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I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] V., P. Ancestor of V. [I 2] from Reate, who was told of a victory over Perseus [2] in a dream in 168 BC (Cic. Nat. D. 2,6; 3,13; Val. Max. 1,8,1). Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] V., P. Born c. 95 BC, d. after 42 BC. Presumably from Reate (Cic. Nat. D. 2,6 on V. [I 1]), V. achieved a political rise in Rome under the patronage of the Iulii Caesares: since he was married (schol. Bobiensia 149 St.) to Antonia, a niece of L. Iulius [I 6] Caesar, the latter as consul in 64 may have sponsored…

[German version] [1] V. Tullus, C. Recorded in 53-48 BC as a junior officer of Caesar (Caes. B Gall. 6,29,3: adulescentem; 8,46,4(?); Caes. B Civ. 3,52,2). Brother or cousin of V. [3]. Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [German version] [2] V. Tullus, L. (before 109 - after 46 BC). Although he failed to be elected aedile, in 66, V. succeeded in gaining a consulship (Cic. Planc. 51);during his year of office, his most memorable deed appears to have been his rejection of Catilina's candidacy for a consulship (Sall. Catil. 18,3). In 56, he spoke up for…

Name of an originally Etruscan plebeian family (Etruscan form Velimna) that was significant in the early Republic. The Volumnii of the 1st cent. BC are not its descendants. The tomb of the V. in Perusia (modern Perugia) with bilingual inscriptions (CIL XI 1963 - CIE 3763) was used from the 2nd cent. onwards. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] V., P. Fought in 42 BC as a friend of M. Iunius [I 10] Brutus in the battle of Philippi, and wrote about it in a now lost work (Plut. Brutus 48; 51). Possibly identical to V. [4]? Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [German version] [2] V. Amintinus Gallus…

[German version] Variant of the nomen gentile Vinius (Schulze, 425). The most important representative is V. Asina (MSS and scholia record various cognomina), addressee of Hor. Epist. 1,13 who is asked to forward works by Horace to Augustus. The social status of the messenger, who is not represented very flatteringly, is not revealed; V. may also be fictional. Bartels, Jens (Bonn)

[German version] Presumably from an equestrian family; at the end of 46 BC (Cic. Fam. 4,14,1-3) she was married for her inheritance by her trustee Cicero. The marriage was short and unhappy: It earned Cicero mockery because of the great age difference between them, and the young woman was shunned by him because he suspected her of insufficiently mourning the death of his daughter Tullia  (Plut. Cicero 41; Cass. Dio 46,18,3 f.). Bartels, Jens (Bonn) Bibliography M. Gelzer, Cicero, 1969, 288; 292 f.

A rare Roman family name, probably derived from Plancus. We know of Plancii from Atina (P. [1-2]) in the 1st cent. BC, and of Plancii from Perge in the 1st -2nd cents. AD. [German version] [1] P., Cn. Tax farmer, 1st cent. BC Of an old equestrian family from Atina (Cic. Planc. 32; cf. CIL X 5075; 5119). He served under Licinius [I 15] Crassus in Spain, probably in 96-93 BC. Thereafter active as a tax farmer ( P ublicani ). In 61-59 BC he distinguished himself as the spokesman for the tax farmers of Asia in a dispute about an inheritance concerning tax…

Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [German version] A. Generic Concept (CT) Long before Büchmann there existed a body of familiar 'famous quotations' from the ancient languages. Vast numbers of such quotations from lost works fill our collections of fragments: Solon's “γηράσκω δ' αiεi πολλὰ διδασκόμενος”, "I grow old and ever go on learning" may stand as one example for hundreds of others. Macrobius in the Saturnalia 5,16,7, gives a series of quotations from Virgil "which are used proverbially by all" (“vice proverbio…

[German version] Supposedly the lover who was the subject of Tibullus elegies under the pseudonym Delia (Apul. Apol. 10). Bartels, Jens (Bonn)

Roman nomen gentile, possibly connected to the Etruscan pupu. The family is otherwise politically insignificant; the adoptive father of the consul for 61 BC, P. [I 3], is unknown. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republic [German version] [I 1] In Horace, the author of tragedies, 1st cent. BC The only source for the author P. is Horatius (Epist. 1,1,67). According to this, P. was probably an author of tragedies. He lived in the 1st cent. BC. The scope and precise content of his poetry is unknown. Günther, Matthias (Bielefeld) Bibliography Bardon, vol. 2, 47  Courtney, 307. …

[German version] Etruscan haruspex famous in Rome in the middle of the 1st cent. BC (Haruspices). In 44 he prophesied the danger threatening Caesar (Cic. Div. 1,119; Suet. Iul. 81; Val. Max. 8,11,2); he is presumably the summus haruspex who warned him in 46 against an early crossing to Africa (Cic. Div. 2,52). Evidently, however, such prophecies were not taken very seriously ( cf. Cic. Fam. 9,24,2). Bartels, Jens (Bonn)

Roman nomen gentile, sometimes confused with Sextius. The family surfaced as patrician with S. [1] and [5] in the mid 5th cent. BC. In the late Republic, it had only (politically insignificant) plebeian members. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] S., L. In order to illustrate the just administration of the first collegium of decemviri , especially the justice of C. Iulius [I 13] Iullus, Livy (3,33,9 f.) and Cicero (Rep. 2,61) tell the anecdote that after a corpse was found buried in the house of S., Iulius - who,…

