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[German version] (Σώδαμος/ Sṓdamos) of Tegea. A number of sources, which can be traced to Strato of Lampsacus, 3rd century AD (fr. 146 f. Wehrli), and Clearchus (PSI IX 1093, cf. fr. 69d Wehrli), tell that the gnome Μηδὲν ἄγαν· καιρῷ πάντα πρόσεστι καλά ("Nothing too much; everything beautiful has its own measure") was ascribed to S. instead of Chilon [1]. An epígramma handed down in schol. Eur. Hipp. 264 in the form of a single distich, permits the assumption that S. had an inscription with Chilon's saying mounted in the Temple of Athena in Tegea, parall…

[German version] (Βούτας; Boútas). The name possibly refers to a freedperson of Cato Uticensis (Plut. Cato 70 = SH 236); he wrote Αἴτια (‘Causes’) of Roman content in the elegiac metre in which, i.a., he dealt with the origin of the Lupercalia (a distich in Plut. Romulus 21,8 = SH 234) and the Bona Dea (Arnob. 5,18 = SH 235). Di Marco, Massimo (Fondi Latina)

[German version] (Βοΐσκος; Boḯskos) from Cyzicus. Mar. Vict. 2,4,30 (VI 82 Keil) and Rufin. 1,28 (VI 564 Keil) have transmitted an unusually catalectic iambic octometer of his (= SH 233); B., who calls himself καινοῦ γραφεὺς ποιήματος (‘writer of new poetry’), declares his pride in developing this verse. B. can perhaps be identified with the eponymous ποιητὴς καινῆς κωμῳδίας (‘writer of New Comedy’) who won a victory at Thespiae around 100 BC (IG VII 1761); cf. [1;2]. Di Marco, Massimo (Fondi Latina) Bibliography 1 Kroll, s.v. B. (5), RE Suppl. 3, 211 2 U. v. Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, G…

[German version] (Ἀγαμήστωρ; Agamḗstōr). Writer of elegies from Pharsalus, probably Hellenistic, composed a Θέτιδος ἐπιθαλάμιος, of which Tzetzes (ad Lycophr. 178, II S. 89 Scheer; ad Iliadem S. 811, 31 ff. Bachm.) has transmitted four verses (= SH 14) with an etymological interpretation of the name Ἀχιλεύς ( Achileús= ἀ+ χεῖλος) ; see [1]. Di Marco, Massimo (Fondi Latina) Bibliography 1 K.-H. Tomberg, Die Kaine Historia des Ptolemaios Chennos, 1968, 97, 127 f.

[German version] (Φιλιάδας; Philiádas) of Megara. Steph. Byz. s.v. Θέσπεια ascribes to him an ἐπίγραμμα τῶν ἀναιρεθέντων ὑπὸ τῶν Περσῶν ('epigram on those who fell against the Persians') from which he quotes an elegiac distich (GVI no. 5 Peek = no. 23 Preger = FGE 289-290 = IEG II2 p. 193) lauding the bravery of the Thespians. The theory that this formed part of an Epitaphios carved on one of the five steles erected at Thermopylae (Str. 9,4,2) is probably without foundation [1; 2]. The hypothesis that P. authored vv. 773-782 (788) of the Theognidea (Theognis [1]) is also dubious [3]. Di Marco,…

[German version] (Ἑρμησιάναξ; Hermēsiánax). Elegiac poet from Colophon, friend and pupil of  Philitas (schol. Nic. Ther. 3 = fr. 12 Powell). He published an elegiac poem in three books, with the name of the woman he loved, Leontion, as title. In it, he recounted the experiences of famous people in love, drawing on myth and history. From the third volume 98 verses are preserved by Ath. 13,597b (= fr. 7 Powell), showing how love conquered both poets (Orpheus, Musaeus, Hesiod, Homer, Mimnermus, Antima…

[German version] (Ἀξιόπιστος; Axiópistos) from Locris or Sicyon. He probably lived in the 4th cent. BC and is the author of two books, Κανών ( Kanṓn) and Γνῶμαι ( Gnômai), which were published under Epicharmus' name (Ath. 14,648d = Philoch. FGrH 328 F 79; Apollod. FRrH 244 F 226). Whether or not  Epicharmus had himself made a collection of aphorisms ( gnômai) from his dramas -- the fame he had achieved as γνωμικός, gnōmikós (Anon. ap. CGF I p. 7,18 Kaibel) certainly encouraged the tendency towards forgeries at a very early stage. It is in any case very difficult to …

