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[German version] Crater lake within the territory of the  Hirpini (accordingly: Valle d'Ansanto) with sulphuric vapours, colloquially called ‘Mufite’. Access to the underworld (Verg. Aen. 7,563 ff.). Nearby (near Valli), a sanctuary of the goddess  Mefitis (verified from 6th cent. BC to 1st cent. AD: Cic. Div. 1,79; Verg. Aen. 7,563-571; Plin. HN 2,208; for the 4th cent. AD: Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2,350). Finds of votive gifts: coins, bronze and terracotta objects, wooden statuettes; an Oscan dedication to Mefitis Aravina. Inscriptions: CIL IX 1023-34. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bib…

[German version] [1] City of the Hirpini City of the Hirpini in the mountains of Samnium, destroyed by the Romans in 298 BC. It was to the territory of T. that in 180 BC Ligurian Apuani were deported (Liv. 40,38,3; 41,4; Plin. HN 3, 105; Baebius [I 12]). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography D. Marcotte, Lucaniae, in: Latomus 44, 1985, 721-742  J. Patterson, Sanniti, 1988, 168-170  G. De Benedittis, Fagifulae, 1997, 17-22, 65-74. [German version] [2] Capital of the Taurini This item can be found on the following maps: Punic Wars Probably the capital of the Taurini (App. Hann. 5…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre | Umbri, Umbria Umbrian town (Umbrian ocre = Latin arx, 'citadel') in a dominant position on the left bank of the Tiber, allied to Rome from 308 BC. The Roman town developed during the Augustan period on the via Flaminia, 44 km from Rome and 12 from Narnia. In 90 BC, O. became the municipium of the tribus Arnensis (CIL XI 4081ff.), later in regio VI; modern Otricoli on the slopes of the Umbrian town, while the Roman settlement was lower in a westerly direction towards the Tiber at San Vittore. Remains…

[German version] Right-bank tributary of the Padus (modern Po), into which it flows at Placentia  (Plin. HN 3,118), modern Trebbia; it rises in the Ligurian Appenninus. It was on the T. that in 218 BC the first fighting between the Romans and Hannibal [4] took place (Pol. 3,66-74; Liv. 21,52-56). In its valley are the sacrarium Minervae Medicae Cabardiacensis and the Bobbio monastery founded in 612 by Saint Columbanus. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography G. Marchetti, P. Dall'Aglio, La battaglia del Trebbia, in: Atti dell' istituto de geologia dell' università di…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Social Wars | Socii (Roman confederation) | Caesar | Umbri, Umbria | Christianity | | Coloniae | Coloniae | Etrusci, Etruria | Commerce | Pilgrimage | Regio, regiones | Batavian Revolt Town of the  Umbri in Emilia on the southern bank of the Ariminus mouth (canal port), modern Rimini. Archaeological remains of the  Villanova culture and of the  Celts, Attic ceramics. From 268 BC colonia Latina (6,000 colonists; Vell. Pat. 1,14,6; Eutr.2,16); strategically important outpost in  Gallia Cisalpina (Pol. 3,61,11;…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Socii (Roman confederation) A town of eastern Aemilia located on the via Aemilia (Itin. Gaditanum 90; It. Ant. 100; 126; 287; It. Burd. 616; Tab. Peut. 4,5) at the crossing of the Anemo (Lamone), modern Faenza. Late Republican foundation (augural name), municipium, tribus Pollia [5. 93]. In 82 affected by the Civil War (Liv. Epit. 88; Vell. Pat.2,28; App. B Civ. 1,91). Famous for wine (Varro Rust. 1,2,7) and linen production (Plin. HN 19,9). Early Christian diocese. Prehistoric settleme…

[German version] Navigable  canal on the Etruscan coast ( regio VII) between Pisae and Luna with a road station on the via Aemilia Scauri (Ptol. 3,1,43; It. Ant. 293; Tab. Peut. 4,1) near Massarosa (Lucca). The builder, a Republican official, is not identified. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography A. Neppi Modona, Carta archeologica d'Italia 104, 1956, 16 Nissen 2, 287.

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Tribus City of the Latini east of Rome on the south-eastern banks of the Lago di Castiglione (a volcanic crater) left of the Anio, 12 miles from Rome, modern Gabi (Roma). According to legend, it was of Siculan origin or a foundation by Alba Longa. It was here that Romulus and Remus allegedly were instructed in literature, music, and the use of Greek weapons (links with Greece, culturally dominating position amongst the Latin cities). The text of a foedus with Rome, concluded under Tarquinius Priscus, was preserved on a l…

[German version] Navigable river in Etruria (Etrusci; Plin. HN 3,51), modern Ombrone. It rises near Saena/modern Siena, was crossed by the v ia Aurelia and formed a sea harbour at its mouth to the south of Lacus Prelius (Rut. Nam. 1,337-340; It. Ant. 500,4 f.). The place name is connected with the Tractus Umbriae, the stretch of land between Saena and Telamo originally settled by the Umbri (Plin. HN 3,51). Another U. (modern Ambra), a left-bank tributary of the Arnus, was crossed between Clusium and Florentia [1] by the v ia Cassia Hadriana. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: | Batavian Revolt Vicus in south-east Venetia on the Padus in the territory of Verona (Tac. Hist. 3,9), river port on the Ticinum - Ravenna route ( ab H. per Padum, Tab. Peut. 4,5), modern Ostiglia. Beginning of the southern branch of the via Claudia Augusta (ILS 208, Padana). Mentioned in connection with the battles of AD 69 (Tac. Hist. 2,100). A special honey production was practised here (Plin. HN 21,73). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography G. Paviani Buganza, Storia e topografia di Ostiglia, in: Atti e Memor…

[German version] ( Septaquae). Pagus ('district') in the territory of the Sabini at Reate (CIL IX 4206 f.; 4399), with its springs and lakes a centre of tourism (Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 1,14), also visited by Cicero in 54 BC (Cic. Att. 4,15,5; Rosea rura). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Nissen 2, 474.

