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[English version] (Λυσικλῆς). L. war ein Freund des Perikles und wie dieser Vertreter einer offensiven athen. Politik gegenüber Sparta (Aristoph. Equ. 765: Kleon-Vorgänger). Ein L. war (432 v.Chr. ?) Antragsteller eines Dekrets über Seerüstungen bzw. über den Apollon von Delos (IG I2 128 Z. 3; Ergänzungen in SEG 21, 37, IG I3 130a). Nach 429 v.Chr. heiratete L. Perikles' Witwe Aspasia (Plut. Perikles 24), 428/7 fiel er als Stratege in Karien (Thuk. 3,19,1f.). Aristophanes läßt ihn in den ‘Rittern als Kleinvieh(groß)händler auftreten (Aristoph. Equ. 132 mit schol.). Will, Wolfgang …

[English version] (Πρωτέας). Sohn des Andronikos, Makedone, wohl mit P., dem Sohn der Lanike, der Amme Alexandros' [4] d.Gr., zu identifizieren. Er sammelte 334/3 v. Chr. auf Befehl des Antipatros [1] in Euboia und auf der Peloponnes Schiffe zum Schutz der Inseln und des Festlandes. Im Frühsommer 333 gelang es ihm, ein persisches Vorkommando unter Datames bei der Insel Siphnos zu überraschen und acht der zehn Schiffe zu kapern (Arr. an. 2,2,4-5). P. legte dabei in zwei Nachtfahrten über 120 Seemei…

[English version] 61 - 59 v. Chr. Legat des Q. Tullius Cicero in Asia (Cic. ad Q. fr. 1,1,10), 55 Volkstribun (MRR 2, 217), 49 praetor (Cic. fam. 10,15,3), 48-46 procos. in Sicilia (MRR 2, 275; 288; 296). In dieser Funktion unterstützte er Caesar während des afrikanischen Feldzuges im Jan. 46 mit Truppen (Bell. Afr. 34,4). 44/43 war er zunächst Legat des Trebonius, dann Dolabellas (MRR 2, 352). Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)

(Πάραλος). [English version] [1] Sohn des Perikles [1] Sohn des Perikles [1] aus erster Ehe. Er starb 430/429 v.Chr. an der Pest (Plut. Perikles 36,8). Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) [English version] [2] (athen. Staatsschiff) s. Salaminia (athenisches Staatsschiff) s. Salaminia

[English version] 52 v.Chr. Richter im Prozeß gegen Annius [I 14] Milo (Cic. Mil. 75) wegen der Ermordung des Clodius [I 4]. Praetor möglicherweise bereits 55 oder früher ([1. 268f.]; MRR 2,295: 46 [?]), Promagistrat in Sizilien 50-49, Proconsul ebendort 45 (MRR 3,96). Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) Bibliography 1 G.V. Sumner, The lex annalis under Caesar, in: Phoenix 25, 1971, 246-271.

[English version] Fürst der seit 57 v.Chr. mit Rom verbündeten Remi ( primus civitatis), hielt im selben J. als Kommandant von Bibrax die Stadt bis zum Eintreffen röm. Hilfe gegen einen Angriff der Belger (Caes. Gall. 2,3,1; 6,4; 7,1). Caesar Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)

Plebeian family name, attested from the 2nd cent. BC. (Schulze, 144; ThlL, Onom. 137f.). [German version] [1] C. Gallus, L. People's tribune 56 BC People's tribune 56 BC; he sought, without success, the reinstatement of Ptolemy Auletes in Egypt (MRR 2,209). In 56 BC, he was defended by Cicero (Fam. 7,1,4), in 51 BC in Athens frequently in his company, and visited him in Rome in 46 BC. He died in 44 BC. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] C. Gallus, L. Consul in 37 BC Son of C. [1], consul of 37 BC with M. Vipsanius  Agrippa (MRR 2,395; PIR 22 C 389). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) …

