Search

[German version] River in central Italy (168 km), modern Garigliano. It has its source in the Colles Simbruini near Lacus Fucinus, flows through Sora, takes up the Fibrenus below Arpinum (Cic. Leg. agr. 2,3) and forms a waterfall here; near Fregellae is the confluence of the Trerus (Sacco), then the Melfis (Melfa). Upstream of its mouth lies the Lucus Maricae, a holy grove of Marica with a cult centre sacred to the Romans. To the right of the mouth lies Minturnae. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)

[German version] Volcanic massif (1053 m, modern Monte Cimino) in southern Etruria, in the borderlands shared with the Falisci in the Silva Ciminia. The MC towered above the Lacus Ciminius, which was rich in fish (according to Serv. Aen. 7,697, the lake was created by Hercules; modern Lago di Vico). East of the lake, it was crossed by the via Ciminia, a branch of the via Cassia between Sutrium and Aquae Passerianae (near Viterbo). There seems to have been an ancient place of worship on Monte Venere beside the lake. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography S. Francocci, D. Rose, L'antica vi…

[German version] River in Lucania (Plin. 3,97; Kasas in Bacchyl. 10,115; Basintos, Basentius in Guido 29), descends from the Apennines near Potentia and flows into the Gulf of Taranto near Metapontum, modern Basento. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Nissen 1, 336, 343; 2, 908.

[German version] Crater lake in Latium near Aricia in the Alban Hills (Plin. HN 19,141), modern Lago di Nemi. An underground drainage adit (Str. 5,3,13) was cut around the 4th cent. BC [1]. The forested slopes on its banks formed the nemus Dianae (grove of Diana, with temple and high priest, rex Nemorensis, who - always a runaway slave - had to kill his predecessor in single combat [2; 3; 4]). The nemus Dianae led to the lake being called lacus Nemorensis (Prop. 3,22), but also speculum Dianae (‘Mirror of Diana’) (Serv. Aen. 7,516). There was a community of villas (Cic. Att. 6,1,4…

[German version] [1] Town of the Peucetii in Apulia Town of the Peucetii in Apulia at the via Municia Tranana, modern Ceglie del Campo (province of Bari). Over a length of more than 5 km encircled by a town wall. Inside, graves from the 6th/4th cents. BC; traces of centuriation. Minting in the 3rd cent. BC. (HN 46: ΚΑΙΛΙΝΟΝ). Municipium of the tribus Claudia (Str. 6,3,7; Ptol. 3,1,7). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography V. Roppo, C., 1921 M. Gervasio, in: Iapigia 1, 1930, 241-272 F. Biancofiore, La viabilità antica, in: ASPugl 15, 1962, 230-32 I. Albergo Frugis, Atti XI Conv. Tar…

[German version] Town of the Samnites Pentri ( regio IV) on a hill to the right of the Tifernus. In 217 BC won back from the Carthaginians by Q. Fabius Maximus (Liv. 24,20,5). Municipium, tribus Voltinia (Plin. HN 3,107; CIL IX p. 237). Its location was pinpointed at the Church of Santa Maria di Faífula (Faífoli) near Montágano north of Campobasso. Epigraphical evidence: CIL IX 2551-2561; EEpigr 8, 109. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography A. Degrassi, Quattuorviri, in: Id., Scritti vari 1, 1962, 150ff. G. De Benedettis, F., in: S. Capini (ed.), Samnium. Archeologia del Molis…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Socii (Roman confederation) | Caesar | | Regio, regiones Main centre of the Paeligni, on the Aternus; the modern Corfinio (province of L'Aquila). In 90 BC under the name Italia or Italica (Diod. Sic. 37,2,4; Str. 5,4,2; Vell. Pat. 2,16,3) capital of the rebellious Italici; coinage bearing the legend viteliu. Municipium, tribus Sergia; affected by the Civil War (Caes. B Civ. 1,16-23). Regio IV (Plin. HN 3,106). Intersection of the via Valeria, via Claudia Valeria and via Minucia (It. Ant. 310). Archaeological remains: re…

[German version] Town in the territory of the Aurunci (Ausones) on the Tyrrhenian coast between Minturnae and Sinuessa, where in 340 BC the consul Manlius [I 12] defeated the Latini decisively (Liv. 8,11,11; Diod. Sic. 16,90,2), to be found on the Ager Vescinus (cf. Liv. 10,21,7; 10,31,2; Cic. Leg. agr. 2,66). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography F. Coarelli, Vescia, in: id. (ed.), Minturnae, 1989, 29-33, here 33.

[German version] Town near modern Ferrara, where the Padus (modern Po) separated into two branches, the Olana (Ὄλανα) and the Padoa (Παδόα) (Pol. 2,16,11: Τριγάβολοι/ Trigáboloi). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography G. Uggeri, La romanizzazione dell'antico Delta Padano, 1975, 46 f.

[German version] Way station on the Adriatic coastal road in Picenum between Castrum Novum and Ostia Aterni (Tab. Peut. 6,1). The place name is probably corrupt, in connection with the mouth of the river called Matrínos by Str. 5,4,2 and Ptol. 3,1,17. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Nissen 2, 431 N. Alfieri, I fiumi adriatici, in: Athenaeum 37, 1949, 137f.

[German version] A river, which gives its name to the tribus Sapinia, modern Savio; rises in the Appennines in the north of Umbria (Plin. HN 3,115;  Str. 5,1,11: Σάπις; Sápis); Sarsina is in its upper reaches. It flows through the region of Caesena into the Aemilia and joins the Ionian Sea (Ionios Kolpos) to the south of Ravenna. It was crossed by the via Popilia at the road station S. between Ariminum and Ravenna (Tab. Peut. 5,1: Sabis). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre | Umbri, Umbria Town of the  Umbri on the slopes of Mount Subasio, modern Assisi. From 89 BC   municipium of the tribus Sergia, later regio VI (Str. 5,2,10; Plin. HN 3,113; Ptol. 3,1,53). Birthplace of  Propertius. Wall ring in opus quadratum with an irregular course (2.5 km), remains of a gate in the west. The town was laid out in terraces, with a central forum with a temple, allegedly of Minerva, on its northern side, and arcades on the other three sides (1st cent. BC), ciste…