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Social Wars | Socii (Roman confederation) | Theatre | Tribus | Umbri, Umbria | Coloniae | Natural catastrophes | Oracles | Punic Wars (Σπολήτιον/ Spolḗtion; Lat. Spoletum). City in Umbria (Str. 5,2,10; Ptol. 3,1,54) in the valley of Clitumnus on the Via Flaminia (It. Ant. 125,4), present-day Spoleto. Became c olonia (Coloniae) in 241 BC (Cic. Balb. 48; Liv. Per. 20; Vell. Pat. 1,14,8) with praetores, tresviri, iudices, tribunus, in 90 BC municipium, tribus Horatia; regio VI (Regio, regiones). S. was a Byzantine base in t…

[German version] River in Samnium, modern Sangro (Str. 5,4,2: Σάγρος/Ságros; Ptol. 3,1,19: Σάρος/Sáros). It passed through the territory of the Carricini past Aufidena and Trebula, then through the territory of the Frentani between Iuvanum and Pallanum, and flowed into the Ionios Kolpos between Ortona and Histonium. Below Castel di Sangro it could be crossed by a bridge that was part of the Roman road which went from Sulmo to Aesernia. Samnites, Samnium Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography L. Mariani, Aufidena, in: Monumenti antichi dei Lincei 10, 1901, 225-638, espe…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Tribus Sabine city on the left bank of the Tiber, 24 miles from Rome on the via Salaria. C. is the hometown of two Roman kings (Titus Tatius, Numa Pompilius), the designation of the Romans as Quirites (Str. 5,3,1), and also the name of the mons Quirinalis (Varro, Ling. 5,51). The Romans conquered C. under M'. Curius Dentatus (290 BC). As a municipium, C. was incorporated into the tribus Sergia. Sulla and Caesar deduced coloniae to C. It belonged to regio IV (Ov. Fast. 2,135; Str. 5,3,1) and was called C. Sabini in the imperial period…

[German version] Township in Gallia Cispadana (Pol. 3,40,13), modern Taneto near Sant'Ilario d'Enza (in the province of Reggio Emilia). Municipium, Regio VIII (Plin. HN. 3,116), on the right bank of the Incia, itself a right-bank tributary of the Padus (modern Po), between Parma [1] and Regium, somewhat to the north of the Via Aemilia (It. Ant. 267,8; Tab. Peut. 4,3;  It. Burd. 616,12: Canneto). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography M. Degani, Edizione archeologica 74 (Reggio Emilia), 1974, 30 f.

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Umbri, Umbria | Coloniae | Etrusci, Etruria A harbour town on the Etruscan coast south of the mouth of the Marta, connected to the via Aurelia by a byway; known today as Porto Clementino (municipality of Tarquinia). Commercial trading post for Tarquinii, prone to malaria (Cato Orig. 2: 46). In 181 BC, it becomes a Roman colonia, Tribus Stellatina, whose territory was divided into parcels of land of five iugera; later colonia Augusta, regio VII. Wine production and trade in red coral (Plin. HN 14, 67; 32, 21). Destroy…

[German version] [1] Spring near Venusia Spring near Venusia, the native city of  Horatius, who was prompted by B. to name B. [2]. In connection with Bantia (today Banzi), it is located in the Palazzo San Gervasio (today Potenza) on the basis of a bull of Pope Pasquale II (1103), who addresses an ecclesia ss. martyrum Gervasii et Protasii in Bandusino fonte apud Venusium and a castellum Bandusii. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Jaffé, 714, 5945. [German version] [2] Spring in Apulia Fons splendidior vitro (‘a spring, clearer than glass’ Hor. Carm. 3,13), named thus by…

[German version] Town in Latium (Luc. 2,134; App. B Civ. 1,87: Ἱερὸς λιμήν/ Hieròs Limḗn) on the upper reaches of the Tolerus (present-day Sacco) on the via Labicana between Praeneste and Signia, possibly near Piombinara. Here, Cornelius [I 90] Sulla crushed the army of Marius [I 2] in the spring of 82 BC (Plut. Sulla 28,4; App. B Civ. 1,87; Liv. Per. 87; Vell. Pat. 2,26; Luc. 2,134). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Nissen 2, 651  G. Tomassetti, La Campagna Romana, vol. 3, 1910, 459 (repr. 1976).

[German version] (Νατίσων; Natís ōn). River in Venetia (Ptol. 3,1,26) which rises in the Alpes Carnicae, flows below Forum Iulium (present-day Cividale), reaches the Turrus from the right (Plin. HN 3,126) and flows into the Laguna Veneta near Aquileia [1]. It protected the east walls of Aquileia and formed a canal port there (Str. 5,1,8). At the estuary the river is nowadays called Natissa (as in Iord. Get. 42), but Natisone and Torre in the interior regions. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Nissen 2, 229.

[German version] Archaic people of Latium, possibly identical with the Sanates Tiburtes, who were neighbours of the Forcti Gabini, and who, according to Plin. HN 3,69, as one of the 30 pagi of the populi Albenses, gathered for sacrificial rites on Mons Albanus. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Nissen 2, 555-557 M. Pallottino, Le origini di Roma, in: ArchCl 12, 1960, 27 A. Alföldi, Early Rome and the Latins, 1963, 13.

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Tribus | Umbri, Umbria | | Coloniae City in Umbria, regio VI, located on a high limestone spur of the Apenninus, 56 miles from Rome, present-day Narni. In the year 299 BC (Liv. 10,10,5) a colony under Latin law was founded there at the site of the Umbrian city of Nequinum, its ominous name (in popular etymology derived from nequire, ‘to be unable’) replaced as it was renamed for the Nahartes in the Nar valley. Municipium of the tribus Papiria, birthplace of the Emperor Nerva [2]; it was of strategic significance in AD 69 …

[German version] River in Latium (Latini), after which the tribus Oufentina was named in 318 BC (Liv. 9,20,6; Fest. 212,7 ff. L.: Ofens); modern Uffente. The U. rises on Mons Lepinus (modern Monti Lepini) to the north of  Setia and flowed into the Pomptinae paludes ( Ager Pomptinus ), where it collected (Verg. Aen. 7,801;  Str. 5,3,6;  Sil. Pun. 8,382). There it was crossed by the Via Appia on a two-arched bridge. To the east of Cerceii it flowed into the sea. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography M. Cancellieri, s. v. Ufente, EV 5, 354.

