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Luxury

(972 words)

Author(s): Corbier, Mireille (Paris)
[German version] ( luxuria; Greek τρυφή; tryphḗ). In the centre of the Latin terminology around luxury, the noun luxus stands together with its derivatives luxuria and luxuries. The word luxus denotes first a crossing of the line or an excess, a spontaneous un-wished-for growth, especially an excess in lifestyle. The connotation here is clearly negative, whereas magnificentia has rather the meaning of ‘splendour’ and ‘expenditure’. The general term luxury encompasses other terms, such as lautitia, apparatus, sumptus. Luxury is considered a vice in Latin literature, because it is connected with boasting and was…

Storage economy

(2,351 words)

Author(s): Renger, Johannes (Berlin) | Schneider, Helmuth (Kassel) | Corbier, Mireille (Paris)
[German version] I. Ancient Near East The creation of stores, esp. of less per…

Liberalitas, largitio

(1,766 words)

Author(s): Corbier, Mireille (Paris) | Schneider, Helmuth (Kassel)
[German version] A. Etymology and development of the word's meaning The term liberalitas (= li.) denotes, on an abstract level, an attribute (cf. Sen. Dial. 7,24,3: ... quia a libero animo pro…

Congiarium

(481 words)

Author(s): Corbier, Mireille (Paris)

Munificentia

(1,102 words)

Author(s): Corbier, Mireille (Paris)
[German version] A. Definition The Latin term munificentia is derived from munificus (‘one who carries out the duties of office’, ‘munificent’), an adjective in turn derived from munia ( munus ) and facere. The term munificientia, used by Sallustius to characterise Caesar's generosity (Sall. Catil. 54,2), is found neither in Caesar nor in Cicero (but cf. munificentissimus: Cic. Q. Rosc. 22). In Sallustius and Livy (Liv. 5,3,8)  munificentia describes the gifts or favours bestowed on or granted to the people in order to acquire gratia (‘influence’, ‘esteem’). Like liberalitas , munifi…

Munus, Munera

(5,302 words)

Author(s): Corbier, Mireille (Paris) | Hönle, Augusta (Rottweil)
I. Etymology and definition [German version] A. Definition As demonstrated by Benveniste [1] Lat. munus, derived from the root mei, to ‘(ex)change’, is closer related to exchange rather than gift. Varro, in his proposed etymology of munus (Varro, Ling. 5,179: munus, quod mutuo animo qui sunt, dant officii causa; alterum munus, quod muniendi causa imperatum; cf. [5. 141]), emphasised in his first example the reciprocity of giving; in his second example munus referred to a contribution towards fortification purposes. The grammarian Verrius Flaccus, a contemporary of …