[German version] (Ῥηγισουίλλα/ Rhēgisouílla). Small landing site ( positio, Itin. Maritimum 499,3 f.) on the coast of Etruria between Graviscae and Cosa(e), the residence of Maleus [3], king of Pelasgian colonists, who later returned to Athens (Str. 5,2,8). In the Hellenistic-Roman Period, R. was a port of the Volci/Vulci (near modern Montalto di Castro). The place has been located at Le Murelle di Montalto di Castro; there is a Roman villa of the period from the 1st to the 5th cents. AD there. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography E. Tortorici, Regisvillae, in: Quaderni Ist. To…

[German version] [1] Statio in  Etruria on the  via Cassia Statio in  Etruria on the   via Cassia between Florentia and Pistoriae ( regioVII - Tab. Peut. 4,2; Geogr. Rav. 4,36). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) [German version] [2] Statio in  Liguria on the via Aemilia Scauri A further statio of the same name was in  Liguria on the via Aemilia Scauri between Luna and Genoa ( regioIX -- Tab. Peut. 3,5; Geogr. Rav. 4,32). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)

[German version] (Λόγγολα; Lóngola). Town near Antium and Corioli whose inhabitants were known as Long(ul)ani. In ancient times in the territory of the Latini, later of the Volsci, and in 493 BC conquered by Consul Postumus Cominius [I 3] (Liv. 2,33,4; 39,3; Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 6,91; 8,36; 85). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Nissen 2, 556, 631 M. Pallottino, Le origini di Roma, in: ArchCl 12, 1960, 27 A. Alföldi, Early Rome and the Latins, 1963, 13, 368.

[German version] Promontory on the coast of Etruria (635 m; Rut. Nam. 1,315) to the south of the mouth of the Albinia (modern Albegna), today still Monte Argentario, connected to the mainland by two narrow strips of land enclosing a lagoon. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography R. Bronson, G. Uggeri, Isola del Giglio, Isola di Giannutri, Monte Argentario, Laguna di Orbetello, in: SE 38, 1970, 201-214.

[German version] Territory (Frontin. Aq. 15,1) of the Aequi at the foot of the colles Simbruini (Tac. Ann. 11,13,2) in the valley of the upper Anio which was blocked by reservoir dams to create the “stagna Simbruina” ("the Simbruine Lake", Tac. Ann. 14,22;  cf. Sil. Pun. 8,368 f.) for Nero's villa at Sublaqueum (modern Subiaco). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography M. G. Fiore Cavaliere, Sublaqueum - Subiaco, 1994.

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Tribus City in Latium on the north-eastern slopes of the Alban Hills, modern Monte Compatri. Member of the Latin League; in Roman wars against the Aequi allied with the latter and destroyed by Q. Servilius Priscus (Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 5,61; 8,19); a Roman colony from 418 BC (Liv. 4,47,49; [1. 394]). Municipium (Cic. Planc. 23). Caesar had a villa in the ager Labicanus, which was known for its wine (Suet. Iul. 83). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography 1 A. Alföldi, Early Rome and the Latins, 1963. G. Tomassetti, La campagna r…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Umbri, Umbria | | Coloniae Umbrian harbour-city north of the mouth of the Metaurus ( regio VI), where the via Flaminia reaches the Adriatic coast; the modern Fano (Pesaro; It. Gaditanum 95; It. Ant. 126; It. Burd. 615; Tab. Peut. 5,2). The name derives from the cult of Fortuna. F. had the status of a municipium, tribus Pollia. The city was occupied by Caesar after his crossing of the Rubicon (Caes. B Civ. 1,11,4); under Augustus it was the veterans' colony of Iulia Fanestris (CIL XI 6232); basilica of Vitruvius (5,1,6-10; [1; 2])…

[German version] Town of the Aurunci in Latium adiectum at the foot of the montes Fundani (Tac. Ann. 4,59) on the via Appia between Tarracina and Formiae, 74 miles from Rome, modern Fondi (Latina). In 338 or 332 BC together with  Formiae civitas sine suffragio (Liv. 8,14,10; Vell. Pat. 1,14,4), F. then sided with the Privernati (Liv. 8,19). In 188 BC F. and Formiae belonged to the tribus Aemilia ( cum suffragio); F. was a praefectura; in 174 it obtained an aqueduct through the Roman censores (Liv. 41,27,11). F. was a municipium with three aediles and had a cult of Hercules. Under Augustus F. was a c…

[German version] (vulgarly also Vicoventia). Vicus (cf. CIL V 2383; XI 421) in Regio VIII (Aemilia;  cf. Regio , with map). It flourished from the 1st cent. AD as an administrative centre of the saltus regionis Padanae Vercellensium Ravennatium (cf. ILS 1509). Documented from 431 AD as a suffragan bishopric of Ravenna (Petrus Chrysologus, Sermo 175). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography G. Uggeri, Insediamenti, viabilità e commerci, in: N. Alfieri (ed.), Storia di Ferrara, vol. 3, 1989, 57-60.

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Social Wars | Socii (Roman confederation) | Theatre | Caesar | Umbri, Umbria | Coloniae | Coloniae City on the fossilized (that is, practically dried-up) tributary of the Auser (modern Serchio), which in ancient times flowed into the Arno at Pisa, today Lucca; last colonia of Latin law, founded in 180 BC by Rome on the territory of the Pisani (Liv. 40,43,1); from 89 BC municipium of the tribus Fabia. Important road junction (It. Ant. 283ff.; Tab. Peut. 4,1); in 56 BC the so-called triumvirate between Caesar, Po…

[German version] Island in the Mare Tyrrhenum off Etruria, modern Pianosa. Prehistorical finds, villa of Agrippa [2] Postumus, catacombs. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography BTCGI 13, 535-546.

