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[German version] (Ἰόλη; Iólē). Daughter of  Eurytus [1], king of Oechalia, and Antioche (Hes. Cat. fr. 26,31a), sister of  Iphitus, who was murdered by Heracles (cf. Hom. Od. 21,11-41). Although Heracles wins I. in the archery contest arranged by Eurytus, the latter refuses to give him his daughter (Pherecydes FGrH 3 F 82a; Apollod. 2,6,1-3; Diod. Sic. 4,31,37). In revenge for the period of servitude with  Omphale imposed on him as retribution for the murder of Iphitus, Heracles destroys Oechalia a…

(Περίβοια; Períboia). Name of numerous mythical women, including: [German version] [1] Naiad, mother by Icarius of Penelope Naiad, mother by Icarius [2] of Penelope (Apollod. 3,126). Waldner, Katharina (Berlin) [German version] [2] Youngest daughter of Eurymedon, King of the Titans Youngest daughter of Eurymedon [1], king of the Titans, mother by Poseidon of the first Phaeacian king Nausithous [1] (Hom. Od. 6,56-59). Waldner, Katharina (Berlin) [German version] [3] One of the first two girls chosen by lots to pacify Athena One of the first two girls chosen by lots, to be se…

[German version] [1] Arcadian nymph (Σύριγξ; Sýrinx). Arcadian nymph. Fleeing from Pan, who intends to violate her, she is transformed beside the River Ladon into a reed, from which Pan constructs a flute (named after him) (S. [2]). From then on the shepherd's flute is considered to be an instrument expressing longing for love (Ov. Met. 1,690-712). Numerous allusions show that the tale was known not only in Latin verse, but also in Greek, no later than the Hellenistic Period (Longus 2,34 f.; Ach. Tat. …

[German version] (Ἑκαμήδη; Hekamḗde). Daughter of Arsinous of Tenedus. H. was taken as booty by  Achilles, who destroyed Tenedus, and later given to Nestor as a gift of honour (Hom. Il. 11,624; 14,6; Suda, s.v.). Waldner, Katharina (Berlin) Bibliography H. W. Stoll, s.v. H., Roscher 1, 1885.

[German version] [1] Of Alexandria, mathematician and engineer, 1st cent. AD (Ἥρων; Hḗrōn). [German version] A. Life H. of Alexandria, mathematician and engineer. No details of his life are known. He lived after  Archimedes [1], whom he quotes, and before  Pappus, who quotes him. In the Dioptra, ch. 35, H. describes a method for determining the time difference between Rome and Alexandria by observing the same eclipse of the moon at both locations. It is quite likely that this eclipse occurred in AD 62 and that H. probably observed it himself in Alexandria [10. 21-24]. Folkerts, Menso (Mu…

[German version] (Καλλιστώ; Kallistṓ, Lat. Callisto). Arcadian nymph or princess, daughter of  Lycaon (Eumelus of Corinth, EpGF p. 100 fr. 10; Hes. Cat. fr. 163; Apollod. 3.100), according to Asius (EpGF p. 90 fr. 9) of Nycteus, according to Pherecydes (FGrH 3 fr. 157) of Ceteus; Hunting companion of Artemis who falls in love with Zeus. He approaches her in the shape of Artemis or Apollo and either seduces or rapes her (Amphis, CAF II fr. 47; Apollod. 3.100; Ov. Met. 2,425). Artemis (Hes. Cat. fr. …

(Νεφέλη/ Nephélē). [German version] [1] Personification of a cloud No evidence exists concerning her ancestry, probably because originally she is the personification of a ‘cloud’. Nephele is the wife of Athamas, mother of Helle and of Phrixus. Because Ino (Leukothea), the second wife of Athamas, caused a drought and wanted to kill Nephele's children, Nephele put the two children onto a golden ram, which flew away with them (Apollod. 1,9,1-6; Hyg. Fab. 1-3; 21; Ov. Met. 11,195). According to schol. Aristo…