[German version] (Ἀγάθυλλος; Agáthyllos). A Hellenistic writer of elegies, from Arcadia; Dion. Hal. 1,49,1 (= SH 15) has transmitted somewhat more than three of his verses. According to the version of the myth discernible here, Aeneas stops in Arcadia on his journey from Troy before reaching ‘Hesperia’, where he fathers Romulus. A. is also quoted as the source for the tradition, going back to Hegesianax of Alexandria (FGrH 45 F 9-10), of Rome's founding by Ῥῶμος (= Remus), who in this tradition is, like Romulus, a son of Aeneas (Dion. Hal. 1,72,1 = SH 16). Di Marco, Massimo (Fondi Latina)

[German version] (Παρμένων; Parménōn) from Byzantium, Hellenistic poet. Four fragments of his choliambic verses are still extant (1,2,4 CollAlex 237; SH 604 A). The humorous description of a drunkard (fr. 1 P.) and the incipit of a hymn to the Nile are particularly expressive; the latter has a catalogue of the inhabitants of various northern Egyptian towns (SH 604 A). It has been assumed that his poetry was influenced by the Cynics [1]. Di Marco, Massimo (Fondi Latina) Bibliography 1 G.A. Gerhard, Phoinix von Kolophon, 1909, 211-213.

[German version] (Φανοκλῆς; Phanoklȇs). Early Hellenistic elegist, author of a poem entitled Ἔρωτες ἢ καλοί ( Érōtes ḕ kaloí/'Amours, or the Fair Youths'; fr. 1-6 Powell) which recounted the homosexual liaisons of gods and mythical heroes. The poem resembled a register (Catalogue) similar to Hesiod’s Catalogue of Women (Hesiodus). P. is probably also influenced by the Leontion of Hermesianax, with whom he shares a penchant for placing adjectives and nouns forming a juncture before the caesura and at the end of the pentameter, respectively. The longest fragment (1 Powell) contai…

(Ἑρμείας; Hermeías) see also Hermias (Ἑρμίας; Hermías). [German version] [1] Of Methymna, author of Sikelika, dated 4th cent. BC of Methymna. Probably 4th cent. BC. First ‘foreign’ author of Sikeliká, comprising 10 or 12 bks and covering the period up to 376/5 (Diod. Sic. 15,37,3). As only a single fragment is extant, he hardly seems to have influenced the subsequent tradition. Meister, Klaus (Berlin) Bibliography Fr.: FGrH 558. Bibliography: K. Meister, Die griech. Geschichtsschreibung, 1990, 69. [German version] [2] Of Curium, iambic poet, Hellenistic period of Curium, iambi…

[German version] [1] The Elder Lyric poet, 6th cent. BC (Ἀνακρέων [ Anakréōn], or for metrical reasons also Ἀνακρείων [ Anakreíōn]). Robbins, Emmet (Toronto) [German version] A. Life Writer of monodic lyrics and one of the nine authors who belong to the Alexandrian canon of the nine lyrical poets. A. was born in the town of Teos in Ionia; the details about the name of his father vary (Suda). The chronology of his life is also uncertain and is based on the assumption that he was a contemporary of Polycrates of Samos; for the akme of A. the date Olympiad 62/2 (531 BC) given by Eusebius is…

(Τίμων/ Tímōn). [German version] [1] T. of Athens Epitome of the misanthropist. Son of a certain Echecratidas, from the demos of Collytus, 5th cent. BC. T., whose historicity is uncertain, withdrew from society, probably after suffering disappointments, and died because he did not want to see a doctor. His tomb, which lay on a shore ledge, is said to have been washed off by the sea (Phrynichus, Monótropos, fr. 18 CAF; Aristoph. Av. 1549; Aristoph. Lys. 805-815; Neanthes FGrH 84 F 35; among others: [1]). Legendary interpretations of his figure and confusion with…