[German version] Volcanic massif (956 m) in Latium Vetus (Latini), modern-day Monte Cavo, southeast of Rome (from it derives the term lapis Albanus,  a grey-coloured peperino or volcanic tuff used in buildings in Rome). The centre of cult worship originally lay beneath Alba Longa in a grove, then later in the temple of Iuppiter Latiaris ( templum Iovis Latiaris, CIL XIV 2227) 20 miles from Rome, where , in spring, the Latins and Romans sacrificed a white bull on occasion of the feriae Latinae and organised games in the presence of all the  magistrates.The grove of Diana Nemorensis ( nemus D…

[German version] Samnite tribe on the Adriatic coast (Str. 5,4,2). The name is derived from the dissimilation of the place name [1] * Frentrum, which in turn was inferred through numismatical ( Frentrei) and inscriptional ( Frentra[ni]) methods [2]. The F. settled on the slopes of the regio VII that fall away towards the Adriatic, between the Maiella mountains and the coastal region surrounded by Ortona, the valleys of the Sagrus (Sangro), the Trinius (Trigno), the Tifernus, and the Frento (Fortore). In the west, the tribal area bordered on t…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Socii (Roman confederation) | Theatre | Tribus | Coloniae Latin   colonia with 6,000 colonists, founded as a fortification to control a road junction in 304 BC (Liv. 10. 1. 2) in the area of the  Aequi: the later via Valeria (between Rome and the Adriatic;   decumanus of the city laid out at right angles) and a road that connected Etruria with Campania along the Liris met there. Served as place of exile for Syphax, for Perseus and for Bituitus. Decline since the 3rd cent.…

[German version] Marshy region on the river Eridanus, which had originated from a southern arm of the Padus (Po) in the period of Early History and had dried up in the Roman period. The fossil river bed was used in the construction of the fossa Augusta , the navigable canal between Padus and Classis which was the port for Ravenna (cf. Plin. HN 3,119). P. is associated with the myth of Phaethon and Cycnus [3] (Diod. Sic.5,23,3). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography L. Gambi, Cosa era la Padusa, 1950  G. Uggeri, La Romanizzazione dell'antico Delta Padano, 1975, 49  Id., Insediamenti, viab…

[German version] Right-bank tributary of the Calor (modern Calore) in the territory of the Hirpini, modern Tammaro. It rises in the region of Saepinum, crosses the Ager Taurasinus, touches Forum Novum (modern Sant' Arcangelo) and into the Calor at Beneventum; stretches of it are flanked by the via Minucia (station Super Thamari fluvium:  It. Ant. 103,1) and the via Traiana. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Miller, 370 G. De Benedittis, L'alta valle del T., in: Studi Beneventani 4-5, 1991, 3-38.

[German version] Tributary of the Tiber running through Sabina and Umbria, present-day Nera, parts of which formed the boundary between regio IV and VI (Enn. Ann. fr. 260 V2: sulphureas ... Naris ad undas; Verg. Aen. 7,517; nar is Sabine for  ‘sulphur’). It had its source at Mons Tetrica in the territory of Nursia. M'. Curius [4] Dentatus diverted the Velinus (outflow of the Lacus Velinus and the Avens, Himella und Tolerus rivers) into the N. It flowed past Interamna [1] Nahars (modern Terni), where it was crossed by the via Flaminia, which led to Spoletium. It ran below Narnia and wa…

[German version] (the modern Paglia). Right tributary of the Tiber which at Volsinii (the modern Orvieto) is joined by the Clanis flowing from Clusium.  A harbour (Pagliano) is formed where it flows into the Tiber. A station Pallia was situated on the via Cassia between Volsinii and Clusium (Tab. Peut. 4,5). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)

[German version] Station in Etruria on the via Aemilia Scauri between Vada Volaterrana and Pisae (It. Ant. 293). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography M. Sordi, La via Aurelia da Vada a Pisa, in: Athenaeum 59, 1971, 302-312.

[German version] [1] Capital city of (non-Etruscan) Falisci in southern Etruria This item can be found on the following maps: Umbri, Umbria | Coloniae | Italy, languages | Oracles Capital city of (non-Etruscan) Falisci in southern Etruria on a tuff spur of the eastern Monti Cimini between two righthand tributaries of the Tiberis (Vicano and Fosso Maggiore). Founded by the Argive hero  Halesus (Ov. Fast. 4,73), according to others a Chalcidian foundation (Iust. 20,1,13). Had its own Italic dialect (Str. 5,2,9; [1; 2; 3]). Cu…

[German version] Left tributary of the Liris in Latium in the region between Sora and Arpinum, modern Fibreno. At its mouth was the location of Cicero's villa (Cic. Leg. 2,6), remains of which are thought to be recognizable in the abbey of San Domenico near Isola del Liri. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Nissen vol. 2, 670.

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Umbri, Umbria Town in Umbria ( regio VI) in the Apennines between the rivers Potenza and Chienti on the border with Picenum, modern Camerino. Allied with Rome by an aequo foedere from 309 BC (Liv. 9,36), it supported Scipio in 205 BC in his fight against Hannibal (Liv. 28,45); Marius granted Roman citizenship to two cohorts from C. in the war against the Cimbri. Municipium of the tribus Cornelia. Septimius Severus confirmed the rights of the municipes Camertes (CIL XI 5631). Mosaic on the Piazza Garibaldi, finds in S. G…

[German version] Town of the Hirpini in the regio II on the border to Lucania, modern Conza della Campania (Province of Avellino). Located on a height by the upper  Aufidus, at the crossing to the Sele valley (Sella di Conza). Involved in the Second Punic War, Hannibal's base of operations after Cannae (216 BC), but it was reconquered by Fabius Maximus (214 BC). In the Social War on Rome's side (Vell. 2,16). Municipium of the tribus Galeria. Cults of the Mater Deum and Iupiter Vicilinus in agro Compsano (Liv. 24,44,8). Epigraphy: CIL IX, p. 88, 963-993, Roman sarcophagi, episcopal…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Tribus | Latini, Latium (or Numentum). Latin town founded by Alba Longa (Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 2,53; Verg. Aen. 6,773; 7,706) in Sabine territory on the left bank of the Tiber on the Via Nomentana (Tab. Peut. 5,5), 14 miles north east of Rome, modern Mentana. Member of the Latin League (Latini, with map). N. received the civitas Romana, under a dictator, in 338 BC (Liv. 8,14,3). Martial praised N., especially the merits of its vineyards (Mart. 2,38; 10,48; 13,119; Columella 3,2f.; Plin. HN 14,23; 48) and …

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Social Wars | Socii (Roman confederation) | Tribus | | Coloniae Originally Anxur (Liv. 4,59,4), a city of the Ausoni and the Volsci on a rocky promontory on the coast of Latium Adiectum, modern Terracina (Latina). Conquered in 406 BC by the Romans who established a colonia maritima ( Coloniae C.) there in 329 BC. T. was linked to Rome in 312 BC by a stretch of the via Appia ( decumanus maximus). Municipium of the tribus Oufentina. The city wall survives, as does the 'Forum Aemilianum' (paved by Aulus Aemilius, modern P…

[German version] Pagus (‘district) in the land of the Sabini (Hor. Epist. 1,18,105) at the confluence of Digentia and Anio, later Massa Mandelana (CIL XIV 3482), modern Mandela near Vicovaro. Near M. Chalcolithic tomb chambers and a Roman villa. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography G. Lugli, La villa sabina di Orazio, in: Monumenti antichi, pubblicati dall' Accademia dei Lincei 31, 1926, 457-598 C. F. Giuliani, in: Tibur 2, 1966, 67-77.

