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Abū Shakūr al-Sālimī

(580 words)

Author(s): Rudolph, Ulrich
Abū Shakūr Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Sayyid b. Shuʿayb al-Sālimī was a Ḥanafī scholar who lived in Transoxania in the second half of the fifth/eleventh century. Little else is known of his biography, as the Ḥanafī biographical dictionaries do not mention him. His teachings, however, are well attested since his Kitāb al-tamhīd fī bayān al-tawḥīd (Introduction to the explanation of the unity of God) is extant in numerous manuscripts, although it has not yet been edited. In eleven chapters (following MS Berlin 2456), this text provides a comprehensive review of Ḥanafī Māturīdī …
Date: 2021-07-19

al-Balkhī, Abū Muṭīʿ

(871 words)

Author(s): Rudolph, Ulrich
Abū Muṭīʿ al-Ḥakam b. ʿAbdallāh b. Maslama al-Balkhī (112–99/730–814) was one of the earliest proponents of the Ḥanafiyya in eastern Iran. Apparently as a young man, he travelled to Mecca and through Iraq (al-Kaʿbī, 93:2–3), where he met Abū Ḥanīfa (d. 150/767). Later, he reportedly also visited Abū Yūsuf (d. 182/798) in Baghdad (al-Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī, 8:223 lines 11–12). Most of his life, however, he spent in his birth city of Balkh, where he held the office of qāḍī for sixteen years and died on 12 Jumādā I 199/30 December 814 (al-Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī, 8:223 lines 15–16). Abū Muṭīʿ adopted…
Date: 2021-07-19

Abū Naṣr al-ʿIyāḍī

(339 words)

Author(s): Rudolph, Ulrich
Abū Naṣr Aḥmad b. al-ʿAbbās al-ʿIyāḍī was a Ḥanafī scholar active in Transoxania in the second half of the third/ninth century. Little is known of his life. He was apparently for a time qāḍī of Samarqand, and he is said to have carried on discussions with the Shāfiʿīs. The sources emphasise his capture and martyrdom on a campaign waged by the Sāmānid ruler Naṣr b. Aḥmad (r. 261–79/874–92) against the Turks, presumably towards the end of his reign. Despite the paucity of our sources, it is apparent that al-ʿIyāḍī played a significant role in the development of Ḥanafī theol…
Date: 2021-07-19

Abū Salama al-Samarqandī

(507 words)

Author(s): Rudolph, Ulrich
Abū Salama Muḥammad b. Muḥammad al-Samarqandī was a Ḥanafī scholar who lived probably in the second half of the fourth/tenth century in Transoxania. As reported by Abū l-Muʿīn al-Nasafī (d. 508/1114) ( Tabṣira 1:358), he was a student of Abū Aḥmad al-ʿIyāḍī, who had studied under Abū Manṣūr al-Māturīdī (d. 333/944), among others. This line of transmission is confirmed by a short theological work by Abū Salama, Jumal uṣūl al-dīn, which is found in an Istanbul manuscript (Şehit Ali 1648/1, fols. 1–16), edited and published by Ahmet Saim Kılavuz. The manuscript also…
Date: 2021-07-19

Ammonius (Ps.) son of Hermias

(740 words)

Author(s): Rudolph, Ulrich
Ammonius (Ps.) son of Hermias (Ammonios Hermeiou) (d. c.520 C.E.), one of the last important representatives of the philosophical school of Alexandria, is mentioned in a number of Arabic sources. Abū Sulaymān al-Sijistānī reports that he studied with Proclus and himself taught John Philoponus (Ibn Abī Uṣaybiʿa, ʿUyūn 1:144). Ibn al-Nadīm is aware of some of his works. To be sure, three of these (whose authenticity is uncertain) he knows only by hearsay, namely, Explanation of the teachings of Aristotle on the Creator, On Aristotle's intentions in his books, and Aristotle's proof of t…
Date: 2021-07-19