(Χάρων; Chárōn). [German version] [1] Ferry-man of the Underworld Poetic coining from χαροπός ( charopós) ‘dark-gazing’ [1. 309]; probably originally a euphemistic term for death [2. 229f.; 3. 32f.], and personified in epic poetry during the 6th cent. at the earliest (Orpheus: Serv. Aen. 6,392; Minyas) [1. 305,1; 2. 229]; not mentioned in Homer; earliest attested in the Minyas epic (PEG I: beginning 5th cent.?); thereafter popular as a burlesque figure, especially in Athenian dramatic poetry (Eur. HF, Alc.; A…

(Ξενοφάνης/ Xenophánēs). [German version] [1] X. of Colophon Greek poet, philosopher of nature, 6th/5th cent. BC Greek poet, social and religious critic, natural philosopher (6th/5th cents. BC). AL.M. [German version] I. Life and transmission X. must have lived between 570 and 467 BC (these dates reflect adjustments for contradictions in the ancient biographical tradition). According to an autobiographical comment, he lived to be over 90 years old (21 B 8 DK). Ancient doxography connected him to Elea (Velia) and Parmenides. The …

(Φαίδιμος/ Phaídimos, 'Radiant One'). [German version] [1] Son of Amphion and Niobe One of the sons of Amphion [1] and Niobe shot by Apollo (Apollod. 3,45; Ov. Met. 6,239; Hyg. Fab. 11; Lact. ad Stat. Theb. 3,191-193; Mythographi Vaticani 1,156). Binder, Carsten (Kiel) [German version] [2] King of the Sidonians King of the Sidonians who hospitably received Menelaus [1] on his wanderings during his return from Troy; P. presented him with a cup made by Hephaestus (Hom. Od. 4,617-619; 15,117-119). Binder, Carsten (Kiel) [German version] [3] One of the 50 Thebans who enticed Tydeus …

(Εὔδημος; Eúdemos). [German version] [1] Sculptor in Miletus, 1st half of the 6th cent. BC Sculptor in Miletus. He signed a male seated statue of the 1st half of the 6th cent. BC, one of the earliest  Branchidae of Didyma. Neudecker, Richard (Rome) Bibliography Fuchs/Floren, 373-375 Loewy, No. 3 K. Tuchelt, Die archaischen Skulpturen von Didyma, 1970, 77-78, 121. [German version] [2] of Cyprus Friend of Aristotle A friend of  Aristotle of about the same age, participated, as a follower of Dion [I 1], in the overthrow of Dionysius II and was killed in the fight…

(Δίφιλος; Díphilos). [German version] [1] Athenian operator of a silver mine c. 330 BC Athenian operator of a silver mine. In 330 BC, he was charged by Lycurgus with illegally mining the mesokrineís (pillars), which served both as markers to separate the various leases within the mine but also as safety props, and sentenced to death. His assets of 160 talents were confiscated and distributed amongst the citizens (Ps.-Plut. Mor. 843D).  Mining Schmitz, Winfried (Bielefeld) Bibliography J. Engels, Studien zur polit. Biographie des Hypereides, 21993, 224-237 M. H. Hansen, Demography…

(Αἰσχίνης; Aischínēs). [German version] [1] Student of Socrates From the Attic deme of Sphettus, son of Lysanias, student of Socrates. Born between 430/420 BC, died after 375/6 BC. A. was present during Socrates' trial and death (Pl. Ap. 33e; Phaed. 59b). A. is said to have been poor when he joined Socrates. In a speech by Lysias, he was accused of being a notorious debtor (Ath. 13,611d-612f). It remains unclear, whether A. indeed composed court speeches and delivered lectures for cash -- as claimed by …

(Σώστρατος/ Sṓstratos). [German version] [1] Of Cnidus, Greek architect, 1st half of 3rd cent. BC Son of Dexiphanes of Cnidus; architect of the early Hellenistic period (1st half of 3rd cent. BC), mentioned several times in ancient literature (Plin. HN 36,83; Lucian, Amores 11; Lucian, Hippias 2). He was also diplomatically active, as one of the philoi of Ptolemaeus [3] II (Str. 17,1,6). As well as with various canal constructions linked to the conquest of the Egyptian city of Memphis and buildings at Cnidus and Delphi (FdD III/1 nos. 198 and 299), h…