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[German version] Goth in the service of Rome, a relative of Aspar (Ardabur [1]; ILS 1299), possibly an ancestor of Basilicus [2. 426f.]. P. put down a rebellion in Palestine in 418 AD. In 419 he was a consul, then until c. 438/440 a magister militum. Lütkenhaus, Werner (Marl) Bibliography 1 PLRE 2, 892f. 2 W. Brandes, Familienbande?, in: Klio 75, 1993, 407-437.

[German version] Frank in Roman service. As comes domesticorum sent by Gratianus [2] from Gallia to Thracia in AD 377/378 (Amm. Marc. 31,7,4); he became magister militum per orientem in 383, consul in 384. In 388 he took part in the campaign against Maximus [II 7]. R. introduced Eugenius [1] to his nephew Arbogastes (Zos. 4,54,1) who installed Eugenius as emperor on 22 August 392. R. returned to the East. He died in 393 prior to the campaign against Eugenius. R. was in contact with Libanius (cf. Lib. Ep. 972) and Symmachus (Symmachus Ep. 3,54-69). Lütkenhaus, Werner (Marl) Bibliography 1 PLRE…

[German version] Brother of Odoacer. After the fall of Attila's kingdom, O. led the Sciri (Iord. Get. 277f.), together with his father. After their defeat, he served the Romans from AD 469 on. Challenged by the magister militum praesentalis Armatus, he killed him in 477, on the orders of Zeno (Malchus, FHG 4, p. 117, fr. 8 = fr. 9,4 Blockley) [2. 411-413]. O. served as m agister militum in Illyria from 477 to 479, then changed to his brother's side and in 488 defeated the Rugians (Eugippius, Vita Severini 44,4). He was murdered in 493 after Odoacer's defeat (Io…

[German version] Gothic comes AD 505 [1. 886f.]. In a dispute with the Gepidae in 505, he occupied Sirmium and helped the local overlord Mundo [2. 397ff.] against troops of the Eastern Empire, defeating them (Ennod. panegyricus dictus clementissimo regi Theoderico 12; Iord. Get. 300f.) [3. 174f.]. Possibly identical to the Petia murdered in 514 by Theoderic (Theodericus (Theoderic) [3]) (Auctarium Havniense, MGH AA 9,331) [1. 861; 2. 406f.]. Lütkenhaus, Werner (Marl) Bibliography 1 PLRE 2 2 P. Amory, People and Identity in Ostrogothic Italy, 1997, 489-554 3 J. Moorhead, Theo…

[German version] Suebian. With Sido, he deposed his uncle, Vannius , in AD 51, divided the kingdom of the Suebi with Sido and thereafter reigned in close dependency on the Roman Empire, but apparently detested by his subjects (Tac. Ann. 12,30). Lütkenhaus, Werner (Marl)

[German version] Rex in Italy AD 476-493. Son of Edeco, brother of Onulf, probably born in 433 (cf. Iohannes Antiochenus, FHG 4, p. 617, fr. 209,1). O.'s family came from the circles around the court of Attila, and so it is hard to determine to which tribe they belonged [5. 124]. The number and identity of O.'s siblings is also a matter of debate ([4]; contra [2]). After the disintegration of Attila's empire (454) O.'s father and Onulf led the Sciri until 469. O.'s whereabouts during this period are uncertain; his identification with O., the leader of the Saxons, ([4. 347f.], c. 463-469 in Ga…

[German version] Flavius N., of Germanic origin. In AD 358 leader of a cavalry unit in Raetia (Amm. Marc. 17,6,3), in 361 promoted by Iulianus [11] to magister equitum (Amm. Marc. 21,8,1). In 361/62 N. was part of the court in Calchedon against the supporters of Constantius [2] II (Amm. Marc. 22,3,1), and he was consul in 362 and the commander of the Persian campaign of 363 (Amm. Marc. 24,1,2). After the death of Iulianus he sided with a party of ‘Gauls’ in the conflict surrounding the succession (Amm. Marc. 25,5,2). After…

[German version] Visigoth king 586-601 AD, son of Leowigild; in 587 he brought about the conversion of the Visigoths to Catholicism (Chron. min. 2,218). Lütkenhaus, Werner (Marl) Bibliography D. Claude, Adel, Kirche und Königtum im Westgotenreich, 1971, 77-91  PLRE 3, 1079 f.

[German version] [1] Murderer of Valentinianus [4] III, 5th cent. AD Protector of Valentinianus [4] III, formerly in the service of Aetius [5]. He and Optila murdered Valentinianus in AD 455, in order to avenge the death of Aetius, probably on the instructions of Maximus [8], to whom he delivered the diadem (Iohannes Antiochenus fr. 201,4 f., FHG 4, 615; Chron. min. 1,303, where he is Aetius [2]' son-in-law; 2,86). PLRE 2,1117 f. Lütkenhaus, Werner (Marl) [German version] [2] Magister militum, 5th cent. AD Magister militum in the Eastern empire, executed after a conspiracy aga…

[German version] King of the Suebi in AD 465-469. R. was probably at the court of the Visigoths in 461. After the death of Frumarius [1. 486 f.] he was elevated to king of all the Suebi in 465 (Chron. min. 2,33). He was son-at-arms of king Theoderic II of the Visigoths (Chron. min. 2,33). He is not identical [2. 667 f.] to the pretender Rechimundus (AD 459-461) [1. 936]. R. was still alive when Hydatius [2] ended his Chronicle (AD 468). Suebi Lütkenhaus, Werner (Marl) Bibliography 1 PLRE 2, 938 2 D. Claude, Prosopographie des spanischen Suebenreichs, in: Francia 6, 1978, 647-676.