[German version] (also: Isontius, Aesontius). River in Venetia (Tab. Peut. 4,5; Cassiod. Var. 1,18,1; 1,29; with no mention of the name: Str. 5,1,8; Hdt. 8,4,2). The source is in the Alpes Carnicae, it is joined from the left by the Frigidus (modern Vipacco) and flows into the Adriatic Sea between Aquileia [1] and Tergeste, modern Isonzo. During the yearly snow-melt, it swells strongly and is difficult to cross. It was crossed by the Via Gemina (Aquileia - Emona) near Pons Sontii (modern Mainizza)…

[German version] Sabine town between Reate and Interocrium, founded by the local inhabitants, made famous by Varro; the Aquae Cutiliae and the lacus Cutiliensis, situated in the centre of the peninsula, considered the umbilicus Italiae (‘navel of Italia’) (Varro, Ling. 5,71; Plin. 3,109) take their name from Cutilia. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Nissen, 2, 475.

[German version] Station on the Via Appia , where a road branches off to Setia, about 58 km from Rome in the Pomptinae Paludes (Ager Pomptinus) outside Forum Appii (modern Faiti), modern Torre Tre Ponti. A three-arch Roman bridge still crosses the Nymphaeus (modern Ninfa) today; the Decennovium to Tarracina began there. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography V. Galliazzo, I ponti romani, 1994, 86, No. 131.

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre | Umbri, Umbria Town of the imperial age (Tac. Hist. 3,60; Plin. Ep. 1,4), on the via Flaminia between Narnia and Mevania in Umbria, on an elevated plain, a little to the north of San Gemini. Municipium of the tribus Clustumina. Excavations: via Flaminia within the town area, forum (lining the via Flaminia in the east with two small tetragonal arches, trapeziform, its southern end delimited by a temple with two cellae), theatre, amphitheatre (86 × 62 m), cisterns. To the east of the road, the church of S. D…

[German version] [1] Chief town of the Libici (modern Vercelli) This item can be found on the following maps: Batavian Revolt (Οὐερκέλλοι, Οὐερκέλλαι/ Ouerkélloi, -ai). Chief town of the Libici (Str. 5,1,12; Ptol. 3,1,36) on the right bank of the Sesites (modern Sesia), a right-bank tributary of the Padus (modern Po), modern Vercelli [1. 176; 2], probably originally founded by the Salluvii (Liv. 5,35,2; Plin. HN 3,124). No significant archaeological finds [3. 212]. It is not there but at V. [2] that Marius [I 1] is gen…

[German version] A. Location The Roman province in northern Italy borders on the Alps in the north and west, the Apennines in the south and the Adriatic in the east. Traversed by the Padus (Po) ( Gallia Transpadana to the north and Gallia Cispadana to the south of the Padus), Gallia Cisalpina (GC) was identified with the Po valley ( latissima pars Italiae, Tac. Hist. 1,70,1). In antiquity the geomorphological structure of GC was in many respects quite different from today, especially with regard to the riverbeds of the Padus (which ran further south) and the Atesis …

[German version] Town of the Aborigines and Prisci Latini, colony of Alba Longa; seized by Tarquinius Priscus; destroyed 502 BC by the consul Opiter Verginius Tricostus. Listed by Pliny (HN 3,68) as one of the Latian towns that had disappeared by his time. The gens Coruncania came from C. (Tac. Ann. 11,24,2). Location unknown. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Nissen 2, 563.

[German version] [1] City of the Volsci in Latium City of the Volsci in Latium at the source of the Melpis, on the via Latina between Casinum and Sora, today A. (Frosinone). Praefectura (Cic. Planc. 8), then municipium of the tribus Teretina. Monuments: parts of the city wall, remains of an ancient building below S. Marco, Roman mosaic, aqueduct. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography NSA 1950, 108ff. E. Beranger, A. Sorrentino, La cinta muraria di Atina, 1979 E. Beranger, Testimoni archeologici dall'agro Atestino, in: Doc. Alb. s.2, II (1980), 75-93 H. Solin, Iscrizioni, in: E…

[German version] The largest river in Italy, present-day Po, which was equated with the mythical Eridanus ( fluminum rex Eridanus, Verg. G. 1,482; sacer Eridanus, Sil. Pun. 12,696; pater Eridanus, Sil. Pun. 4,691); it was known locally as P. and Bodincus (Metrodorus FGrH 184 F 8). It flows for a distance of 570 km from west to east through the whole of Gallia Cisalpina (Pianura Padana) which it divides into Cispadana in the south and Transpadana in the north. (The regional reforms of Augustus created Liguria and Aemilia in …

[German version] Island in the mare Tyrrhenum, off the promonturium Argentarium, modern Giglio. Settled since the Neolithic, I. belonged to the territory of the colonia of  Cosa and in 49 BC was part of the property of the Domitii, who equipped a fleet against Massilia there (Caes. B Civ. 1,34,3). Regarding maritime traffic cf. the corpus codicariorum (CIL XI 2643). Due to its remoteness and dense forests, I. was used as a refuge by the Romans in the time of Alarich [2] (Rut. Namat. 1,325). Archaeology: a splendid villa near the port, another near Campese; Etruscan and Roman remain…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre | Tribus | Latini, Latium Town in Latium in the southern foothills of the Alban hills, 18 miles from Rome on the via Appia, modern Lanuvio. Participated in the foedus Cassianum of 493 BC. Loyal to Rome during the Latin War of 340 ( Latin League), L. received the civitas Romana; municipium (338 BC; Liv. 8,14,2), possibly tribus Maecia. Birth-place of the emperors Antoninus Pius and Commodus. The modern settlement is located on top of the ancient town; only the arx (‘castle’), surrounded by a tuff wall, on the hill of…

[German version] [1] Roman road station Roman road station (  statio ) between  Brixia and  Beneventum (It. Burd. 558,9). Sonnabend, Holger (Stuttgart) Bibliography Nissen 2, 981. [German version] [2] Statio, San Pietro in Fine   Statio , named after the curve in the via Latina between  Casinum and  Venafrum, at the 96th milestone near Ad Flexum (CIL X 6901); today San Pietro in Fine (Caserta). Strategically significant, dominated by walls in a polygonal pattern near San Eustachio and Marena-Falascosa, in opus quadratum and incertum near Muraglie Abbandonate. Uggeri, Giovanni (Flo…

A number of towns or townships in Italy had this name, derived from the production of salt there. [German version] [1] Town on the Adriatic coastal road S. is recorded in Tab. Peut. (5,1; cf. Geogr. Rav. 327; [1]) as on the Adriatic coastal road 5 Roman miles north of Ostia Aterni (modern Pescara) and 13 Roman miles south of Hadria on the left bank of the River Salino, which, formed by the confluence of the Tavo and the Fino, marked the border between the Vestini and the Praetuttii, near modern Montesilvano Marina. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) [German version] [2] Place south of Mons Garganus Place…