(Πολυκάστη/ Polykástē). [German version] [1] Daughter of Lygaeus in Acarnania Daughter of Lygaeus in Acarnania, wife of Icarius [2], mother of Penelope, Alyzeus and Leucadius. The two last were eponyms of Alyzeia and Leucas (Str. 10,2,24; 10,2,8). Waldner, Katharina (Berlin) [German version] [2] Daughter of Nestor Youngest daughter of Nestor [1] (Hom. Od. 3,465) and Eurydice (cf. ibid. 3,451 f.). According to Apollod. 1,1,9, her mother was Anaxibia. She bathed Telemachus when he was received as a guest in the house of her father (Hom. Od. 3,464-468). …

[German version] (Σθενέβοια/ Sthenéboia). Called Antea in Hom. Il. 6,160, daughter of the Lycian king Iobates (Apollod. 2,25; Hyg. Fab. 57) or Amphianax (Apollod. 2,25; schol. Hom. Il. 6,200 Rekker) or the Arcadian king Aphidas [3] (Apollod. 3,102), wife of Proetus and mother of the Proetids and of Megapenthes [1] (Apollod. 2,26; 2,29; Aristoph. Ran. 1043 with Schol. et al.). After failing to seduce Bellerophontes she accuses him of raping her to Proetus (Potiphar motif, Joseph; cf. Phaedra). Bellerophontes is sent away by Proetus with the intention of …

(Λαοδάμεια; Laodámeia). Ep. feminine name (‘Ruler over the People’) of various mythological figures. [German version] [1] Daughter of Bellerophon and a daughter of the Lycian king Iobates Daughter of Bellerophontes and a daughter of the Lycian king Iobates, mother by Zeus of Sarpedon (Hom. Il. 5,196-199; Apollod. 3,1,1; Serv. Aen. 1,100). According to Hom. Il. 5,205 she is killed by the enraged Artemis. Waldner, Katharina (Berlin) [German version] [2] Wife of Protesilaus Daughter of king Acastus of Iolcos, wife of Protesilaus, who goes off immediately after the wed…

[German version] (Φιλομήλη, Φιλομήλα; Philomḗlē, Philomḗla). Daughter of the Attic King Pandion [1], sister of Procne. For her myth, see Procne. Waldner, Katharina (Berlin)

(Κλυτία, Κλυτίη; Klytía, Klytíē, Lat. Clytia). [German version] [1] Daughter of Oceanus and Tethys Daughter of Oceanus and Tethys (Hes. Theog. 352). Waldner, Katharina (Berlin) [German version] [2] Daughter of Pandareus from Crete Daughter of  Pandareus from Crete, represented according to Pausanias (10,30,1f.) in the Cnidic  lesche in Delphi. Waldner, Katharina (Berlin) [German version] [3] Beloved of Helios Beloved of Helios (possibly identical to [1]), whom the latter abandons for  Leucothoe. The jealous C. betrays Leucothoe to her father, who has h…

[German version] [1] Tochter des Atlas [2] und der Pleione (Μαῖα, Μαίας, Μαίη; Maîa, Maías, Maíē). Daughter of Atlas [2] and Pleione, by Zeus mother of Hermes, who is called Maiadeús or Maías hyiós or paîs for this reason (e.g. H. Hom. 4,2f.,73; Aesch. Cho. 814). Nymph of the Arcadian Cyllene mountains. Homer only mentions her once as the mother of Hermes (Hom. Od. 14,435). Hesiod calls her the daughter of Atlas (Hes. Theog. 938) and counts her as one of the Pleiades (Hes. Cat. fr. 169; cf. also Simon. PMG fr. 555). The most deta…

[German version] (Λυσιμάχη; Lysimáchē). Daughter of Abas [1], granddaughter of Melampus (according to Antimachus in schol. Eur. Phoen. 150, daughter of Cercyon, granddaughter of Poseidon), wife of the Argive king Talaus, mother of Adrastus [1], Parthenopaeus, Pronax, Mecisteus, Aristomachus and Eriphyle (Apollod. 1,103). Waldner, Katharina (Berlin)

