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Ptolemaeus
(19,876 words)
(Πτολεμαῖος/
Ptolemaîos). Personal name meaning 'warlike' (not 'hostile'), first recorded in Hom. Il. 4,228; the name occurred in Macedonia in the 5th and 4th cents. BC, from where it spread to Thessaly, still in the 4th cent. (IG IX 2, 598). It became prominent with the Lagid dynasty, and became common, not only in Egypt, where it may at first have indicated solidarity with the dynasty, but also elsewhere. It underwent many deformations and transmutations.…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Zoilus
(701 words)
(Ζωίλος/
Zōílos). [German version] [1] Greek Sophist from Amphipolis, 4th cent. BC Greek Sophist from Amphipolis, 4th cent. BC; active in the area of historiography [1], rhetoric …
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Brill’s New Pauly
Zenodorus
(744 words)
(Ζηνόδωρος/
Zēnódōros). [German version] [1] Greek mathematician, probably at the beginning of the 2nd cent. BC Greek mathematician, probably at the beginning of the 2nd cent. BC [5; 6. 604 f.]. He wrote a work 'Isoperimetric figures' (Περὶ ἰσοπεριμέτρων σχημάτων,
Perì isoperimétrōn schēmátōn) in which he proved that of all figures of the same circumference the circle has the greatest area, and formulated the proposition that of all bodies of the same surface area the sphere has the greatest volume [3; 4; 7]. Substantial parts of the …
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Brill’s New Pauly
Seleucus
(2,908 words)
(Σέλευκος/
Séleukos, Lat.
Seleucus). [German version] [1] Co-regent in the Regnum Bosporanum, c.400 BC…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Theopompus
(1,730 words)
(Θεόπομπος/
Theópompos). [German version] [1] Spartan king, around 700 BC Among the early Spartan kings, the Eurypontid T. (Eurypontids), son of Nicander [1] (Hdt. 8,131), is the only one securely identified in a contemporary source: Tyrtaeus (fr. 2 Gentili/Prato) names him as a victorious king in the 1st Messenian War (
…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Zeno
(6,572 words)
(Ζήνων/
Zḗnōn.) [German version] [1] Z. of Elea Eleatic philosopher, 5th cent. BC (Son of Teleutagoras). Eleatic philosopher of the 5th cent. BC; a pupil and intimate friend of Parmenides who became famous for his paradoxes. According to the Suda (29 A 2 DK), Z. wrote many books; but his Λόγοι (
Lógoi, 'Arguments', 40 according to Proclus, 29 A 15 DK) probably belonged to a single book, the one he read aloud to his closest circles in Athens (cf. Pl. Prm. 127c-d). In the lost dialogue
Sophistes, Aristotle (Aristoteles [6]) declares Z. to have been the 'inventor' (
protos heuretes …
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Brill’s New Pauly
Parthenius
(1,172 words)
[German version] I Greek (Παρθένιος;
Parthénios). [German version] [I 1] Prolific writer from Nicaea or Myrlea, 1st cent. BC 1st cent. BC; from Nicaea or Myrlea; according to the Suda (π 664 = T 1 Lightfoot)…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Palamedes
(482 words)
(Παλαμήδης/
Palamḗdēs). [German version] [1] Son of Nauplius and Clymene (Π./
P., or Ταλαμήδης/
Talamḗdēs, Etr.
Palmithe or
Talmithe). Son of Nauplius [1] and Clymene [5] or Hesione [2], brother of Oeax (Apollod. 2,23; 3,15). The seemingly obvious etymological meaning of the name ('with skilful hands') becomes doubtful considering the Etruscan form
talmithe (from Greek
pálmys =
basileús, 'king'). In Greek, P. is the epitome of the skilful inventor (
prṓtos heuretḗs ) [1] (cf. Pl. Phdr. 261d). He is attributed, for instance, with the invention…
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Brill’s New Pauly