[German version] Plain in Sabine territory near Reate (also Rosea, Varro Rust. 2,7,6; 3,2,9; 3,17,6; Rosia, ibid. 3,2,10; Ager Rosulanus, Serv. Aen. 7,712); the most fertile soils in the whole of Italy were there (Varro Rust. 1,7,10). Fest. 355,3 derives the term from arva rore humida ('land moist with dew'). The region was drained in 272 BC under the censor M'. Curius [4] Dentatus by constructing a canal between Lacus Velinus and the Nar, and was thus made agriculturally useful (Cic. Att. 4,15,5). The RR was used for breeding horses, whi…

[German version] (Πανδατερία/ Pandatería). Island in the mare Tyrrhenum (Str. 2,5,19; 5,3,6), modern Ventotene (Latina), west of Cyme [2] and south of Caieta, between the insulae Pontiae (Pontia) and Pithecussae. Iulia [6], Agrippina [2], Octavia [3], the wife of the emperor Nero, and Flavia [3] were exiled there. Extant remains include a villa, an aqueduct, a cistern, a fishpond as well as port facilities. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography C.M. Amici, F. Cifarelli et al., Ventotene: documentazione archeologica, in: G.M. De Rossi (ed.), Le isole Pontine attraverso i …

[German version] Town in Latium adiectum; the modern Val di Comino to the north of  Atina [1] (perhaps San Donato). During the 3rd Samnite War in 293 BC conquered by consul Sp. Carvilius Maximus (Liv. 10,39-44) and destroyed (perhaps in 291 by consul L. Postumius Megellus: Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 16,4,5). Probably not to be identified with C. Ceritum (Ocritum?), where Hanno learned of the defeat at  Beneventum in 212 BC (Liv. 25,14,14). Plin. HN 3,108 lists C. among the ruined towns of the Aequiculi. CIL X p. 507, 5143-56. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Nissen 2, 669 G. Devoto, Gli A…

[German version] Island in the Mare Tyrrhenum between Corsica and the Italian mainland (Plin. HN 3,80), probably Montecristo (province of Livorno), a granite outcrop (10.4 km2, alt. 645 m) to the south of Ilva; the Mons Christi inhabited by monks in the 6th cent. AD (Greg. M. Epist. 1,49). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography BTCGI 10, 320-324.

[German version] [1] see Mataurus see Mataurus Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) [German version] [2] River in Italy (Liv. 27,47; Mataurus, Tab. Peut. 5,2). River rising in the Umbrian Apennines, flowing past Tifernum and Urbinum through the Ager Gallicus and into the Adriatic to the south of Fanum Fortunae, modern Metauro. In 207 BC it was on the M. that the battle between the Romans and Hasdrubal [3] took place. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography N. Alfieri, La battaglia del M., 1994.

[German version] Cape, forested in ancient times (Hor. Carm. 2,9,7; Hor. Epist. 2,1,202; Sil. 8,629), in Apulia on the eastern coast of Italy, isolated mountainous massif (1065 m high), called Ἀρίονος ὄρος/ Aríonos óros (‘Mountain of Arion’) in Scyl. 14, today Promontorio del Gargano. The MG was an important landmark for maritime navigation and for geographers. To the north were the Lacus Pantanus (modern Lago di Lesina) and the Sinus Urias (modern Lago di Várano) with Uria [3], off the coast the Insulae Diomedeae (modern Trem…

[German version] Town in Latium, probably near Antemnae, inhabited by Siculi and Aborigines; legend has it that Romulus captured and destroyed the town, then ruled by King Acro; Romulus was also supposedly the first to sacrifice   spolia opima to Jupiter Feretrius. There is documentary evidence for the Caeninenses sacerdotes in imperial Rome, but the town itself had disappeared at the latest by the time of Pliny the Elder (HN 3,68). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Nissen, 2, 560 Ruggiero, 2, 10.

[German version] Island in the mare Tyrrhenum, off the coast of Populonia (Αἰθάλη; Aithálē, Αἰθαλία; Aithalía: Hecat. FGrH 1 F 59; Ps.-Scyl. 6), modern Elba. The limḕn Argôios (λιμὴν Ἀργῷος) is supposed to have been founded by the  Argonauts (Str. 5,2,6; others trace the name back to the white colour of the beach). Settled since the Neolithic. I. was famous for its iron mines, which had been exploited since Etruscan times (smelting slag on Pithecussae and at Populonia). In 453 BC, I. was briefly occupied by Syracusae (Dio…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Venetic | Coloniae | Batavian Revolt Settlement of the Veneti in the lower reaches of the Piave, inhabited from the Bronze Age, linked to the Adriatic by a canal (Str. 5,1,8). O. was municipium of the tribus Papiria ( lex Iulia); later incorporated into the regio X Venetia. As a junction on the via Postumia, it was connected to the city of Concordia; today Oderzo, province of Treviso. O. took the side of Caesar against the Senate, and was rewarded with tax exemption. Archaeological remains: forum, domus with polychrome mosaics (…

[German version] Island in the mare Tyrrhenum near Ilva (Plin. HN 3,81). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)

[German version] [1] C. Inui Town of the Rutuli (Sil. Pun. 8,359) in the centre of Latium, founded by the kings of Alba Longa (Verg. Aen. 6,775). Abandoned in the archaic period, often confused with C. Novum in Etruria (Rut. Namat. 1,227). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography A. Nibby, Analisi storico-topografica-antiquaria della Carta de' Dintorni di Roma 1, 1848, 440 Nissen 2, 579 O. Toti, 1984. [German version] [2] C. Novum Settlement on the southern coast of Etruria This item can be found on the following maps: Socii (Roman confederation) | Tribus …

[German version] Members of a community in the regio VI, called Sallentini in the Augustan list (Plin. HN 3,113), because in 266 BC they were deported to Umbria from Soletum in Calabria (Liv. Ep. 15; Eutr. 2,17). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Nissen, 1, 543 n. 2.