[German version] River in the  Apuani region in Etruria (Tabula Peutingeriana), possibly that known today as the Avenza. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Coloniae City in Latium, not located. Colony of Alba Longa, occupied by the Volsci, destroyed by Tarquinius Superbus (Liv. 1,53,2; Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 4,50; Tac. Hist. 3,72); conquered again by the Romans in 495 BC (Liv. 2,17,1; 2,25,6; Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 6,29). According to [1; 2], SP refers to the pre-Volscan phase of Satricum (10th-6th cent. BC), according to [3; 4], it is identical to Apiolae or can be located in a pre-Roman city discovered at Cisterna di Latina. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography 1 C. M. Stibbe, …

[German version] River, forming the border between  Picenum and the  Senones (Liv. 5,35), later taken as Umbrian ( Umbria), modern Esino. From its source on the territory of Sentinum, it runs to the Adriatic, where its mouth is bridged by the   via Flaminia at the   statio ad Aesim (modern Falconara Marittima) (large cistern: three parallel water chambers). The A. valley was known for its excellent cheeses (Plin. 3,112; 11,241). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Q. Maule, SE 59, 1993, 87-102.

[German version] Town in Latium, colony of Alba Longa, ancestral seat of the gens Iulia, 11 miles south-east of Rome in Frattocchie near the via Appia, which had been extended to B. in 294 BC. B. became a municipium under Sulla. In 52 BC, it was the location of the dispute between Clodius and Milo. In memory of the obsequies of Augustus, Tiberius erected a memorial to the gens Iulia in B. (Tac. Ann. 2,41). Monuments: remains of quadratic town walls made from tufa ( lapis peperinus) near Due Santi, and also of the arcades of a circus and a theatre. Villa of Domitianus. Aqueducts and three cister…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Venetic | Coloniae Venetic, later Celtic ( Carni) settlement centre, probably constituted as a Roman vicus after the attack of the  Iapodes in 52 BC. Municipium since Augustus, colonia since Claudius. Location: on the road from Aquileia to Aguntum. Local Belenus cult. After its destruction, most likely by  Alaricus [2], the inhabitants moved to the hill of San Pietro, modern Zuglio. Archaeology: forum with porticus, capitolium, in the south a basilica; thermae; aqueduct; early Christian cemetery basilica. Uggeri, Giova…

[German version] Small river in Umbria, tributary of the Tiberis, modern Timia. The sources of the C. (between Spoletium and Fulginiae below Trebiae) were made famous by Plin. Ep. 8,8; Caligula and Honorius visited them; they were surrounded by chapels for the god of the same name and other oracle deities, taken care of by the citizens of Hispellum; sacraria of a statio of the via Flaminia (It. Burd. 613); villae in the surrounding area. In S. Salvatore de Piscina (6th cent. AD) reused stones and inscriptions have been used in buildings (CIL II 4963). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography…

[German version] Harbour on the Etruscan coast opposite Ilva (modern Elba), 12 miles south of Populonia (It. Ant. 501; Faleria, Rut. Namat. 1,371, should be corrected to Falesia [2]). In the Middle Ages Porto di Felesa [1], modern Piombino (Livorno). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography 1 G. Targioni Tozzetti, Relazione d'alcuni viaggi fatti in diverse parti della Toscana 4, 1751, 250 2 R. Gelsomino, Nota a Rut. Nam. 1,371, in: Rivista di Cultura Classica e Medioevale 15, 1973, 35-47.

Various stations derived their names from a cult site of Mars ad ( fanum) Martis. [German version] [1] Station on the road through the Alpes Cottiae Station on the road through the Alpes Cottiae above Segusio at the confluence of the Bardonecchia and the Dora Riparia, modern Oulx. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) [German version] [2] Station in Etruria Station in Etruria near Pescia on the Via Cassia between Pistoriae and Luca. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) [German version] [3] Station in Umbria Station in Umbria on the Via Flaminia, 74 miles from Rome, between Narnia and Mevania ( Vicus Martis …

[German version] Cape on the Tyrrhenian Sea, said by the sources to have been an island connected to the mainland by silting (Theophr. C. plant. 5,8,3; Plin. HN 2,201), modern Circeo (513 m high). The MC has been identified with the island of Circe (Hom. Od. 12,9; Hes. Theog. 1011f.). In the Roman period, Circe and Athena were venerated here (CIL X 6422; Strab. 5,3,6). The grave mound of Elpenor was displayed (Ps.-Scyl. 8). Nearby: villa of Domitian. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography T. Ashby, Monte Circeo, in: MEFRA 25, 1905, 147-209  G. Lugli, Circeii, 1928  R. Righi, La villa di…

[German version] Limestone ridge (691m), present-day Soratte to the northwest of Sant’Oreste, cut off from the Appennines in South Etruria in the territory of the Falisci to the right of the Tiber between the via Flaminia in the west and the via Tiberina in the east. It dominates the Campagna Romana and is visible from Rome (Hor. Carm. 1,9). Apollo (Verg. Aen. 11,785; Sil. Pun. 5,175; 7,662; 8,492; sanctus Soranus Apollo: ILS 3034). The Manes and Dis Pater Soranus were worshipped as a cult. At its base lies Feronia with a sanctuary to the Sabine goddess of the sam…

[German version] Community in Etruria, probably near modern Orvieto; allies of the Volsinii against Rome in 392/1, but without success (Liv. 5,31,5; 32,2). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Nissen 2, 339.

[German version] River in the Apennine Mountains (Plin. HN 3,50) in the territory of the Apuani; rising near Luca, it used to discharge into the Arnus near Pisa; nowadays, it has its own mouth into the Tyrrhenian Sea; modern Serchio. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography F. Castagnoli, SE 20, 1948-49, 285-90 G. Ciampoltrini, SE 58, 1992, 53-74; SE 59, 1993, 59-86.

[German version] (Ξιφωνία; Xiphōnía). Port (Scyl. 13) and headland (Str. 6,2,2) on the eastern coast of Sicily on an elongated  sword-like (cf. ξίφος/ xíphos, 'sword') peninsula in the east of Megara [3], on which the king Frederick II  founded the city of Augusta in the 13th cent. X. played an important part in connection with Hannibal's [2] sea manoeuvres in 263 BC (Diod. 23,4,1). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography E. Manni, Geografia fisica e politica della Sicilia antica, 1981, 62, 241 f.

