served as comes domesticorum at least with Valentinianus III. With Ricimer he brought about the overthrow of Avitus [1]. The East Roman emperor named him military commander and on 28 December 457 he was declared to be Augustus (on the date [1. 180-188]; against a step-by-step appointment [1. 185f.]). He emphasized the support for him in the Senate and military …

[German version] Bearer of a Germanic name; attested as comes et magister utriusque militiae per Orientem from AD 383 to 387; a proponent of euergetism in Antioch. Together with  Caesarius [3], in 387 conducted the investigations after the Antioch statue revolt.  Libanius thanked him with a panegyric for having achieved lenient actions (Or. 22). H. corresponded with Libanius (Ep. 2; 868; 884; 898; 925) and  Gregorius [3] of Nazianzus (Ep. 225). Probably a Christian [1]. (PLRE 1,277f.). Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) Bibliography 1 v. Haehling 265-267.

I. Principal types [German version] A. Greece Fundamental to Greek spectator events was the distinction between gymnic, hippic and musical agons (Competitions, artistic). All games emerged from cult, whether of the dead or of the gods. They remained connected with the cult and took place in conjunction with festivals (Festivals, ‘Festival culture’). The presentation of gymnic and hippic games (e.g. chariot races, Hom. Il. 23,257-538; Sports festivals), and of choral agons (Hom. Od. 8,256-366) is already found in Homer. Hesiod attests to a musical agon (Hes. Op. 650-659). In the Arc…

[German version] [1] See Galla [3] Placidia See Galla [3] Placidia. Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) [German version] [2] Relative of the imperial family (5th cent. AD) Younger daughter of Valentinianus [4] III and Eudoxia [2], b. AD 441/2. First betrothed to the son of Aetius [5], Petronius Maximus [II 8] apparently forced her into a marriage with his son ([2. 180f.]). In 455, she was taken hostage by the Vandals as they overran Rome; she was released to Constantinople in 462. Probably already married to Anicius [II 15] Olyb…

[German version] Flavius C., in 420/21 worked as a comes domesticus in Gaul; in 422 as mag. militum of the  Honorius he unsuccessfully fought the Vandals at the Baetica, he fell out with  Bonifatius who evaded him and went to Africa. In 423 C. probably supported the usurpation of  Iohannes and remained in office, becoming cos. in 424 but achieving no recognition in the East [1. 383]. Later C. fled -- supposedly to Africa (PLRE 2, 269f.). Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) Bibliography 1 Bagnall.

[German version] Monk from Alexandria who lived in around AD 400. Following on from Sextus Iulius Africanus and Eusebius [7], both of whose works he also revised, he wrote a history of the world, the influence of which is evident in George Syncellus [2], although there is disagreement as to its precise significance. P. was particularly interested in questions concerning the dating of events. Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) Bibliography W. Adler, Time Immemorial, 1989, 72ff.

[German version] Decimius Hilarianus H., son of  Ausonius. One of those family members who profited from Ausonius' proximity to emperor  Gratianus [2]. In AD 376/7 documented as proconsul Africae and 377-380 as Praetorian Prefect in the West with varying jurisdiction. Corresponded with Symmachus (Epist. 1,75-88). Epist. 19/20 Mondin (= 16/18 Prete) by Ausonius are addressed to him. Probably a Christian [1]. PLRE 1,427f. Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) Bibliography 1 v. Haehling, 298f.

[German version] Of Germanic descent; tribunus scutariorum in AD 350.; a follower of  Vetranio, whom he betrayed to  Constantius [2] II. In 360 magister militum of the emperor  Iulianus; when the emperor removed him from office in the following spring, G. switched his allegiance to Constantius II. In 365/366, G. served as magister militum of the usurper  Procopius, in whose defeat G.'s switch of allegiance to  Valens played a decisive part. PLRE 1, 397f. Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)

[German version] Franc, mag. militum of  Constantinus [3] III, whom he freed from Valencia in AD 407. E. tried to win the Germani as allies. During his attempt to relieve the usurper who was besieged in Arelate, he was defeated by  Constantius [6] III and Ulfila, and was killed while attempting to escape in 411. Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)

[German version] [1] [1] Vettius Agorius Basilius M. cos. AD 527, Consul AD 527. M. lived in the Ostrogoth kingdom and played an important role for the transmission of literary texts. He is attested as an editor of Horace and Prudentius. He probably wrote the Iudicium Paridis (Anth. Lat. 1,10), perhaps also the Cento de ecclesiis (Anth. Lat. 1,16). Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) Bibliography PLRE 2, 736f. [German version] [2] see Lollianus [7] see Lollianus [7]