[German version] Goth, commander of the troops in the Gothic part of Gaul which Vitigis abandoned in AD 536/7 (Procop. Goth. 1,13,15-16; 29). From there, M. was called to the siege of Rome (Procop. Goth. 1,19,12; PLRE 3B, 823f.) Lütkenhaus, Werner (Marl)

[German version] (Viderich). Amalus (Amali), who came with his father Berimund from the territory of the Hunni to Gaul in AD 427 (Iord. Get. 251). Probably identical to Vitericus (Chron. min. 1,477 Mommsen), who fought with the Romans against the Visigoth Theoderic I (Theodericus [1]) in 439 ([2. 259 f.]; otherwise in e.g. [1]). Father of Theoderic the Great's (Theodericus [3]) designated successor Eutharicus Cilliga. Lütkenhaus, Werner (Marl) Bibliography 1 PLRE 2, 1157, s. v. Vetericus 2 H. Wolfram, Die Goten, 42001.

[German version] Ostrogoth king c. 451-473 AD, son of Vandalarius, brother of Valamer and Theodemir, uncle of Theoderic (Theodericus [3]) the Great. He took part in Attila's campaigns (Iord. Get. 199), and ruled beside his brothers in a region in Pannonia after Attila's death in 454 (Iord. Get. 268), from 461 as a Roman ally. V. was sent to Italy in 473 by Theodemir and died there during the campaign (Iord. Get. 283 f.). His successor was his son of the same name (Iord. Get. 284). PLRE 2,1164. Lütkenhaus, Werner (Marl)

[German version] [1] Roman cognomen Roman cognomen ('shepherd'), occurring only in late Antiquity. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Degrassi, FCIR, 260 2 Kajanto, Cognomina, 323. [German version] [2] Official under Odoacer Sometime between 476 and 490 AD, O. was comes sacrarum largitionum under Odoacer, perhaps from Liguria [2. 183]. He is mentioned in Cassiodorus's Variae. O.'s sons Cyprianus and O. held offices under Theoderic the Great. Lütkenhaus, Werner (Marl) Bibliography 1 PLRE 2, 807f. 2 D. Henning, Periclitans res publica, 1999, 109, 183.

[German version] According to Zosimos (4,25,2-4) M. was a Goth of royal descent (relative of Athanaric [2. 189f.]. He went over to the Romans, received a military command and shortly after (380 AD?) in Thrace achieved a success (probably exaggerated by Zosimus [2. 77f.]) against pillaging Goths. Gregorius [3] of Nazianzus addressed two letters (epist. 136 and 137) to M. as magister militum. M. was a Christian but not an Arian [1. 388]. Lütkenhaus, Werner (Marl) Bibliography 1 F. Paschoud, Zosime, vol. 2,2, 1979, 387f. 2 P. Heather, Goths and Romans, 1991.

[German version] Chief of the Greuthungi, who crossed the Danube in AD 386, but were defeated (Zos. 4,35,1; 38f.; Claud. Carm. 8,623-633). O. was killed and the surviving Greuthungi were settled in Phrygia by Theodosius I (cf. Chron. min. 1,244). Lütkenhaus, Werner (Marl) Bibliography PLRE 1, 639  P. Heather, Goths and Huns, in: CAH 13, 1998, 502; 512 n. 42.

[German version] [1] King of the Marcomanni, 2nd cent. AD (Ballomarius). King of the Marcomanni, who, from a position of neutrality (?), together with ambassadors from ten other tribes negotiated a peace with M. Iallius Bassus, the governor of Upper Pannonia, in AD 166, after attacking Germani had suffered a defeat (Cass. Dio, 71,3,1a = Petrus Patricius fr. 6 de Boor = Excerpta de legationibus 2,391 de Boor). Lütkenhaus, Werner (Marl) Bibliography P. Kehne, s. v. Markomannenkrieg (Hist.), RGA 19, 2001, 308-316, especially 312 (with older bibliography). [German version] [2] King o…

[German version] King of the Vandals 496-523, grandson of Geisericus, son of Gentunis; successor to his brother Gunthamundus (Procop. Vand. 1,8,8; Chron. min. 2,193; dates of his reign: Chron. min. 3,458 f.). In c. 500, T. married Amalafrida, the sister of the Ostrogoth king Theoderic (Theodericus [3]) the Great (Anon. Vales. 12,68). T.' relationship with the latter was strained in c. 511 by his financially supporting the Visigoth Gesalicus, who had fled to Africa after being defeated by the Ostrogoths (Chron. min. 2,223; Theoderic's letters to T.: Cassi…

[German version] Magister militum et patricius AD 457-472, de facto ruler in the Western Roman Empire in this period. R.'s father was a Suebian, his mother a Goth, daughter of Vallia. Born c. 419 (?) [5] (possibly related through his mother to the Frankish kings: [2. 16 f.], contra [5. 380]). A sister of R. married the Burgundian Gundiok in c. 450. In 456, R. defeated the Vandali (Chron. min. 2,29) with his fleet, acting as comes on behalf of the Western Roman emperor Avitus [1], then he became  magister militum. Together with Maiorianus [1] he rose up against Avitus, defeating hi…

[German version] (possibly a Roman name) was a magister militum of Odoacer AD 489-493; by September 489 he had crossed over to Theoderic (Theodericus [3]) the Great, but returned to Odoacer's camp (Anon. Vales. 11,51-52). From 490 he stayed with the Rugian king Fredericus [2] in northern Italy; in 493 a battle broke out between them, in which T. was defeated and killed (Chron. Min. 1). Lütkenhaus, Werner (Marl) Bibliography P. Amory, People and Identity in Ostrogothic Italy, 1997, 424 PLRE 2, 1131.