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Militär

(3,941 words)

Author(s): Penslar, Derek Jonathan
Moderne Staaten unterstellten auch Juden gewöhnlich der Wehrpflicht. Der Dienst im Militär lief dem jüdischen historischen Selbstverständnis als einer zivilen, gar den Krieg verabscheuenden Bevölkerung zuwider. Trotz ethischer Bedenken erkannten jüdische Repräsentanten, Autoren und Rabbiner die Beteiligung an Kriegen letztlich als staatsbürgerliche Pflicht an. Darüber hinaus evozierte die Kriegsteilnahme häufig weitgehende politische Erwartungen in Bezug auf den Einzelnen oder das jüdische Volk.…

Military

(4,281 words)

Author(s): Penslar, Derek Jonathan
Modern nation-states commonly conscripted Jews. Military service ran contrary to the traditional Jewish self-understanding of being a civilian population that even detested war. In spite of ethical concerns, Jewish representatives, authors, and rabbis ultimately recognized involvement in wars as a civic obligation. Furthermore, participation in war often evoked wide-ranging political expectations in matters of the individual or the Jewish people. Jewish military service consistently mirrored the process of emancipation. 1. The military and JudaismThe Jewish self-imag…
Date: 2021-07-13

Economy

(6,870 words)

Author(s): Sautter, Hermann | Rüpke, Jörg | Schneider, Helmuth | Otto, Eckart | Penslar, Derek | Et al.
[German Version] I. The Concept – II. Economic Systems and their Theories – III. Economy and Religion I. The Concept The term economy encompasses the totality of all individual actions and social interactions that serve to produce goods (commodities or services [Service sector]) for the purpose of satisfying human needs (Consumption). As a rule, the “production” of commodities means that human labor and …