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Socii (Roman confederation) | Theatre Town of the  Sabini (Str. 5,3,1; Liv. 38,45,19) in a fertile region, situated on a terrace, the source of the river Aternus, which gives its name to the town (Varro, Ling. 5,28); modern Vittorino near L'Aquila on the via Caecilia between Rome and Hadria. A Roman   praefectura from 293 BC, it then became a   municipium of the tribus Quirina with   octoviri . Birthplace of  Sallustius (86 BC). Augustan theatre ( opus reticulatum), leaning against the hillside; an amphitheatre (90 x 68 m…

[German version] River in Samnium (Samnites; Plin. HN 3,103; 3,106; Ptol. 3,1,18: Φιτέρνος/ Phitérnos), modern Biferno. It rises on T. Mons (modern Matese), forms the border with Campania, flows through the territory of the Pentri of Bovianum and Fagifulae, separates the Frentani from the Larinates (Larinum) and flows into the Adriatic (Ionios Kolpos) to the south of Buca (modern Termoli). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography G. Barker, A Mediterranean Valley, 1995  S. P. Oakley, The Hill-Forts of the Samnites, 1995, 107-120.

[German version] Swamp in  Latium (on the Lago di Fondi with a floating island) close to the ancient Amyclae, famous for its wines, especially the sorts Falernus and Setinus (CIL VI 9797). Verified in Rome by numerous amphoras with the inscription Caec(ubum vinum); at the time of Pliny, however, this wine had already become a rarity (Plin. HN 14,61). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre | Umbri, Umbria | Italy, languages | Oracles Town in Umbria on a hill in the upper valley of the Tiber, controlled an important traffic route linking the Tyrrhenian and Adriatic coasts via the Pass of Scheggia (63 m), modern Gubbio. Minted its own coins ( IKVVINI, IKVVINS [1. 140-152]). After 268 BC it was civitas foederata (Cic. Balb. 47). In 167 BC the Illyrian king Genthius was interned here (Liv. 45,43,9). After the Social War it was municipium, tribus Clustumina. Pompey's base in the Civil War; occupied by Ca…

[German version] Right-hand tributary of the Padus (Po) in Aemilia, which flows down from the Apennines from the territory of the Ligures Friniates (Liv. 41,12,18) into the region of Mutina. In the valley of the S. sheep were bred (particularly soft wool, cf. Str. 5,1,12: Σκουλτάννα). Today the river is called Scoltenna in the mountains, Panaro on the plain. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)

[German version] (Liv. 2,39; Ethnikon Μογιλλανοί, Dion. Hal. ant. 8,36,2). Oppidum in Latium at Corioli. The gens of the Papirii Mugillani (Papirius) presumably originated there. Its precise location is unknown. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)

[German version] Branch of the aqua Marcia in Rome behind the horti Pallantiani (Frontin. Aq. 19,8) south of the porta Tiburtina, which supplied the regiones I, XI and XII via the Caelius mons and the Porta Capena. The association of a Herculaneus rivus (HR) with the aqua Virgo in Plin. HN 31,42 is probably due to a mistake. Another HR was the permanent spring that supplied the Anio novus 38 miles east of Rome at the via Sublacensis (Frontin. Aq. 15,4f.). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Richardson, 17f. D. Cattolini, s.v. H.r., LTUR 1, 1993, 69.

[German version] Main centre of the  Carricini in Samnium, mentioned for events in 311 BC (Liv. 9,31,2f.); municipium since the 1st cent. BC, tribus Arnensis; birthplace of Helvidius Priscus (Tac. Hist. 4,5). Archaeological monuments: remains on the Piano Laroma at Aventino near Cásoli (Chieti); opus incertum and reticulatum; theatre in opus reticulatum with audience seating adjoining the city walls; thermal springs; domus suburbana with mosaics. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography A. La Regina, C. e il territorio Carecino, in: RAL 22, 1967, 87-99 A. Pellegrino, Il Sann…

[German version] Late Roman villa (Rut. Nam. 1,531; Portus [7] Pisanus) on the coast of the Mare Tyrrhenum at modern Livorno. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)

[German version] (Rut. Namat. 1,515; Γοργόνη/ Gorgónē, Ptol. 3,1,78; Ὀργών/ Orgṓn, Steph. Byz. s.v.; Lat. Urgo, Plin. HN 3,81; Gorgona from the time of Gregory the Great). Small island in the mare Ligusticum between Pisa and Corsica; modern Gorgona. Eneolithic (early 2nd millennium BC) finds in the Grotta di San Gorgonio. A bronze crater from Vulci was found on the coast (late 6th cent. BC, today in the Vatican Museum). In the north, ruins of a Roman villa. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography BTCGI 8, 1990, 161-163.

[German version] (modern Frosinone). City in Latium adiectum on the via Latina, seven miles from Ferentinum on a hill (291 m) left of Cosa (modern Acquosa). In 306 BC it instigated a rebellion of the Hernici (Diod. Sic. 20,80), whose leaders were executed in 303; a third of F.'s territory was confiscated (Liv. 10,1,3) and F. was reduced to a praefectura. After the Social War municipium, tribus oufentina; in the Imperial period colonia (CIL X 5662f.; [1. 233]). Early historical finds, remains of city wall and amphitheatre; aqueduct (Ponte della Fontana). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibl…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Tribus | | Coloniae | Coloniae | Regio, regiones (modern Atri). At first Hatria, later H., town 7 km west of the Adriatic coast in the south of Picenum ( regio V) between the Vomanus (modern Vomano; Sil. Pun. 8,438) and the Matrinus (modern Piomba). Founded by the Siculi and Liburni, captured by the Piceni. After its subjugation a colonia Latina was founded (289 BC; Liv. per. 11) that minted coins bearing the legend HAT(ria) (cf. Steph. Byz. s.v. Ἁτρία). Municipium, tribus Maecia [1. 64], recolonized by Sulla or Augustus. T…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Socii (Roman confederation) | Tribus | Umbri, Umbria | Coloniae City on the Tyrrhenian coast in South Etruria ( regio VII) at the mouth of the Aro, which drains the lacus Sabatinus. Half-way (9 miles from  Ostia and  Alsium) between the via Portuensis and the via Aurelia (It. Ant. 300), modern Maccarese. In 245 BC, a colonia of Roman citizens (Liv. per. 19; Vell. Pat. 1,14,8). Inscriptions: CIL XI p. 549. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography A. Branchini, F. e dintorni, 1991 Nissen 2, 350 Ruggiero 3, 216.

