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(Χαιρήμων; Chairḗmōn). [German version] [1] Tragedian, middle of the 4th cent. BC Tragedian; mentioned by the comedy writers Eubulus (Ath. 2,43c) and Ephippus (Juv. fr. 9 Kock in Ath. 11,482b), which locates him in the middle of the 4th cent. BC. Performed again 276-19 at the Naïa in Dodona (DID B 11,13); titles: Alphesiboea, ‘Achilles killer of Thersites (Apulian vase, Boston 03.804 [1. 166]), Dionysus, Thyestes, Io, The Centaur, The Minyae, Odysseus, Oeneus and more than 40 fragments. Aristot. Rhet. 3,12,1413b8) counts him among those writers whose plays are full…

[German version] (Δαμάγητος; Damágētos). Mediocre epigrammatic poet of the ‘Garland’ of Meleager (Anth. Pal. 4,1,21), probably to be classified as part of the Peloponnesian School; he lived at the time of the w…

(Αὐτομέδων; Automédōn). [German version] [1] Charioteer to Achilles and Patroclus Son of Diores of Scyrus (Hyg. Fab. 97). Charioteer to Achilles and Patroclus (Hom. Il. 9,209; frequent references in books 16 and 17 of the Il.). He is often depicted in this role in vase paintings. In Virgil (Aen. 2,476f.) he is Neoptolemus' charioteer. From the time of Varro (Men. 257), in Rome …

[German version] [1] [...]us C. s. M.  Arruntius Claudianus Hofmann, Heinz (Tübingen) [German version] [2] Claudius C. Graeco-Latin poet, c. AD 400 Graeco-Latin poet (about AD 400) from Alexandria. C. first wrote Greek poetry of which the opening of a ‘gigantomachy is preserved, whose praefatio in elegiac distichs indicates recitation in Alexandria. Of the seven epigrams in the  Anthologia Palatina attributed to a Klaudianos (see Claudius  Claudianus [3]), four were written by this C. (5,86,, 9,140. 753f.). He may also be the writer of (lost) epic poems…

Plebeian family name, documented in Rome since the 1st cent. BC (on the derivation of asinus [1], on Etruscan parallels [2]). The family, whose most famous name-bearer was Asinus Pollio, originally came from Teate Marrucinorum (modern Chieti), was a member of the patrician class since the Augustan period and was particularly prominent in the 1st cent. AD. I. Republic [German version] [I 1] A. Senator (mid-1st cent. BC) Senator, supporter of Antony at Mutina in 43 BC (Cic. Phil. 13, 28). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 A. Hug, s.v. Spitznamen, RE 3 A, 1829 2 Schulze, 129. …

[German version] (Δαμόστρατος; Damóstratos). Author of an epigram on Meleager's ‘Garland’ (Anth. Pal. 9,328): a ‘Damostratus, son of Antilas’ (v. 3) dedicates wooden statues and boar skins to the Naiads. The attribution seems questionable as does the very existence of the otherwise unknown author (D. of Apamea, author of Halieutiká (Ἁλιευτικά), dates from a time post-Meleager, i.e. after the first half of the first cent. BC). …

(Ἀρχίας; Archías). [German version] [1] Corinthian, founder of Syracuse 733 BC Son of Euagetes of Corinth, probably belonging to the family of the  Bacchiadae. He left Corinth following a serious dispute, and, on the instruction of the Delphian oracle, led colonists to lower Italy. In about 733 BC, he founded  Syracusae in Sicily (Thuc. 6,3,2; Str. 6,2,4; Plut. Mor. 772e-773b).…

(Δωριεύς; Dorieús).…

[German version] (Ἀνύτη; Anýtē). Epigrammatic poetess of the ‘Garland’ of Meleager (Anth. Pal. 4,1,5), acclaimed representative of the Peloponnesian School. Born in Tegea, Arcadia, (not in Mytilene, as the lemmata of Anth. Pal. 7,492 erroneously states, cf. Poll. 5,48; Steph. Byz. 610,16), she lived in all probability at the turn of the 4th to the 3rd cent. BC and was also the author of lost epic and lyric poems (SH 80 f.). At least 19 epigrams (in addition, the following are uncertain or disputed;…