(Θουκυδίδης/ Thoukydídēs). [German version] [1] Son-in-law of Cimon [2], 5th cent. BC Son of Melesias, son-in-law of Cimon [2] (Schol. Aristid. 46), Athenian politician from the Alopece deme. Represented the oligarchs from the mid-450s, at least from 449. Plutarch made him the embodiment of the political forces opposing Pericles [1] (Plut. Pericles 6,2 f.; 8,5; 11; 14; Fab. Max. 30,2). T. attacked Athenian building policies, because, being linked with a social welfare and employment programme, they strength…

(Δρακοντίδης; Drakontídēs). [German version] [1] Athenian, commander in the Peloponnesian War Athenian, son of Leogoras from the deme Thorae; in 446/5 BC epistátēs, in 433/2 stratēgós and in that capacity one of the commanders of a relief fleet for Cercyra in the autumn of 433 (cf. Thuc. 1,51,4; on the corruption of the text at that point see [1. 95]). D. was a bitter opponent of Pericles and in 430 aided in his removal (Plut. Pericles 32,3) [2]. Davies 4551. Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) Bibliography 1 S. Hornblower, Commentary 1, 1991 2 F. J. Frost, Pericles and Dracontides, in: JHS 84, …

Roman family name, presumably of Etruscan origin (in Greek also Καρείνας, Καρρείνας; Kareínas, Karreínas), reliably attested from the 1st cent. BC (ThlL, Onom. 2,209f.). I. Republican Age [German version] [I 1] C., C. Follower of Marius Follower of Marius, in the Civil War sent to Picenum against  Pompeius in 83 BC (Plut. Pompeius 7); he was praetor in 82 BC , and suffered a number of defeats in northern and central Italy. After the flight of the consul Cn.  Papirius Carbo to Africa, the remaining Marian military leaders united their troops with the Samn…

[German version] [1] Ruler of east Mauretania, 81 BC Son of and successor to  Bocchus I, ruler of east Mauretania as far as the Mulucha. The mariner  Eudoxus of Cyzicus paid a call on him (Posidonius in Str. 2,3,4). In 81 BC B. sided with  Pompeius, who was campaigning against the supporters of Marius at Sulla's behest, against  Hiarbas, of Numidia (Oros. 5,21,14; Plut. Pompon. 12) [1. 67-68; 2. 266-274].  Hiempsal Meißner, Burkhard (Halle/Saale) Bibliography 1 M.-R. Alföldi, Die Gesch. des numidischen Königreiches und seiner Nachfolger, in: H. G. Horn, C. B. Rüger (ed.), Die Nu…

Plebeian gentile name (extension of Aurunceius, ThlL 2,1532f. [1. 354]); there are records of the family in Rome from the 3rd cent. BC, but they ceased to have any significance during the imperial time. [German version] [1] A., C. Praetor in 209 BC in Sardinina and propraetor in 208 Praetor in 209 BC in Sardinina and propraetor in 208 (MRR 1,285; 291). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] A., L. Praetor urbanus in 190 BC Praetor urbanus in 190 BC; amongst those sent to reorganize the situation in Asia Minor in 189 (MRR 1, 356; 363). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Sch…

Plebeian family name, from Durnius (Schulze, 160; ThlL Onom. s.v. D.). Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) [German version] [1] D., C. Friend of Annius Milo, 1st cent. BC Friend ( amicissimus) of Annius [I 14] Milo, whom he helped during or after his trial for the murder of  Clodius [I 4]. Cic. Att. 5,8,2f. Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) [German version] [2] D., L. Praetor in Apulia 181 BC 181 BC praetor in Apulia. When Tarentum and Brundisium complained about piracy, he received the praetorship of Istria additionally, and thus probably the task of protecting the Adriatic coast …

I. Historical [German version] A. Youth and early career C. Iulius Caesar was born in 100 BC on the 13th of Quintilis (from 44 BC: Iulius/July); his mother was Aurelia, a daughter of L. Aurelius Cotta ( cos. 119 BC; [1. 327]). His father became praetor in 92 BC, and died 85 BC. Nothing is known of C.'s childhood and early youth. As it was the custom for the Roman aristocracy, C., too, presumably spent his first years in the care of his mother, followed between the ages of 7 and 15 by elementary schooling and grammatical tuition (G…