[German version]   Statio in  Etruria, between  Centumcellae and  Graviscae, by the sea (It. Ant. 498,5 f.), not located. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)

[German version] Township in Latium, municipium of the tribus Pomptina, colony of the Triumviri (Triumvirate), later abandoned owing to its unhealthy location on the edge of the Pomptinae paludes ( Ager Pomptinus ) at modern Sermoneta and Cisterna di Latina (Cic. Fam. 7,12,2; 7,18,3; Hor. Epist. 1,11,30;  Juv. 10,102; Plin.  HN 3,64; Porphyrio ad Hor. epist. 1,11,30). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Nissen, vol. 2, 637.

[German version] Tyrrhenian coastal river in Regio VII between Pisae and Luna [3], modern Vezza. It gave its name to the modern region of Versilia. Its location between Vada Volaterrana and Velinae (mistake for Velatrae, cf. Volaterrae), as recorded in Tab. Peut. 4,2, is incorrect. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Umbri, Umbria Town in Umbria ( regio VI) on the via Flaminia on the eastern edge of the plain of the Topino and Clitumno ( lacus Clitorius), modern Foligno (Perugia). Conquered by Rome in 295 BC, praefectura, later municipium, tribus Cornelia. Without walls F. suffered in the Perusinian War; the town was abandoned in the 5th cent. AD in favour of the hill of San Valentino di Civitavecchia. Iron Age and Roman remains: amphitheatre, arch, thermae near Santa Maria del Sasso, necropoleis near Santa Maria in Campis, villa (Palace of …

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Socii (Roman confederation) | Tribus | Coloniae | Coloniae | Latini, Latium City of the Rutuli in Latium on the via Ardeatina (Fest. 356,20), c. 4.5 km from the coast, c. 35.5 km from Rome, at the foot of   mons Albanus , today A. (previously Casalazzara and Pomezia). Linked with the legend of  Aeneas. Mentioned in the 1st Roman-Carthaginian treaty (Pol. 3,22,11); member of the  Latin League (Cato fr. 58); from 442 BC colonia Latina (Liv. 4,9-11); declined during the late republican period. Acropolis with remains from…

[German version] Chain of mountains; a continuation of the Alps from the Colle di Cadibona above Savona to the Straits of Messina, and forming the backbone of the Italian peninsula. Highest point is the Gran Sasso (2912 m) in the Abruzzi. The highest point of the Apuan mountains in  Liguria is the Auginus (today Cimone, 2165 m), a cult site, like Monte Guragazza above Felsina and Monte Falterona above Arezzo near the sources of the Arno; these mountain ranges divided regiones VII and VIII. The  Tiber has its source halfway up the chain in the territory of the Casuentini. Fu…

[German version] [1] An arm-length stick (Latin for καλαῦροψ/ kalaûrops, κορύνη/ korýnē, λαγωβόλον/ lagōbólon, ῥάβδος καμπύλη/ rhábdos kampýlē, ῥόπαλον/ rhópalon, 'rabbit stick'). A knotted stick, the length of an arm, with a curved end, which could also be decorated (Verg. Ecl. 5,888-892). The p edum could be a shepherd's staff (e.g. Anth. Pal. 6,177; Theocr. Epigr. 7,43), but it was also used by hunters as a throwing stick, particularly in hunting hares (Anth. Pal. 6,188; 296). Hence, in literary and artistic representations peda are attributes of such mythical hunters such…

[German version] (Ῥουβίκων; Rhoubíkōn). River whose name, derived from its red colour, is probably preserved in Urgone (dialect form Rigone), a right tributary of the Pisciatello; the latter has its source in the Appennines, flows into the Adriatic 15 km north of Ariminum and today once again bears the name Rubicone. The R. replaced the Aesis in its role as the border river between Italy and the province of Gallia Cisalpina (Cic. Phil. 6,5; Str. 5,1,11; Plin. HN 3,115; App. B Civ. 2,35) in the time…

[German version] Vicus of the Sabini, ager Amiterninus, by the source of the Aternus (modern Pescara) on a rock spur (Str. 5,3,1), after 1204 Civitatomassa (Scoppito, L'Aquila). On a side road of the via Salaria (restored in AD 47 as the via Claudia Nova; CIL IX 5959; Tab. Peut. 5,5 erroneously Erulos), 13 miles after Interocrium (modern Antrodoco), 4 miles before Amiternum. Mentioned in 211 BC because of the passing of Hannibal (Liv. 26,11,11); tribus Quirina. Roman remains. Epigraphy: CIL IX p. 417-420; 4395-4435. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography G. Filippi, s.v. F., EV 2…

[German version] I. Geography Central Italian people and the hilly and mountainous region (flysch in the north, Jurassic lime in the south) they inhabited. It is located in the drainage area of the upper and middle Tiber between the Etruscan Appennines and the Chiana Valley with a narrow access to the eastern coastal area. The mountains run from northwest to southeast, between them lie narrow, sparsely populated valleys and a few broader basins (Tiber Valley, the plain around Lake Trasimenus (Lacus …

[German version] Villa near Capena in the region of the Falisci which served as a statio on the via Flaminia between Rome and Ocriculum, 24 Roman miles from Rome (It. Ant. 124). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Socii (Roman confederation) | Tribus | Coloniae | Latini, Latium City in Volsci territory on the Ufens (modern Ufente) river in the Ager Pomptinus , modern Sezze. Founded in 382 BC as a Latin colonia (Vell. 1,14), S. set itself against Rome in the Latin War in 340 (Liv. 8,3) and in the Second Punic War in 209 BC (Liv. 27,9; 29,15,5). In 198 BC slaves together with Carthaginian hostages and prisoners interned in S. revolted (Liv. 32,26,5-18). Parts of the city walls have survive…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Tribus | Latini, Latium | Oracles City in Latium ( Latini) on the Numicus, 4 km from the coast, modern Pratica di Mare. In order to create a new home for the Penates of Troy [1], L. was founded by Aeneas [1] according to the Augustan form of the myth and named after his wife Lavinia, the daughter of Latinus. L. is mentioned in the first treaty between Rome and Carthage (Pol. 3,22), was the place of exile of Tarquinius Collatinus [2] and the location of the sanctuary of the Latin League of which L. was a member. L. was a municipium and always p…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Tribus Town of the  Hernici on a tufa outcrop, which dominates the Sacco valley; sanctuary near the acropolis (modern S. Cecilia; 7th cent. BC), a further one in the valley (Osteria della Fontana, Etruscan graffiti). Roman from 306 BC, first as   praefectura , then   municipium . Travertine walls in opus quadratum; thermae under the church of S. Chiara ( piscina preserved);   villae in the vicinity, of which one is ascribed to Cicero; imperial villa magna; catacombs. From AD 487 bishop's seat. The circus maritimus Anagninus was m…

