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[German Version] (Dec 12, 1859, Dresden – May 6, 1931, Heidelberg), church historian. Beginning in 1878, he studied humanities and political science in Leipzig, Bonn, Straßburg (Strasbourg), and Zürich; after receivin…

[German Version] (Oct 4, 1787, Nîmes, France – Sep 12, 1874, Val-Richer, France). The son of politically persecuted Huguenots, Guizot taught history in Paris from 1812 onward. Opposed to Charles X, he adopted a liberal-conservative stance and called for a monarchic constitution in order to secure the achievements of the revolution. His licence to teach was withdrawn in 1822. Guizot's publications were instrumental in paving the way for the revolution of 1830. As minister of education (1832–1837) a…

[German Version] 1. Ludwig (Apr 2, 1846, Schwelm – Jan 29, 1922, Bonn), pastor and social policy maker. After studying in Bonn, Berlin, and Erlangen, Weber received his Lic.theol. from Bonn in 1868 and was appointed senior assistant at the Johannesstift in Berlin. In 1871 he w…

[German Version] I. Church History – II. Practical Theology – III. Missions in the Free Churches …

[German Version] From the 16th century, Klausenburg (Romanian: Cluj; Hungarian: Kolozsvár) was the academic center of Transylvania. Two Jesuit (Jesuits) universities existed only for brief periods (1581–1603, 1698–1773), lyceums and academies served the training of the Reformed and Unitarian (Unitarians/Universalists) clergy. A Reformed theological aca…

[German Version] (Sep 3, Oliva [today part of Gdansk] – Nov 30, 1955, Düsseldorf), jurist. After studying political science and law, he received his doctorate in 1922 and began a career in judicial service in 1923. Having joined the National Socialist Party, he…

[German Version] I. General Student associations are the umbrella organizations of student groups and societies associated with universities and colleges, which serve a wide variety of purposes and interests – political, social, athletic, and cultural; they also vary in their denominational association or attitude toward religion, gender, principles of conduct, and attitude toward student traditions. Student societies as interest groups and living units are as old as the universities. The nationes, collegia, and bursae (Bursa) of the Middle Ages were followed by comp…

[German Version] I. Church History – II. Legal Considerations I. Church History …

[German Version] (Mar 15, 1830, Karlsruhe – Jan 5, 1890, Celle). In the family tradition, Frommel had artistic ambitions, but his mother's influence, who had sympathies with the Revival movement (Revival/Revival movements), led him to study theology instead. Won over to the revivalism of neo-Lutheranism by F.A.G. Tholuck in Halle, G.C.A. v. Harleß in…

[German Version] (Mar 14, 1874, Wrocław [Ger. Breslau], Poland – Apr 3, 1943, Berlin), youth/social worker. From 1894, an aid in the shelter for young women, Verein Jugendheim, in Berlin, she served as its superintendent from 1898, and from 1908 as the chairperson of the organization. Gierke promoted age-appropriate care for Berlin school children in day care institutions, arguing that shelters along with s…

[German Version] 1. Adolf von (Jan 6, 1796, Berlin – Nov 23, 1882, Batzwitz [today Baszewice, Poland]), estate owner. As a young officer in Berlin, Thadden-Trieglaff came into contact with the Romantic conservative Christlich-Deutsche Tischgesellschaft; in 1816 he came into contact with the Catholic revival movement in southern Germany (Revival/Revival movements: I, 7). To the displeasure of church and state authorities, he established a homegroup on his estate; in its influential successor, O. v. Bi…

[German Version] I. Church History – II. Church Law – III. Dogmatics – IV. Ethics I. Church History 1. Early Church The first written formulations of church law were assembled in church orders, drawing on Old Testament and New Testament legislation. This occurred at a time when the law was generally transmitted orally, sometimes even only in secr…

[German Version] (Mar 5, 1803, Calw – Jul 6, 1861, Karlsbad), a historian, studied theology and philosophy at Tübingen, becoming tutor at the Stift there in 1828 and city vi…

[German Version] (Sep 20, 1900, Haarlem – Jul 4, 1985, Geneva), secretary general of the World Council of Churches (1938/1948–1966), afterwards its honorary president. After studying theology and law in Leiden and Selly Oak and participating in the evangelistic Dutch Christian Student Movement in 1924 he became secretary of the World Committee for the YMCA in Geneva. In 1925 he was the youngest delegate to the Worl…

[German Version] (Dec 27, 1870, Elberfeld – Feb 18, 1946, Heidelberg). After studying history and theology, Köhler gained his Dr.phil. in Heidelberg in 1895 and Lic.theol. in Tübingen in 1898. His Habilitation ¶ thesis was accepted at Gießen in 1900. He became associate professor th…

[English Version] Visser 't Hooft, Willem Adolf (20.9.1900 Haarlem – 4.7.1985 Genf), 1938/1948–1966 Generalsekretär des Ökumenisch…

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[English Version] 1.  Adolf v. , (6.1.1796 Berlin – 23.11.1882 Batzwitz), Gutsbesitzer. Der junge Offizier Th.-T. kam in Berlin mit der romantisch-konservativen Christl.-Dt. Tischgesellschaft in Kontakt, 1816 mit der süddt.-kath. Erweckungsbewegung (: I.,7.). Auf seinem Gut Trieglaff etablierte Th.-T. zum Mißfallen staatl. und kirchl. Stellen einen Hauskreis, in dessen einflußreichem Nachfolger auch O.v. Bismarck seine Bekehrung erlebte. Norddt. erweckte Pfarrer kamen seit 1829 auf dem Gut zu Konfer…

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[English Version] 1.  Ludwig , (2.4.1846 Schwelm – 29.1.1922 Bonn), Pfarrer und Sozialpolitiker. Studium der Theol. in Bonn, Berlin und Erlangen, 1868 in Bonn Promotion zum Lic. theol., dann Oberhelfer im Johannisstift in Berlin, 1871 Hilfsprediger in Iserlohn, 1872 Pfarrer in Dellwig. Bes. als Pfarrer in Mönchen-Gladbach (1881–1914) baute W. Arbeiter- (Arbeitervereinsbewegung), Sittlichkeits-, Frauen- und Bildungsvereine auf und wirkte in deren Dachverbänden maßgeblich mit. Mit A. Stoecker und A. W…

[English Version] Schubert,  Hans v. (12.12.1859 Dresden – 6.5.1931 Heidelberg), Kirchenhistoriker. Seit 1878 geistes- und staatswiss. Studium in Leipzig,…