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I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] V., P. Ancestor of V. [I 2] from Reate, who was told of a victory over Perseus [2] in a dream in 168 BC (Cic. Nat. D. 2,6; 3,13; Val. Max. 1,8,1).…

[German version] [1] V. Tullus, C. Recorded in 53-48 BC as a junior officer of Caesar (Caes. B Gall. 6,29,3: adulescentem; 8,46,4(?); Caes. B Civ. 3,52,2). Brother or cousin of V. [3]. …

Name of an originally Etruscan plebeian family (Etruscan form Velimna) that was significant in the early Republic. The Volumnii of the 1st cent. BC are not its descendants. The tomb of the V. in Perusia (modern Perugia) with bilingual inscriptions (CIL XI 1963 - CIE 3763) was used from the 2nd cent. onwards. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] V., P. Fought in 42 BC as a friend of M. Iunius [I 10] Brutus in the battle of Philippi, and wrote about it in a now lost work (Plut. Brutus 48; 51). Possibly identical to V. [4]? Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [German version] [2] V. Amintinus Gallus…

[German version] Variant of the nomen gentile Vinius (Schulze, 425). The most important representative is V. Asina (MSS and scholia record various cognomina), addressee of Hor. Epist. 1,13 who is asked to forward works by Horace to Augustus. The social status of the messenger, who is not represented very flatteringly, is not revealed; V. may also be fictional.…

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A rare Roman family name, probably derived from Plancus. We know of Plancii from Atina (P. [1-2]) in the 1st cent. BC, and of Plancii from Perge in the 1st -2nd cents. AD. [German version] [1] P., Cn. Tax farmer, 1st cent. BC Of an old equestrian family from Atina (Cic. Planc. 32; cf. CIL X 5075; 5119). He served under Licinius [I 15] Crassus in Spain, probably in 96-93 BC. Thereafter active as a tax farmer ( P ublicani ). In 61-59 BC he distinguished himself as the spokesman for the tax farmers of Asia in a dispute about an inheritance concerning tax…

Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [German version] A. Generic Concept (CT) Long before Büchmann there existed a body of familiar 'famous quotations' from the ancient languages. Vast numbers of such quotations from lost works fill our collections of fragments: Solon's “γηράσκω δ' αiεi πολλὰ διδασκόμενος”, "I grow old and ever go on learning" may stand as one example for hundreds of others. Macrobius in the Saturnalia 5,16,7, gives a series o…

[German version] Supposedly the lover who was the subject of Tibullus elegies under the pseudonym Delia (Apul. Apol. 10). Bartels, Jens (Bonn)

Roman nomen gentile, possibly connected to the Etruscan pupu. The family is otherwise politically insignificant; the adoptive father of the consul for 61 BC, P. [I 3], is unknown. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republic [German version] [I 1] In Horace, the author of tragedies, 1st cent. BC The only source for the author P. is Horatius (Epist. 1,1,67). According to this, P. was probably an author of tragedies. He lived in the 1st cent. BC. The scope and precise content of his poetry is unknown. Günther, Matthias (Bielefeld) Bibliography …

[German version] Etruscan haruspex famous in Rome in the middle of the 1st cent. BC (Haruspices). In 44 he prophesied the danger threatening Caesar (Cic. Div. 1,119; Suet. Iul. 81; Val. Max. 8,11,2); he is presumably the …

Roman nomen gentile, sometimes confused with Sextius. The family surfaced as patrician with S. [1] and [5] in the mid 5th cent. BC. In the late Republic, it had only (politically insignificant) plebeian members. …

Uncommon Roman nomen gentile (Schulze, 373). [German version] T., T. Served as an equestrian prefect or military tribune under Caesar in Gaul. While requisitioning grain in the winter of 57/6 BC he and other officers were captured by Breton tribes who were then subjugated (Caes. Gall. 3,7-16). Bartels, Jens (Bonn)

Roman gens of Etruscan origin (Schulze, 248). [German version] [1] V., L. was accused c. 80 BC of murder and defended by Cicero, who claimed that the deed had been in the interest of the accuser Ancharius [2] Rufus and that hence he was the murderer, but lost the case (Prisc. Institutiones grammaticae 7,70; 12,29; Quint. Inst. 5,13,28; 7,1,9; 7,2,36; 9,2,56). Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [German version] [2] V. Rufus A senator; he represented the province of Bithynia et Pontus in the Senate against the proconsul Iulius [II 28] Bassus, who had been accused of extortion (…

Italian, presumably a family name from Etruria (Schulze 80; 225). Cf. also Satyrius. I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] S., M. As the son of L. Minucius Basilus's sister, he was adopted by him, but was bypassed by means of a forged will (Cic. Off. 3,73 f.; Minucius [I 4]). In 44/43 BC he is recorded as patron of the Picentes and Sabines and a follower of M. Antonius [I 9] (Cic. Off. 3,74; Cic. Phil. 2,107). He cannot be identified with the legate of C. Trebonius in Cicero (Ad Brut. 1,6,3). Bartels, Jens (Bonn) II. Imperial period [German version] [II 1] S. Rufus Senator in the reign of …

Italian family name, attested at Rome from the 1st cent. BC, but of political importance only from the time of Augustus, with S. [II 4-6] (Schulze, 228). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] S., L. Mint magistrate in 101 BC (RRC 328) and praetor urbanus c. 93-89 (ILS 8208; Syme, RP 2, 608 f.). Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] S. Satu…

Name of a Roman patrician family (epigraphically also Serveilius), said to have migrated to Rome from Alba Longa under king Tullus Hostilius [4] (Liv. 1,30,2; Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 3,29,7). The oldest branches are the Ahalae and Fidenates in the 5th and 4th cents. BC; the Caepiones and Gemini, from whom the Vatiae (Isaurici) descended, appear in the 3rd cent. The last prominent member of the Servilii Caepiones was the murderer of Caesar, M. Iunius [I 10] Brutus, son of Servilia [1], and himself adopted into the family. …

Roman family name, probably derived from Varus. Name-bearers first attested in the 1st cent. BC, but only in the Imperial period did they attain any prominence. …

Old and frequently attested Roman nomen gentile (Schulze, 242; 425). I. Republican period [German version] …

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[German version] [1] Wife of M. Licinius [I 11] Crassus Married before 87 BC to M. Licinius [I 11] Crassus, after previously being married to his  elder brother (who was dead when she remarried). Alongside public praise (Cic. Cael. 9) there were also rumours of affairs (Plut. Cicero 25,5; Suet. Iul. 50,1). Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [German version] [2] Grandmother of Vespasian Wife of T. Flavius Petro, a veteran of the Civil War, and grandmother of the emperor Vespasianus, whom she raised on her estate in Cosa (Suet. Vesp. 1 f.). Bartels, Jens (Bonn)