[German version] [1] City in North-Etruria This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre | | Coloniae | Regio, regiones | Rome | Rome City in North-Etruria, regio VII, on the right bank of the Arnus below  Faesulae, modern Florence. Settlement from the Villanova period [3]. Roman colony, possibly founded in the 40s or 30s of the first cent. BC (Tac. Ann. 1,79,1; [6. 1,213]), tribus Scaptia [5. 84]. The choice of site for its founding was made favourable by a ford over the Arnus, used from the time of the Villanova culture, where the via Cassia (It. Ant. 285; Tab. Peut. 4,2), the via Quinct…

[German version] Town in southern Etruria ( regio VII), attested in the 8th/6th cents. BC on an outlier of the Poggio San Francesco (305 m), modern Ferento, 9 km north of Viterbo, on an elevation between eastern tributaries of the Tiber. In the Roman period relocated to the Northeast on the other side of the river (306 m; Pianicara). Its territory was distributed under the Gracchi [1. 216]; municipium, tribus Stellatina. The gens Salvia as well as Otho (Tac. Hist. 2,50; Suet. Otho 1,1) and Flavia Domitilla (Suet. Vesp. 3) came from F. The town decayed in the late…

[German version] Possibly Cimone in the Apennines, worshipped as sacred (Liv. 39,2). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre Mountain top town (404 m) of the Hernici in Latium adiectum on the via Latina, 24 miles from Anagnia and 7 miles from Frosinone, modern Ferentino (Frosinone) on the Trerus (modern Sacco; It. Ant. 305; Tab. Peut. 6,2). Occupied by Volsci in 413, later returned to the Hernici (Liv. 4,51ff.); in 361 conquered by the consul Licinius Calvus (Liv. 7,9). It remained loyal to Rome during the Hernici uprising in 306 but suffered severe devastation in 211 from Hannibal. After 195 BC in possession of the ius Latii (Liv. 34,42,5). Du…

[German version] Port of the Praetuttii in Picenum (Picentes) on the right bank of the Truentus at its mouth on the Adriatic (Ionios Kolpos; Plin.  HN 3,110; Cic. Att. 8,12b,1: Castrum Truentinum;  cf. Ptol. 3,1,21) to the south of modern San Benedetto del Tronto. At T. the Via Salaria and the Adriatic coast road joined [1]. Archaeological remains: 3rd cent. BC - 7th cent. AD. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography 1 Miller, 215. V. Galiè, Castrum Truentum e Turris ad Truntum, 1984  A. R. Staffa, Città romane dell'Abruzzo adriatico, in: Journal of Ancient Topography 8, 1998, 33-42.

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Tribus | Coloniae Originally, the city of the Opici near the mouth of the river Trerus into the Liris, modern Rocca d'Arce. Until 354 BC, the city of the Volsci, destroyed by the Samnites (Liv. 8,23,6). In 328 BC, colonia Latina (Liv. 8,22,2; cf. 9,28,3). F. was loyal to Rome against Pyrrhus and Hannibal; the city took part in the outbreak of the 2nd war against the Samnites and was recaptured by the Samnites in 320 (Liv. 9,12,5-8), and recolonized by the Romans in 313 (Diod. Sic. 19…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Social Wars | Coloniae City of the Aurunci in Latium with a harbour on the Mare Tyrrhenum; hence its name (Ὁρμίαι; Hormíai or Φορμίαι ; Phormíai... διὰ τὸ εὔορμον; dià tò eúormon, ‘because of the good mooring’: Str. 5,3,6; cf. Fest. 83); located on the via Appia 8 km north of Gaeta, 88 miles from Rome (mile stones: CIL X 6859-6863). Caieta also belonged to the territory of F. F. was formerly called Mola di Gaeta, but in 1862 it was renamed Formia (Latina province). In myths F. is associate…

[German version] River in Venetia (Plin. HN 3,126; cf. Licenna, Tab. Peut. 4,4; Liquetia, Serv. Aen. 9,679; Liguentia, Geogr. Rav. 4,36; 115 km), modern Livenza. It has its source in the Alpes Carnicae, is crossed by the viae Postumia and Annia, and flowed into the Adriatic Sea at a mouth that today carries only a little water. This antique mouth is near Portus Liquentiae west of the modern mouth near Caorle (ancient Caprulae). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)

[German version] Lake in southern Etruria in a small volcanic crater, modern Lago di Martignano. Augustus had an aqueduct built from here, the aqua Augusta Alsietina, which provided water for the naumachia in Rome and the nemus Caesarum (Frontin. Aq. 1,11; 2,71) in Trastevere. At Careiae (modern Santa Maria di Galeria) it reached the Aro, an outlet for the lacus Sabatinus (modern Lago Bracchiano), which added more water; an overflow channel was intended for irrigation. The aqueduct continued south at the foot of the Ianiculum; the water was not potable. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)

[German version] Straight, 19 mile (cf. the name) long section of the via Appia from the Forum Appii to Tarracina, continued through the paludes Pontinae by means of a viaduct, and possibly built under P. Claudius [I 29] Pulcher ( aedilis curulis 255-253 BC). The decennovium was paved under Trajan in AD 110 (CIL X 6833-6835; 6839). The mutatio located at the halfway mark was called Ad Medias, the modern-day Mesa. There was a canal for tow boats parallel to the decennovium, which drained the swamps; Horace travelled on it (cf. the description at Hor. Sat. 1,5,3-…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Venetic | Villanova Culture | | Italy, languages | Oracles | Raeti, Raetia | Regio, regiones | Batavian Revolt City of the Veneti in the plain between the montes Euganei and the Laguna Veneta on a bend of the Meduacus, north-east of Ateste (Liv. 10,2,6), the modern Padova (Padua). According to Verg. Aen. 1,242-249 it was founded by the Trojan Antenor [1], who founded games there which were held every thirty years; the territory of P. was called pagus Troianus (Liv. 1,1,3). In 49 BC, P. became a municipium of the tribus Fabia (CIL V 26…

[German version] Ligurian peoples of the Appenninus north of the Arno, named after the settlement of Moukéllē (Μουκέλλη, Procop. Goth. 3,5) in the modern Mugello, upper Sieve valley, through which the road to Faventia led. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography C.A. Mastrelli, Sul nome del Mugello, in: SE 37, 1969, 109-126.