[German version] [1] Q., praetor 56 BC Q., 73 BC legate in Greece (Syll.3 748), 65 (?) proquaestor in Macedonia (IvOl 328). As tribune of the people, 59 he opposed the politics of the consul  Caesar together with his colleague Bibulus (Cic. Sest. 113; Vatin. 16; Cass. Dio 38,6,1: schol. Bob. 135, 146St.). After the praetorship of 56 followed the proconsulate in Maedonia (Cic. Fam. 13,40) Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) [German version] [2] C. Rufus (1st half of 1st cent. BC) C., Rufus from Fulginae, accuser (?) of L. Varenus c. 80 BC [1]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [3] Priscus (1st …

Roman gentilicium. [German version] [1] C., praef. socium 201 BC C., praef. socium 201 BC (Liv. 31,2,5-9). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] Balbus, T., Praetor 59 BC, historian Balbus, T., tribunus plebis 63 BC (Vell. Pat. 2,40,4), praetor 59, finally procos. in Asia (MRR 2, 197). After his return he was an unsuccessful candidate for the consulate in 55 (schol. Bob. 156St.), in the Civil War he fought on the side of Pompey ( Pompeius), for whom he had already as tribunus plebis especially applied himself and who therefore had supported him when he ran for con…

(Εὐκράτης; Eukrátēs). [German version] [1] Athenian strategos 432/1 BC Athenian strategos in 432/1 BC (IG I3 365.5), participated in a campaign to Macedonia. Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) [German version] [2] Choregos and strategos in Athens about 415 BC Choregos and strategos in Athens. The brother of  Nicias. In 415 BC accused of the mutilation of the Herms but released (And. 1,47; 66). In 412/1 in Thrace as strategos. In 405/4 again strategos, he resisted together with other generals the peace terms negotiated by Theramenes during the blockade of Athens and, therefore,…

(Εὐφράνωρ; Euphránōr). [German version] [1] Sculptor, painter and art critic in Athens, c. 364-361 BC Important sculptor, painter and art critic ( Art, theory of) in Athens with his acme in 364-361 BC. As paintings the ‘Battle of Mantinea’ (362 BC), the ‘Apotheosis of Theseus’ and ‘Twelve Gods in the Stoa Eleutherios’ are described and ‘Democracy and Demos’ and ‘Odysseus’ are mentioned. E. described his ‘Theseus’ as ‘meat-nourished’ in contrast to the ‘rose-nourished’ one by  Parrhasius. Ancient art critics emphasized the versatility and dignitas of his representation of the …

(Περικλῆς; Periklês). [German version] [1] Athenian Politician Athenian politician. Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) [German version] A. Descent and early career P. was probably born between 495 and 490 as the son of Agariste [2] (according to Hdt. 6,131, she dreamt that she would bear a lion), a member of the Alcmaeonid family, and Xanthippus. P. had two sons (Xanthippus and Paralus [1]) from his first marriage and a third son P. from his union with the Milesian Aspasia [2]. Later tradition numbered Anaxagoras [2], Zeno of …

(Ἀγαρίστη; Agarístē). [German version] [1] Mother of  Cleisthenes of Athens (6th cent. BC) Daughter of the tyrant  Cleisthenes of Sicyon, wife of the Alcmaeonid  Megacles, mother of  Cleisthenes of Athens. The story of the long courtship before her marriage around 575 BC can be regarded as the paradigmatic depiction of the lifestyle of the archaic aristocracy (Hdt. 6,126 ff.).  Aristocracy Stein-Hölkeskamp, Elke (Cologne) Bibliography E. Stein-Hölkeskamp, Adelskultur und Polisges., 1989, 117-119. [German version] [2] Athenian, mother of Pericles Athenian, great-grandda…