[German version] Mons amoenus (‘a delightful mountain’) in the territory of the Sabines, mentioned by Hor. Carm. 1,17 as close to his villa near Digentia (Licenza), possibly Monte Gennaro, which is visible from Rome. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography A. De Angelis, P. Lanzara, Monti Lucretili, 1980 E. A. Schmidt, Sabinum, 1997.

[German version] [1] Southern sanctuary in the region of Capena This item can be found on the following maps: Coloniae Southern Etruscan sanctuary in the region of Capena (Liv. 1,30) on the Tiber below Soracte in a forest sacred to Feronia. The cult is said to have been founded at the initiative of Propertius, the king of Veii (Cato fr. 48 P). According to Liv. 1,30,5, a sheep and wool market was held here every year from the time of Tullus Hostilius onwards. Hannibal plundered the treasure of the sanctuary in 21…

[German version] Largest river in Apulia (134 km in length), modern Ofanto. It forms the border between Daunia and Peucetia (Pol. 3,110,9; Liv. 22,44; Str. 6,3,9; Plin. HN 3,102; Ptol. 3,1,15; Plut. Fab. 15). It rises near Compsa, flows around Monte Voltur, is crossed by the via Appia at the statio of Pons A., and passes through Canusium, where it is still crossed by an extant bridge of the via Traiana, and through Cannae. The port (ad Aufidum/Aufidena) at its mouth into the Adriatic served as a statio of the coastal road. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Civiltà antiche del medio…

[German version] Island between the Etruscan coast and Corsica, possibly Scoglio d'Affrica (Formica di Montecristo). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)

[German version] River in Latium (Fest. 418,20f.: Stura; Str. 5,3,6), modern Torre Astura, running from   mons Albanus through the Pomptine marshes to the coast between Antium and the Circeius mons, its mouth opposite the island of the same name (Plin. HN 3,57; 81). In 338 BC, this was the site of the battle of the consul Maenius against the Latini and Volsci (Liv. 8,13,5; 12). Cicero owned a villa there, his retreat after the death of his daughter; also, a villa of Augustus and Tiberius (remains of a large-scale fish pond and a pergola on the island -- then linked by a brid…

[German version] [1] A City on the later via Aemelia This item can be found on the following maps: Socii (Roman confederation) | Theatre | Coloniae | Coloniae | Etrusci, Etruria | Regio, regiones Established in 183 BC as a colonia, together with Mutina in the region neighbouring the Boii (formerly Tusci) (Liv. 39,55,6-8) on the P., a right-hand tributary of the Padus, with 2,000 Roman citizens each with eight iugera of land; tribus Pollia, in the r egio VIII Augustea (Aemilia) from the time of Augustus, still called P. today. The city was situated on what was to become later  the via Aemilia betw…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Social Wars | Socii (Roman confederation) | Theatre | Umbri, Umbria | Coloniae | Etrusci, Etruria | Etrusci, Etruria | Natural catastrophes Town in northern Etruria ( regio VII) on a rise above Florence north of the Arno, modern Fiesole. Etruscan name Vipsl [1. 675ff.]. Mentioned by Pol. 2,25,6 in relation to the Celtic invasion of 225 BC. In 217 Hannibal marched from F. to Lake Trasimena (Pol. 3,80; 82). In the Social War, F. was destroyed by L. Porcius Cato (Flor. 2,6,1…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Umbri, Umbria ( Hortanum, Plin. HN 3,52). Etruscan town on a volcanic mountain to the right of the Tiber, modern Orte; a place of commercial importance where several roads meet. Settled since the 6th cent. BC (necropolis of Le Piane), municipium after the  Social War [3], tribus Stellatina [1. 85]. Connected by a bridge with the vicus of the river port on the left bank of the river; recorded as Castellum Amerinum in the Tab. Peut. Remains of quays, warehouses, baths. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography 1 W. Kubitschek, Im…

[German version] Lake in the largest of the volcanic craters of the mons Albanus , where Alba Longa and various villas were located, e.g. those of Pompey and Domitian, as well as the Castra Albana of Septimius Severus. In 398 BC the water level was regulated through a drainage channel (Liv. 5,15; Cic. Div. 1,100). Famous wines grew on the slopes (Plin. HN 14,64; 23,33). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography P. Chiarucci, Albano Laziale, 1988.

[German version] Colonia Latina of Alba Longa on the left bank of the Anio between Rome and Tibur. Occupied by the Sabini, conquered by Rome under Tarquinius Priscus. Well known on account of the rape of Lucretia by Sextus Tarquinius. A gateway in Rome is named after C. (cf. Paul Fest. 33,18ff.), as is the via Collatina (Frontin. Aq. 5). After the decline of the city (Plin. HN. 3,68), many grand villae were built in the area (archaeological discoveries). C. is identified with the fortress of Lunghezza on a hill to the left of the Anio, where finds have been made of…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Italy, languages (Σουλμῶν; Soulmôn). City of the Paeligni (Str. 5,4,2; Ptol. 3,1,64), regio IV, present-day Sulmona (L'Aquila). The city became a Roman ally in 304 BC (Liv. 9,45; Diod. Sic. 20,101), municipium, tribus Sergia from 89 BC. The design of the city is orthogonal (400 × 400 m), centres of the Paeligni were located on the hills to the south around the basin of S. (cf. Colle Mitra, Piano della Civitella, Colle Tassito). Remnants of a sanctuary of Hercules Curinus were f…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre | Coloniae City in southern  Samnium in a loop of the Volturnus at the foot of mons   Tifernus , modern Alife. Minting in the 1st half of the 4th cent. BC. Entangled in the Samnite Wars (building of walls at the foot of Monte Cila). Founding of a   colonia with triumviri (CIL IX p. 264). Preserved structures are the intact, right-angled surrounding wall in opus incertum with four gates, square and round towers as well as the right-angled complex; the theatre with an extension from the Antonine period; a…

[German version] River which rises in the Appenninus, passes Forum Cornelii (modern Imola) and flows into the Adriatic to the north of Ravenna (Plin. HN. 3,119 f.; Mart. 3,67,2: Vaternus), modern Santerno. In the Roman period it flowed from the right into the Spineticus, a branch of the Padus (modern Po); the port at its mouth was therefore called Portus Vatreni. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography G. Uggeri, La romanizzazione dell'antico Delta Padano, 1975, 37.