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Socii (Roman confederation) Town of the  Hirpini in Samnium ( Samnites) in the central Calore valley, on the crossing of the via Herdonitana (or Aeclanensis) with the   via Appia , c. 22 km south-east of  Beneventum (It. Ant. 102,2; Tab. Peut. 6,5), modern Grotte near Passo di Mirabella Eclano. Oscan inscriptions, amongst them a dedication to  Mefitis. Captured by Sulla in 89 BC,   municipium of the tribus Cornelia, regioII. In the 2nd cent. AD colonia Aelia Augusta A., under the administration of the   corrector Apuliae et Cala…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Tribus | Coloniae | Latini, Latium Town (possibly Volscian) on the mare Tyrrhenum below the mons Circeius, on the southern border of Latium, modern San Felice C. (Latina province).  Tarquinius Superbus supposedly founded C. and Signia as a colony but the coloni were expelled by  Coriolanus (Liv. 1,56,3; 2,39). In 393 BC C. was a colonia Latina. After an uprising C. joined the  Latin League (338 BC). The town declined after the Second Punic War; after 89 BC it was a municipium (Cic. Fin. 4,7) of the tribus Pomptina. Its oysters wer…

[German version] River in  Umbria (Str. 5,1,11), modern Marecchia, flows into the Adriatic near  Ariminum. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)

[German version] Station on the Via Aemilia Scauri in Etruria (Etrusci) between Vada Volaterrana (modern Vada) and Pisae; modern Torretta. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography E. Repetti, Dizionario geografico fisico storico della Toscana, vol. 5, 1843, 543.

[German version] Etruscan town in the ager Picentinus (cf. Plin. HN 3,70), later inhabited by Samnites, at a distance of 120 stadia from Pompeii (Str. 5,4,13); therefore probably to be identified with Vietri sul Mare (Salerno) (archaic graves). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography B. D'Agostino, Marcina?, in: Dialoghi d'Archeologia 2, 1968, 139-151 M. Frederiksen, Campania, 1984, 33.

[German version] Mountain north of Campania, which constituted the border of the ager Falernus at Casilino. It probably corresponds to the massif of Monte Maggiore (1037 m), which is encircled by a great loop of the river Volturnus. It was here that Q. Fabius Maximus attempted to halt Hannibal's progress in 217 BC (Liv. 22,15,3; 22,16,5). In Pol. 3,92 named as Ἐριβιανὸς λόφος, Eribianòs lóphos (possibly Τρεβιανὸς λόφος; Trebianòs lóphos, from Trebula). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Nissen 2, 688.

[German version] At Trigaboli, the Padus (Po) divided (Pol. 2,16,11; somewhere near Ferrara) to north and south into the  O. ( Volana, Plin. HN 3,120) and Padoa river branches, thus forming the delta. The mouth of the O. ran into a large harbour on the Adriatic (Pol. 2,16,12). Although its course today is somewhat different, the name has been preserved in that of the River Volano. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)

[German version] Town in Latium near Praeneste; member of the Latin League (Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 5,61). The arx Carventana is mentioned in connection with the disputes between Rome and the  Aequi until 409 BC (Liv. 4,53,55). No traces from a later period; its identification with Roccamassima is unfounded. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography BTCGI 5, 20-28.

[German version] [1] see Taras [2] See Taras [2]. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) [German version] [2] Sacred district in Rome Sacred district in Rome at the extreme northwest of the Campus Martius on the Tiber (Rome III. D.; Paul. Fest. 440 f.: Terentum). It was there that the Sabine Valesius from Eretum is supposed to have landed and established a cult on the spot where he had discovered an altar to Dis Pater and Proserpina at a depth of 20 feet. The cult was the preserve of the Valeria gens. For the games in T. see Ludi (III. K.). The nearby ford over the Tiber was…

[German version] Lake in southern Etruria near Caere (Frontin. Aq. 71; Columella 7,16; Sil. Pun. 8,492: Sabatia stagna; Str. 5,2,9: λίμνη Σαβάτα/ límnē Sabáta), modern Lago di Bracciano. The eponymous city (Geogr. Rav. 4,36: Sabbatis) is probably identical to modern Bracciano and was a station on the road running north of the SL from Forum [IV 1] Clodii (modern San Liberato) via Aquae Apollinares Novae (modern Vicarello; thermae, Roman sanctuary) to Baccanae (modern Baccano; Tab. Peut. 5,3). The tribus Sabatina (Fest. 464 f.) was named after the SL, while the tribus Arnensis [1. 274]…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Tribus | Coloniae | Coloniae A town of the  Aequi on the upper course of the Turano between Arsoli and Carsòli. Colonia latina (302-298 BC) on the via Valeria, 42 miles from Rome. In 168 BC, Bithys, the son of the Thracian king, was exiled there. From 89 BC a municipium of the tribus Aniensis. Ovid staid there (Ov. Fast. 4,681ff.). Few pre-Roman remains, regular town structure with tufa walls in opus quadratum and polygonal limestone terracing. Temple complex; 3 km to the east a votive repository of the 6th-2nd cen…

[German version] Road station on the Via Quinctia between  Faesulae and Pisae on the Arnus (Tab. Peut. 4,1 f.) at modern Cascina. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography A. Mosca, Via Quinctia 2, in: Journal of Ancient Topography 9, 1999, 165-174.

[German version] Harbour in Etruria (It. maritimum 500,6: Scabris), modern Portiglione di Scarlino in the Gulf of Follonica opposite Ilva (Elba). Station on the via Aurelia between the mouth of the Umbro and Populonia (It. Ant. 292,3: Salebrone; Tab. Peut. 4,3: Saleborna), where parts of road paving survive. Labrone in Cic. Ad Q. Fr. 2,5,8 is probably the corruptly transmitted placename S. (amended by Wesseling to Salebrone). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)

[German version] City in Lucania on a hilly ridge (663 m high) in the valley of the Tanager, modern Buccino (in the province of Salerno). Subjugated in 209 BC by the Romans (Liv. 27,15,2), at first a municipium of the tribus Pomptina, then a praefectura (Liber coloniarum 1,209). The Numestrani (Plin. HN. 3,61; Numistro) and the pagi Forensis and Naranus (Nares Lucanae, modern Lo Scorzo) were assigned to it (CIL X 407). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography V. Bracco, V. (Forma Italiae, Regio III, vol. 2), 1978  Id., V. in: Supplementa Italica, N. S. 3, 1987  W. Johannowsky, Italici …

[German version] (Ξουθία; Xouthía). Region ( chôra) at Leontini, kingdom of a mythical ruler, Xuthus [2], still so called in the time of Diodorus [18] (5,8,2)  (in Steph. Byz. s. v. Ξ. incorrectly listed as a city). The name of Sortino, 16 km to the south of modern Lentini, recorded from the 13th cent. onwards, may derive from X. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography E. Manni, Geografia fisica e politica della Sicilia antica, 1981, 92, 242.