Uncommon Roman nomen gentile (Schulze, 373). [German version] T., T. Served as an equestrian prefect or military tribune under Caesar in Gaul. While requisitioning grain in the winter of 57/6 BC he and other officers were captured by Breton tribes who were then subjugated (Caes. Gall. 3,7-16). Bartels, Jens (Bonn)

Roman gens of Etruscan origin (Schulze, 248). [German version] [1] V., L. was accused c. 80 BC of murder and defended by Cicero, who claimed that the deed had been in the interest of the accuser Ancharius [2] Rufus and that hence he was the murderer, but lost the case (Prisc. Institutiones grammaticae 7,70; 12,29; Quint. Inst. 5,13,28; 7,1,9; 7,2,36; 9,2,56). Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [German version] [2] V. Rufus A senator; he represented the province of Bithynia et Pontus in the Senate against the proconsul Iulius [II 28] Bassus, who had been accused of extortion (…

Italian, presumably a family name from Etruria (Schulze 80; 225). Cf. also Satyrius. I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] S., M. As the son of L. Minucius Basilus's sister, he was adopted by him, but was bypassed by means of a forged will (Cic. Off. 3,73 f.; Minucius [I 4]). In 44/43 BC he is recorded as patron of the Picentes and Sabines and a follower of M. Antonius [I 9] (Cic. Off. 3,74; Cic. Phil. 2,107). He cannot be identified with the legate of C. Trebonius in Cicero (Ad Brut. 1,6,3). Bartels, Jens (Bonn) II. Imperial period [German version] [II 1] S. Rufus Senator in the reign of …

Italian family name, attested at Rome from the 1st cent. BC, but of political importance only from the time of Augustus, with S. [II 4-6] (Schulze, 228). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] S., L. Mint magistrate in 101 BC (RRC 328) and praetor urbanus c. 93-89 (ILS 8208; Syme, RP 2, 608 f.). Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] S. Saturninus Vetulo Proscribed in 43 BC, took refuge on Sicily (Val. Max. 7,3,9). With his cousin Scribonius [I 7] Libo he led the embassy to Antonius [B I 9] for Sex. Pompeius [I 5] in 40 B…

Name of a Roman patrician family (epigraphically also Serveilius), said to have migrated to Rome from Alba Longa under king Tullus Hostilius [4] (Liv. 1,30,2; Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 3,29,7). The oldest branches are the Ahalae and Fidenates in the 5th and 4th cents. BC; the Caepiones and Gemini, from whom the Vatiae (Isaurici) descended, appear in the 3rd cent. The last prominent member of the Servilii Caepiones was the murderer of Caesar, M. Iunius [I 10] Brutus, son of Servilia [1], and himself adopted into the family. I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] A fleet commander in the B…

Roman family name, probably derived from Varus. Name-bearers first attested in the 1st cent. BC, but only in the Imperial period did they attain any prominence. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] V. Cotyla, L. Aedile in 48, 47 or 44 BC (Cic. Phil. 13,26), emissary at Rome for M. Antonius [I 9] in 43, and his legate in Gallia transalpina (Cic. Phil. 5,5-7; 8,24-32; Plut. Antonius 18,8). Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] V. Rufus, L. Roman poet, c. 70-15 BC Renowned Roman poet (Hor. Ars P. 55) of the Augustan period (c. 70-15 BC). Wi…

Old and frequently attested Roman nomen gentile (Schulze, 242; 425). I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] T., T. As praef. of the Pompeians, he took part in the fortification of Curubis in c. 47 BC (ILS 5319). Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] T. Damio Owned a vestibulum (hallway) on the via Sacra in Rome into which Cicero fled from P. Clodius [I 4] in 57 BC (Cic. Att. 4,3,3). Bartels, Jens (Bonn) II. Imperial period [German version] [II 1] C. T. Africanus Cassianus Priscus Eques, from Asisium. Under Vespasianus praefectus vigilum and praefectus annonae; under Titus [II …

Italic nomen gentile. The family was from the ancient local aristocracy of Praeneste (CIL I2 279-290; 1467-1471; 2439) and is attested in Rome itself and as traders on Delos from the end of the 2nd cent. BC onwards (RRC 204). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] S., L. Appears in Cicero's letters 67-44 BC as an Epicurean (Cic. Att. 7,2,4) and a friend of Pomponius [I 5] Atticus (Cic. Att. 7,1,1). In 43 the latter rescued S., who had been proscribed because of his wealth  (Nep. Att. 12,3). Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [German version] [2] S., M. Leader of Annius [I 14] Milo's followe…

[German version] [1] Wife of M. Licinius [I 11] Crassus Married before 87 BC to M. Licinius [I 11] Crassus, after previously being married to his  elder brother (who was dead when she remarried). Alongside public praise (Cic. Cael. 9) there were also rumours of affairs (Plut. Cicero 25,5; Suet. Iul. 50,1). Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [German version] [2] Grandmother of Vespasian Wife of T. Flavius Petro, a veteran of the Civil War, and grandmother of the emperor Vespasianus, whom she raised on her estate in Cosa (Suet. Vesp. 1 f.). Bartels, Jens (Bonn)