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[German Version] (sg. minhag; from the Heb. נהג/ nhg, literally “use to do”). Since antiquity, in both Ashkenazi and Sephardic Judaism (Judaism: II), the term denotes customs and traditions as practised in regions or communities, sometimes even in individual families and by religious authorities in any area of religious practice with respective particular features: inter alia in the ritual of prayers and the insertion of synagogue poetry ( piyyutim; Poetry: III, 2; Liturgy: VII), in food and purity regulations ( issur we-hetter), in ritual slaughter and meat inspection. Alre…

[German Version] I. Old Testament – II. New Testament – III. Judaism I. Old Testament 1. History of scholarship For the biblical tradition of the Torah, Moses, born in Egypt (Exod 2:1–10), was the founder of Israel's religion and its lawgiver at Sinai (Exod 3f.; Exod 19 – Num 10), the designer of its judicial system (Exod 18*), the leader of the people in Egypt and during the exodus (Exod 2; 5–15) and ¶ the subsequent journey from Egypt to the land of Moab (Exod 16f.; Num 10 – Deut 34), who before his death (Deut 34:5f.) put the Torah into writing (Deut 31:9) and w…

[German Version] I. Linguistics – II. Philosophy – III. Religious Studies – IV. Philosophy of Religion – V. Old Testament – VI. New Testament – VII. Church History – VIII. Judaism – IX. Islam I. Linguistics Linguistically, a name is a proper noun ( nomen proprium) as opposed to a common noun ( n…

[German Version] I. Religious Studies – II. Old Testament – III. New Testament – IV. Medieval and Modern Judaism – V. The Law – VI. History and Sociology – VII. Social Ethics – VIII.  Socialization Theory – IX. Education – X. Practical Theology I. Religious Studies The term family describes a varied network of relationships between paren…