(Δημόκριτος; Dēmókritos). [1] of Abdera Atomist philosopher, 2nd half of the 5th cent. BC [German version] A. Life and Writing D. was active in the 2nd half of the 5th cent. and one of the main representatives of ancient  Atomism, which he adopted from  Leucippus. Their respective contributions to the theory of the atom are difficult to differentiate. It is characte…

[German version] [1] Macedonian commander (320-319 BC) …

[German version] (Ἀγαθίας; Agathías). Historian and poet from Myrina in Asia Minor, son of the rhetor Memnon. Born c. 532, died shortly after 580 AD. He studied rhetoric in Alexandria and law in Constantinople, where he then successfully practised as a lawyer (and this is why he was named Σχολαστικός; Scholastikós). His historical work continues that of Procopius, recounts in five books -- with long ethnographic and chronological digressions (up until 579) -- events of the years AD 552-559. He attempts to imi…

(Διοκλῆς; Dioklês). [German version] [1] Hero in Megara Hero in Megara. He supposedly died in battle, bravely covering a youth with his shield. At his grave boys competed for who could give the sweetest kiss. This agon, which took place every spring, was called Dioclea (Schol. Pind. Ol. 7,157; 13,156a; Theoc. 12,27-33 with Schol.: Aition). Perhaps the kisses represented farewell kisses repeated in the cult of the hero ([1]; to the contrary [2]). According to Schol. Aristoph. Ach.774 the agon was founded…

[German version] (Ερύκιος; Erýkios) Author of 14 epigrams in the ‘Garland’ of Philippus: dedicatory, funerary and epideictic epigrams treating traditional (often bucolic, cf. Anth. Pal. 6,96; 255; 7,174 etc.) themes with remarkable elegance. Internal evidence assigns him to the 2nd half of the 1st cent. BC and suggests that he probably visited Rome (cf. 6,96,2 Ἀρκάδες ἀμφότεροι and Verg. Ecl. 7,4 …

(Ἀλφειός; Alpheiós). [German version] [1] River in the Peloponnese At 110 kms it is the longest river with the largest volume of water flow of the  Peloponnese, which, with its tributaries (especially the  Ladon,  Erymanthus,  Lousius) drains a large part of  Arcadia and  Elis. The eastern spring, called A. surfaces on the valley watershed near the Eurotas (483 m above sea level at Ambelakion; possibly some tapping of the water flow). The A. has so far for the most part preserved the character of a mount…

(Ἀντίγονος; Antígonos). [German version] [1] Monophthalmus Diadoch (‘The One-eyed’), 382-301 BC.  Hetairos of  Philippus and  Alexander [4], married to  Stratonice, was the fath…

(Ἀντιφάνης; Antiphánēs). [German version] [1] Attic comic poet, 4th cent. BC Attic writer of comedies; concerning his family and lineage the information is quite contradictory [1. test. 1, 2]. His father as well as his son were called Stephanus, (his son as a writer of comedies, staged works of his father [1. test 1]). A. was born in the 93rd Olympiad (between 408 and 404 BC) [1. test. 1] and is said to have already begun his stage activity at 20 years, (‘after the 98th Olympiad’ [1. test. 2]). He is said to have died at the age of 74, thus between 334 and 330, but again…

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(Βασιλεῖος; Basileîos). [German version] [1] Basil the Great Theologian and bishop of Caesarea/Cappadocia. Markschies, Christoph (Berlin) [German version] A. Biography B. (born around 329/330 as the son of a Christian senatorial family who owned large estates) together with his younger brother  Gregorius of Nyssa and his friend  Gregorius of Nazianze were called the three great Cappadocians. His grandmother gave him his first introduction to the Bible and theology along the lines of Origenism. His education contin…