[German version] Statio of the Via Latina in Latium, 13 Roman miles away from Rome (Itin. Anton. 305,7), possibly today's Osteria della Molara. The name is derived from the oaks (Latin robur) in this area (compare Gell. NA 2,20,5). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography G. Tomassetti, La Campagna Romana, 1910, 519 (reprint 1976).

[German version] Central-Italian river (Ov. Fast. 6,565), modern Turano. It rises in the Montes Simbruini (modern Monti Simbruini), flows through the territory of the Aequi of Carsioli (to the northeast of modern Cársoli), of the Sabini of Trebula Mutuesca (near Monteleone Sabino) and Reate, where it joins with the Avens to form the Rosea Rura wetlands. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography A. R. Staffa, La viabilità romana della valle del Turano, in: Xenia 6, 1983, 37-44  Id., L'assetto territoriale, in: ArchCl 36, 1984, 231-265.

[German version] City of the Ausones on the northwestern slopes of Mons Massicus, where the Liris (modern Garigliano) flows into the Mare Tyrrhenum (Luc. 2,425). It remains to be located. V. became involved in the war between Rome and the Latini (341-340 BC; Liv. 8,11,5 for the year 340); it was destroyed by the Romans in 314 BC (Liv. 9,25,4) and not rebuilt. The place name has survived in Saltus Vescinus (Liv. 10,21,8; modern Monte Roccamonfina; [1. 12 f.]), in Montes Vescini, in Aquae Vescinae (modern Terme di Suio), in Ager Vescinus (Liv. 10,21,7, modern Piano di Sessa, where i…

[German version] Praefectura of the Vestini, tribus Quirina, in regio IV (Plin. HN 3,107; CIL IX 3314) on a plateau (approx. 870 m) at the foot of the Mons Fiscellus (now Gran Sasso), the present-day San Paolo di Peltuino at Castelnuovo di Ansedonia. Evidence of intensive construction in the period after 43 BC (city wall, theatre and housing; Aqua Augusta, restored AD 78). The decumanus maximus was overlaid by the via Claudia Nova from AD 47 (today 'tratturo'). The settlement concentrated along this road from the 3rd cent. AD. It declined gradually after the earthq…

[German version] Municipium in Picenum, tribus Velina, Regio V, established in the 2nd cent. BC on the left bank of the upper Flusor (modern Potenza) (Str. 5,4,2; Ptol. 3,1,52; Plin.  HN  3,111); located 2 km to the east of San Severino Marche near Macerata. S. was on a connecting road between the Via Salaria and the Via Flaminia (It. Ant. 312; 316; cf. CIL IX 5936). Remains of the city wall survive. The existence of a 7th cent. BC Piceni settlement with a necropolis at Pitino 4 km to the northeast of S. has been demonstrated. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography M. Landolfi, S., 1991.

[German version] Way station in Etruria on the v ia Clodia, 12 miles from Tuscana and 18 miles from Saturnia (Tab. Peut. 5,1). Its exact location is unknown. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Miller, 296.

[German version] Left tributary of the  Tiber, the border between Sabinum and Latium; it rises on the southern slope of the Simbru(v)ini colles ( Simbru(v)inus) on the territory of the  Aequi; at the waterfalls of Trevi (Treba) with their deep and narrow gorges, it flows out into the plains. The river dams up at the three Simbru(v)ini colles -- near Sublaqueum, Varia (modern Vicovaro), and at Tibur, where it cascades down to the plains from a height of 100 m. From that point onwards, it is navigable (Str. 5,3,11; Plin. HN 3,5 -- export of travertine = lapis Tiburtinus, tuff, and red sandsto…

[German version] Forest in southern Etruria to the southwest of Veii on the coastal strip to the north of the Tiber's mouth between the sea and the lagoon. It was taken from Veii in the course of the construction of Ostia under Ancus Marcius [I 3] (Liv. 1,33,9; Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 3,41). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Nissen 2, 359.

[German version] (Ῥωμυλία; Rhōmylía). Samnite city in the region of the Hirpini, located on the La Toppa mountain (988 m) near present-day Bisaccia (Prov. Avellino) (Steph. Byz. s. v. Ῥ.). In 296 BC, R. was badly affected in the 3rd Samnite War (Liv. 10,17,6 f.; 11: Romulea). Situated below R. was the statio Subromula on the via Appia (It. Ant. 120,3; Tab. Peut. 6,5; Geogr. Rav. 4,20: Submurula), 16 Roman miles from Aec(u)lanum and 11 miles from Aquilonia [2]. Samnites, Samnium Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)

[German version] Left-hand tributary of the Tiber in the region of the Sabini (Ov. Met. 14,330; Sil. Pun. 4,182); Latinized as Fabaris (Verg. Aen. 7,715; Vibius Sequester 148), the modern Farfa; it flows by Trebula Mutuesca. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Nissen vol. 2, 478 M. P. Muzzioli, s.v. Fabaris, EV 2, 451.

[German version] Road station in Etruria (Tab. Peut. 5,1) on the via Aurelia between Centumcellae and Graviscae near the mouth of the Minio. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography C. Corsi, Le strutture di servizio del cursus publicus in Italia, 2000, 143.

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Umbri, Umbria | Coloniae | Etrusci, Etruria | Etrusci, Etruria | Regio, regiones | Batavian Revolt Originally an Umbrian settlement, then a member of the Etruscan League of twelve cities (Liv. 9,37,12), east of Lacus Trasumenus on a rise on the right bank of the Tiber, modern Perugia. Municipium of the tribus Tromentina, regio VII (Plin. HN 3,52). Subjugated by Rome in 295 BC (Liv. 10,31,3), P. in 205 BC supplied grain and wood to Cornelius [I 71] Scipio for the planned invasion of Africa (Liv. 28,45,18). P. was the site of the bellum…