[German version] (Τηθύς; Tēthýs). In Hom. Il. 14,200 f., Hera calls T. and her brother Oceanus as the ancestors of all the gods. According to Hesiod and others, T. is the daughter of Gaea and Uranus, sister of Oceanus and by him mother of all rivers and the Oceanids (Hes. Theog. 337-370; Apollod. 1,8;  cf. Diod. Sic. 4,69,1; 4,72,1). During the battle between Zeus and Kronos, Rhea takes the young Hera to safety with T. and Oceanus (Hom. Il. 14,202-204). Hera is therefore able to pretend to want to …

(Τεισιφόνη/ Teisiphónē, Latin Tisiphone). [German version] [1] Erinys, avenger of murder 'Avenger of murder'. Besides Al(l)ecto and Megaera the third Erinys (Lat. Furiae ; e.g. Hyg. Fab. praef. 3) identified by name. The triad is documented from Euripides onwards (Eur. Or. 408; Eur. Tro. 457) and plays an important role in the Orphic tradition (Orph. H. 69,2; Orph. Arg. 966-969; Orphism). The name T. first appears in literature in Lucil. 4, fr. 169 f., but is attested on an Apulian lekythos [1] a…

(also Hypermnestra; Ὑπερμήστρα; Hypermḗstra, Ὑπερμνήστρα; Hypermnḗstra). [German version] [1] Daughter of Danaus Daughter of  Danaus, wife of  Lynceus (or Lyrceus). The only daughter of Danaus who, against her father's orders, did not kill her husband in their wedding night (Pind. Nem. 10,6; Aesch. PV 866; Apollod. 2,1,5). She spares him because she loves him (Aesch. PV 865-868; schol. Pind. Pyth. 9,195b; cf. Hor. Carm. 3,11,33-52) or because he does not touch her (Apollod. 2,1,5; cf. Ov. Epist. 14,64). H. …

[German version] (Ἰλιόνη; Iliónē). Oldest daughter of  Priamus and  Hecabe, wife of Polymestor, the Thracian (Verg. Aen. 1,653f. mentions her sceptre which Aeneas brings from Ilion; cf. Hyg. Fab. 90). She raises her youngest brother  Polydorus along with her and Polymestor's son  Deipylus. After the end of the Trojan War, Agamemnon induces Polymestor to kill Polydorus. He unknowingly kills his own son, since I. had passed Deipylus off as her brother. The real Polydorus then instigates I. to kill he…

[German version] (ὠσχοφόρια/ ōschophória, ὀσχοφόρια/ oschophória, in inscriptions also *ὠσκοφόρια/* ōskophória). Athenian festival. Its course of events can be reconstructed from Plut. Theseus 22-23 and Procl. Chresthomateia 87-92 Severyns [1]: a procession with two youths (ὠσχοφόροι/ ōschophóroi, 'carriers of grapevines') dressed up as girls carrying grape stalks and a choir walked from a temple of Dionysus to the temple of Athena Skiras in Phaleron, where sacrifices were offered. Women participated in the festival as δειπνοφόροι/ deipnophóroi ('food carriers') and to…

[German version] (Ἕρση; Hérsē). Daughter of  Cecrops and  Aglaurus [2] (or Agraulus) (Paus. 1,2,6; Apollod. 3,14,2). In Athens, H. and her sisters Aglaurus (or Agraulos) and  Pandrosus constitute the Cecropids. Despite the prohibition of Athena, who had entrusted it to them, they open a basket containing the new-born  Erichthonius [1]. Then in madness H. and Aglaurus hurl themselves from the Acropolis (Eur. Ion, 268-274; Paus. 1,18,2; cf. 1,2,6; 27,2; Apollod. 3,14,6; Ov. Met. 2,552-561). H. and he…