[German version] A lake formed by the rivers Avens, Himella and Tolenus in the territory of the Sabini in the plains below Reate. It was partially drained in 272 BC by the consul Curius [4], through the drainage system of the Cascata delle Marmore, which gave the waters of the Avens an artificial outlet. The lake drained into the Nar above Interamna [1]. Q. Axius (Varro, Rust. 2,1,8) and Cicero (Att. 4,15) [1] had villas here. The drainage of Lacus Velinus caused quarrels between Reate and Interamna (Varro, Rust. 3,2,3; Cic. Att. 4,15,5; Cic. Scaur. 12,27; Tac. Ann. 1,79; palus Reatina, Plin. …

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Umbri, Umbria City in Umbria (Umbri) on the upper Aesis, municipium of the tribus Oufentina [1] (Plin. HN 3,114; Ptol. 3,1,53; CIL XI 5711; 5718), modern Borgo Tufico (formerly Ficano) near Albacina (Macerata). T. was on a side road to the Via Flaminia , branching off at Helvillum (modern Fossato di Vico?) and leading to Aesis (modern Iesi) on the Adriatic (Ionios Kolpos). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography 1 L. R. Taylor, The Voting Districts of the Roman Republic, 1960, 273. Nissen 2, 386.

[German version] City in Umbria (Umbri; Plin. HN 3,114) in the valley of the upper Tiber, modern Città di Castello; no remains survive; municipium of the tribus Clustumina (CIL XI 5939; 5942). T. was connected by road to Perusia and Arretium. Nearby there is a sanctuary in the oriental style; thermae at Rignaldello. A villa of Plinius [2] the Younger was to the north of T. (Plin. Ep. 4,1; 5,6; modern Colle Plinio near Lama, Selci). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography R. Margherini Graziani, Storia di Città di Castello, 1890 D. Diringer, Edizione Archeologica della Carta d'It…

[German version] Town of the prisci Latini, founded by Alba Longa north of the Anio (Liv. 1,33,4; 38,4; Medullum, Plin. HN 3,68). The town was captured by the Romans in the war against the Latini (340-338 BC). Deserted by the end of the Roman Republic; its exact location is unknown. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Nissen 2, 563.

[German version] Ships' mooring (It. Maritimum 499) on the promonturium Argentarium in Etruria, modern Porto Santo Stefano. The place name is to be interpreted as ‘ in cetaria’ and therefore denotes a fishing-port for tuna fish. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography R. Bronson, G. Uggeri, Isola del Giglio, in: SE 38, 1970, 208f.

[German version] River which rises in the Appenninus, forms the northern border of the territory of the Senones [1] ( Ager Gallicus )  (Liv. 5,35,3) and discharges into the  Adriatic (Ionios Kolpos) to the north of Ariminum (modern Rimini) between the Rivers  Ariminus and Rubico; modern Uso. Scarcely identifiable with the Vitis in Plin. HN 3,115 (modern Montone?). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Nissen 2, 250; 257  G. Radke, s. v. Viae Publicae Romanae, RE Suppl. 13, 1417-1686, here 1577 f.

[German version] Crater lake within the territory of the  Hirpini (accordingly: Valle d'Ansanto) with sulphuric vapours, colloquially called ‘Mufite’. Access to the underworld (Verg. Aen. 7,563 ff.). Nearby (near Valli), a sanctuary of the goddess  Mefitis (verified from 6th cent. BC to 1st cent. AD: Cic. Div. 1,79; Verg. Aen. 7,563-571; Plin. HN 2,208; for the 4th cent. AD: Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2,350). Finds of votive gifts: coins, bronze and terracotta objects, wooden statuettes; an Oscan dedication to Mefitis Aravina. Inscriptions: CIL IX 1023-34. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bib…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre | Umbri, Umbria Umbrian town (Umbrian ocre = Latin arx, 'citadel') in a dominant position on the left bank of the Tiber, allied to Rome from 308 BC. The Roman town developed during the Augustan period on the via Flaminia, 44 km from Rome and 12 from Narnia. In 90 BC, O. became the municipium of the tribus Arnensis (CIL XI 4081ff.), later in regio VI; modern Otricoli on the slopes of the Umbrian town, while the Roman settlement was lower in a westerly direction towards the Tiber at San Vittore. Remains…

[German version] Right-bank tributary of the Padus (modern Po), into which it flows at Placentia  (Plin. HN 3,118), modern Trebbia; it rises in the Ligurian Appenninus. It was on the T. that in 218 BC the first fighting between the Romans and Hannibal [4] took place (Pol. 3,66-74; Liv. 21,52-56). In its valley are the sacrarium Minervae Medicae Cabardiacensis and the Bobbio monastery founded in 612 by Saint Columbanus. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography G. Marchetti, P. Dall'Aglio, La battaglia del Trebbia, in: Atti dell' istituto de geologia dell' università di…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Social Wars | Socii (Roman confederation) | Caesar | Umbri, Umbria | Christianity | | Coloniae | Coloniae | Etrusci, Etruria | Commerce | Pilgrimage | Regio, regiones | Batavian Revolt Town of the  Umbri in Emilia on the southern bank of the Ariminus mouth (canal port), modern Rimini. Archaeological remains of the  Villanova culture and of the  Celts, Attic ceramics. From 268 BC colonia Latina (6,000 colonists; Vell. Pat. 1,14,6; Eutr.2,16); strategically important outpost in  Gallia Cisalpina (Pol. 3,61,11;…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Socii (Roman confederation) A town of eastern Aemilia located on the via Aemilia (Itin. Gaditanum 90; It. Ant. 100; 126; 287; It. Burd. 616; Tab. Peut. 4,5) at the crossing of the Anemo (Lamone), modern Faenza. Late Republican foundation (augural name), municipium, tribus Pollia [5. 93]. In 82 affected by the Civil War (Liv. Epit. 88; Vell. Pat.2,28; App. B Civ. 1,91). Famous for wine (Varro Rust. 1,2,7) and linen production (Plin. HN 19,9). Early Christian diocese. Prehistoric settleme…

[German version] Navigable  canal on the Etruscan coast ( regio VII) between Pisae and Luna with a road station on the via Aemilia Scauri (Ptol. 3,1,43; It. Ant. 293; Tab. Peut. 4,1) near Massarosa (Lucca). The builder, a Republican official, is not identified. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography A. Neppi Modona, Carta archeologica d'Italia 104, 1956, 16 Nissen 2, 287.