[English version] (Χρυσάφιος). Chrysaphius qui et Ztummas, Eunuch. Unter Theodosius II. praepositus sacri cubiculi, als erster Eunuch auch als spatharius bezeugt. Ihm wird nach dem Sturz des Kyros ein maßgeblicher Einfluß auf den Kaiser zugeschrieben; er soll sämtliche Konkurrenten auch mit unlauteren Mitteln zurückgedrängt haben. 449 n.Chr. plante Ch. einen Mordanschlag auf Attila, der jedoch publik wurde. Er besaß Einfluß genug, um der Auslieferung an die Hunnen zu entgehen. Im nestorianischen Streit unterstützt…

[English version] Claudius Postumus D. consularis Viennensis, mag. libellorum, quaestor sacri palatii, praef. praet. Galliarum, patricius. Als Praetorianerpraefekt brachte er 412/3 n.Chr. Athaulf dazu, auf der Seite des Honorius gegen Iovinus zu kämpfen; er ermordete den gefangenen Usurpator. Die Datierung seiner zweiten Praefektur ist strittig (401/04 oder 406/07 n.Chr. in der PLRE, E. 415 n.Chr. nach [1]). D. war Christ, Korrespondent von Hieronymus und Augustin. Er zog sich in eine vielleicht unter dem Einfluß Augustins Theopolis (“Gottesstadt”) genannte Siedlung zu…

[English version] Sohn des Praetorianerpraefekten Florentius [1], 388 n.Chr. consularis Syriae, Gegner des Tatianus; erregte verschiedentlich Anstoß, was zu seiner Amtsenthebung führte. 393 dank Rufinus comes Syriae, soll aber aufgrund eines Konfliktes mit dem Onkel Theodosius' I., Eucherius, im Auftrag eben des Rufinus 393 oder 395 umgebracht worden sein. Lib. or. 56 ist gegen ihn gerichtet; Christ. PLRE 1,516f. Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)

Cognomen z. B. bei den Atilii, Calpurnii, Iulii, Virii. [English version] [1] 418 n. Chr. praef. praetorio II in Gallien [1] 418 n. Chr. praef. praetorio II in Gallien [1], 421 cos. (PLRE 2, 36 f.) Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) [English version] [2] Sohn des Kaisers Avitus, 5. Jh. Sohn des Kaisers Avitus (455/6 n. Chr.), Bruder des Ecdicius und der Papianilla. Er bekleidete wohl ein hohes Amt ( vir inlustris), später wurde er Geistlicher; er war Korrespondent seines Schwagers Sidonius Apollinaris (epist. 1,2; 2,12; PLRE 2, 37 A. 2). Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) Bibliography 1 R. v. Haehling, R…

[English version] Germanischer Herkunft; 350 n.Chr. tribunus scutariorum; Anhänger des Vetranio, den er an Constantius [2] II. verriet. 360 magister militum des Caesars Iulianus; im Frühjahr 361 durch diesen abgesetzt, ging er zu Constantius II. über. 365/6 magister militum des Usurpators Prokopios, zu dessen Niederlage er durch seinen Abfall zu Valens entscheidend beitrug. PLRE 1, 397f. Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)

[English version] [1] Prätorianerpräfekt 425 n.Chr. 420 n. Chr. praef. urbis Constantinopoleos und 425 praef. praetorio; zw. 395-401 war er vielleicht proc. Achaeae. Wohl noch als praef. urbis legte er 421 eine Zisterne in Konstantinopel an (PLRE 2, 19 f., vgl. 30). Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) [English version] [2] mag. utriusque militiae praesentalis (429-454 n. Chr.) Geb. um 390 n. Chr. als Sohn des mag. equitum Gaudentius, christl., als Jugendlicher Geisel bei den Westgoten und den Hunnen. Seine guten Kontakte zu den Hunnen blieben lan…

[English version] [1] Consul 367 n. Chr. Als magister equitum per Gallias dem Iulianus [11] beigegeben, kämpfte L. 359 n.Chr. gegen Alamannen, 360 gegen Scoten und Picten; L. wurde von Iulianus als möglicher Gegner inhaftiert. Iovianus machte ihn 363 zum mag. equitum per Orientem; 365/6 war er in diesem Amt an der Niederschlagung der Usurpation des Prokopios gegen Valens beteiligt; 367 Consul. Christ. PLRE 1520f. Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) [English version] [2] comes rei militaris per Thracias 377 n. Chr. Ging aus der schola gentilium hervor, 377 n.Chr. comes rei militaris per Thr…

[English version] Träger eines germanischen Namens; als comes et magister utriusque militiae per Orientem von 383 bis 387 n.Chr. bezeugt; in Antiocheia euergetisch tätig. Leitete zusammen mit Caesarius [3] 387 die Untersuchungen nach dem Antiochener Statuenaufstand. Libanios dankte ihm mit einem Panegyrikos dafür, daß er ein mildes Verfahren erreicht habe (or. 22). H. korrespondierte mit Libanios (epist. 2; 868; 884; 898; 925) und Gregorios [3] von Nazianzos (epist. 225). Wohl Christ [1]. (PLRE 1,277f.). Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) Bibliography 1 v. Haehling 265-267.