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banū l-Kanz

(315 words)

Author(s): P. M. Holt
(Awlād al-Kanz), clan qui tire son origine des membres de la tribu des Rabīʿa qui émigrèrent, au IIIe/IXe siècle, dans la région d’Aswān où ils se marièrent avec des Bed̲j̲a [ q.v.] et qui finirent par prendre possession des mines d’or d’al-ʿAllāḳī [ q.v.]. L’éponyme de ce clan, qui se nommait Abu l-Makārim Hibat Allāh, reçut, en 397/1007, du calife fāṭimide al-Ḥākim [ q.v.] le titre honorifique de Kanz al-dawla pour les services rendus en capturant le rebelle Abū Rakwa, et ses successeurs continuèrent à porter ce titre. Comme ils étaient les gardiens des f…

Ḳāʾim-Maḳām

(714 words)

Author(s): Kuran, E. | P. M. Holt
In the Ottoman Empire the title of Ḳāʾim-maḳām was borne by a number of different officials, the most important of whom was the ṣadāret ḳāʾim-maḳāmi̊ or ḳāʾim-maḳām pas̲h̲a who stayed in the capital as deputy when the grand vizier had to leave for a military campaign. The appointment of a ḳāʾim-maḳām seems to have begun in the 10th/16th or even in the 9th/15th century and it lasted until the end of the Empire. The ḳāʾim-maḳām enjoyed almost all the authority of the grand vizier, issuing firmans and nominating functionaries, but he was not allowed to intervene in the a…

Ḏj̲arīda

(16,453 words)

Author(s): Lewis, B. | Pellat, Ch. | Ed. | P. M. Holt | K. Hitti, Philip | Et al.
, literally “leaf”, which has become the usual term in modern Arabic for a newspaper, its adoption being attributed to Fāris al-S̲h̲idyāḳ [ q.v.]. Its synonym ṣaḥīfa is less used in the sing., but the plural ṣuḥuf is more common than d̲j̲arāʾid . Some interest in the European press was shown by the Ottomans as early as the 18th century and, it would seem, excerpts from European newspapers were translated for the information of the dīwān (Prussian despatch from Constantinople, of 1780, cited by J. W. Zinkeisen, Geschichte des osmanischen Reiches , vi, Gotha 1859, …

Ḏj̲arīda

(16,265 words)

Author(s): B. Lewis et Ch. Pellat | Réd. | P. M. Holt | Réd | Ph. K. Hitti | Et al.
, littéralement «feuille», terme dont l’adoption est attribuée à Fāris al-S̲h̲idyāḳ [ q.v.], et qui est devenu usuel en arabe moderne pour désigner un journal. Son synonyme, ṣaḥīfa, est moins employé au sing., mais le pluriel ṣuḥuf est plus fréquent que d̲j̲arāʾid. Dès le XVIIIe s., les Ottomans manifestèrent quelque intérêt pour la presse européenne, et il semble bien que des extraits de journaux d’Europe aient été traduits pour l’information du dīwān (dépêche prussienne de Constantinople (1780), citée par J. W. Zinkeisen, Gesch. des osm. Reiches, VI, Gotha 1859, 290-1); cet em…