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Tribus City of the Latini east of Rome on the south-eastern banks of the Lago di Castiglione (a volcanic crater) left of the Anio, 12 miles from Rome, modern Gabi (Roma). According to legend, it was of Siculan origin or a foundation by Alba Longa. It was here that Romulus and Remus allegedly were instructed in literature, music, and the use of Greek weapons (links with Greece, culturally dominating position amongst the Latin cities). The text of a foedus with Rome, concluded under Tarquinius Priscus, was preserved on a l…

[German version] Navigable river in Etruria (Etrusci; Plin. HN 3,51), modern Ombrone. It rises near Saena/modern Siena, was crossed by the v ia Aurelia and formed a sea harbour at its mouth to the south of Lacus Prelius (Rut. Nam. 1,337-340; It. Ant. 500,4 f.). The place name is connected with the Tractus Umbriae, the stretch of land between Saena and Telamo originally settled by the Umbri (Plin. HN 3,51). Another U. (modern Ambra), a left-bank tributary of the Arnus, was crossed between Clusium and Florentia [1] by the v ia Cassia Hadriana. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: | Batavian Revolt Vicus in south-east Venetia on the Padus in the territory of Verona (Tac. Hist. 3,9), river port on the Ticinum - Ravenna route ( ab H. per Padum, Tab. Peut. 4,5), modern Ostiglia. Beginning of the southern branch of the via Claudia Augusta (ILS 208, Padana). Mentioned in connection with the battles of AD 69 (Tac. Hist. 2,100). A special honey production was practised here (Plin. HN 21,73). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography G. Paviani Buganza, Storia e topografia di Ostiglia, in: Atti e Memor…

[German version] ( Septaquae). Pagus ('district') in the territory of the Sabini at Reate (CIL IX 4206 f.; 4399), with its springs and lakes a centre of tourism (Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 1,14), also visited by Cicero in 54 BC (Cic. Att. 4,15,5; Rosea rura). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Nissen 2, 474.

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Social Wars | Socii (Roman confederation) | Theatre | Tribus | Umbri, Umbria | Coloniae | Natural catastrophes | Oracles | Punic Wars (Σπολήτιον/ Spolḗtion; Lat. Spoletum). City in Umbria (Str. 5,2,10; Ptol. 3,1,54) in the valley of Clitumnus on the Via Flaminia (It. Ant. 125,4), present-day Spoleto. Became c olonia (Coloniae) in 241 BC (Cic. Balb. 48; Liv. Per. 20; Vell. Pat. 1,14,8) with praetores, tresviri, iudices, tribunus, in 90 BC municipium, tribus Horatia; regio VI (Regio, regiones). S. was a Byzantine base in t…

[German version] River in Samnium, modern Sangro (Str. 5,4,2: Σάγρος/Ságros; Ptol. 3,1,19: Σάρος/Sáros). It passed through the territory of the Carricini past Aufidena and Trebula, then through the territory of the Frentani between Iuvanum and Pallanum, and flowed into the Ionios Kolpos between Ortona and Histonium. Below Castel di Sangro it could be crossed by a bridge that was part of the Roman road which went from Sulmo to Aesernia. Samnites, Samnium Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography L. Mariani, Aufidena, in: Monumenti antichi dei Lincei 10, 1901, 225-638, espe…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Tribus Sabine city on the left bank of the Tiber, 24 miles from Rome on the via Salaria. C. is the hometown of two Roman kings (Titus Tatius, Numa Pompilius), the designation of the Romans as Quirites (Str. 5,3,1), and also the name of the mons Quirinalis (Varro, Ling. 5,51). The Romans conquered C. under M'. Curius Dentatus (290 BC). As a municipium, C. was incorporated into the tribus Sergia. Sulla and Caesar deduced coloniae to C. It belonged to regio IV (Ov. Fast. 2,135; Str. 5,3,1) and was called C. Sabini in the imperial period…

[German version] Township in Gallia Cispadana (Pol. 3,40,13), modern Taneto near Sant'Ilario d'Enza (in the province of Reggio Emilia). Municipium, Regio VIII (Plin. HN. 3,116), on the right bank of the Incia, itself a right-bank tributary of the Padus (modern Po), between Parma [1] and Regium, somewhat to the north of the Via Aemilia (It. Ant. 267,8; Tab. Peut. 4,3;  It. Burd. 616,12: Canneto). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography M. Degani, Edizione archeologica 74 (Reggio Emilia), 1974, 30 f.

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Umbri, Umbria | Coloniae | Etrusci, Etruria A harbour town on the Etruscan coast south of the mouth of the Marta, connected to the via Aurelia by a byway; known today as Porto Clementino (municipality of Tarquinia). Commercial trading post for Tarquinii, prone to malaria (Cato Orig. 2: 46). In 181 BC, it becomes a Roman colonia, Tribus Stellatina, whose territory was divided into parcels of land of five iugera; later colonia Augusta, regio VII. Wine production and trade in red coral (Plin. HN 14, 67; 32, 21). Destroy…

[German version] [1] Spring near Venusia Spring near Venusia, the native city of  Horatius, who was prompted by B. to name B. [2]. In connection with Bantia (today Banzi), it is located in the Palazzo San Gervasio (today Potenza) on the basis of a bull of Pope Pasquale II (1103), who addresses an ecclesia ss. martyrum Gervasii et Protasii in Bandusino fonte apud Venusium and a castellum Bandusii. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Jaffé, 714, 5945. [German version] [2] Spring in Apulia Fons splendidior vitro (‘a spring, clearer than glass’ Hor. Carm. 3,13), named thus by…

[German version] Town in Latium (Luc. 2,134; App. B Civ. 1,87: Ἱερὸς λιμήν/ Hieròs Limḗn) on the upper reaches of the Tolerus (present-day Sacco) on the via Labicana between Praeneste and Signia, possibly near Piombinara. Here, Cornelius [I 90] Sulla crushed the army of Marius [I 2] in the spring of 82 BC (Plut. Sulla 28,4; App. B Civ. 1,87; Liv. Per. 87; Vell. Pat. 2,26; Luc. 2,134). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Nissen 2, 651  G. Tomassetti, La Campagna Romana, vol. 3, 1910, 459 (repr. 1976).