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Soldier emperors

(177 words)

Author(s): Franke, Thomas (Bochum)
[German version] The term SE was first [1. 13] used to describe the emperors "from the end of the reign of Commodus until the beginning of that of Diocletian" (AD 192-284), but today the Severan dynasty (AD 193-235; Septimius [II 7]) is generally kept separate (as already [2. 393-468]: Severans = military monarchy, subsequently military anarchy) and only the period from Maximinus [2] Thrax (235-238) to Diocletianus (284-305) is called the period of the SE or the "Crisis of the 3rd cent. AD." The t…

Gallienus

(862 words)

Author(s): Franke, Thomas (Bochum)
[German version] Imp. Caes. P. Licinius Egnatius G. Augustus, born c. AD 218 near Milan ([Aur. Vict.] epit. Caes. 33,3), son of the later emperor P. Licinius Valerianus and Egnatia Mariniana. Valerian, who had himself proclaimed emperor in September/October 253, immediately appointed G. Caesar, then Augustus, and had this confirmed by the Senate with a territorial allocation of responsibilities: Valerian went to the east to confront the Persian threat, G. went to the west to defend the Rhine and Danube bo…

Herennianus

(87 words)

Author(s): Franke, Thomas (Bochum)
[German version] The younger son of  Odaenathus and  Zenobia (SHA Gall. 13,2; SHA Tyr. Trig. 15,2; 17,2; 24,4; 27; 28; 30). Following the death of his father he and his elder brother Timolaus received the ornamenta imperatoria, while their mother ruled on behalf of the under-age children (SHA Tyr. Trig. 27,1; 30,2; SHA Aurel. 22,1; 38,1). Later, however, her third son  Vaballathus assumed power. H. was probably killed by Aurelian (SHA Tyr. Trig. 27,1f.). Franke, Thomas (Bochum) Bibliography PIR2 H 95 PLRE 1, 421 (H. 1).

Pescennius

(442 words)

Author(s): Franke, Thomas (Bochum)
[German version] Imperator Caesar C.P. Niger Iustus Augustus, Roman emperor AD 193-194, of Italian origin, born between AD 135 and 140 in Aquinum (?) (SHA Pesc. Nig. 1,3). P. initially completed the equestrian cursus honorum: he was praefectus cohortis during the reign of Marcus [2] Aurelius and served twice as tribunus militum under Commodus (SHA Pesc. Nig. 4,2; 4,4), who admitted him to the Praetorian guard ( adlectus inter praetorios). Between AD 180 and 183, P. held the office of consul ( cos. suff., Hdn. 2,7,4; [1. 138; 2. 138f.]) and may have proved his military ability …

Magnia Urbica

(63 words)

Author(s): Franke, Thomas (Bochum)
[German version] Wife of the emperor Carinus (end of the 3rd cent. AD) from Colonia Iulia Gemella Accitana in Hispania (CIL II 3394). She bore the titles of Augusta, mater castrorum and mater senatus ac patriae (CIL VIII 2384; XI 6957). PIR2 M 99. Franke, Thomas (Bochum) Bibliography H. Cohen, Description Historique des Monnaies frappées sous l'Empire Romain VI2, 1886, 405-408.

Paccia

(67 words)

Author(s): Franke, Thomas (Bochum)
[German version] P. Marciana was from Africa (Leptis Magna?); from c. AD 175 she was the first wife of  Septimius Severus (SHA Sept. Sev. 3,2) and died in about AD 185 ([1. nos. 410, 411]; CIL VIII 19494 = ILS 440). Franke, Thomas (Bochum) Bibliography 1 J.M. Reynolds (ed.), The Inscriptions of Roman Tripolitana, 1952. A.R. Birley, Septimius Severus, 21988, 52; 75; 225  PIR2 P 20  Raepsaet-Charlier, 590.

Cecropius

(43 words)

Author(s): Franke, Thomas (Bochum)
[German version] C. was the prefect of a cavalry division (the ala Dalmatorum) and participated in the conspiracy against emperor  Gallienus, whom he murdered in AD 268 near Milan (SHA Gall. 14,4; 7ff.; Zos. 1,40,2). PIR2 C 595. Franke, Thomas (Bochum)

Furia Sabinia Tranquillina

(56 words)

Author(s): Franke, Thomas (Bochum)
[German version] Daughter of C.F. Sabinius Aquila Timesitheus, from AD 241 wife of  Gordianus [3] III, who installed her as Augusta shortly before his Persian War (SHA Gord. 23,5-6; Eutr. 9,2,2; Zos. 1,17; Zon. 12, 18 p. 129 D.; CIL VI 2114; 130). Franke, Thomas (Bochum) Bibliography PIR2 F 587 Kienast, 21996, 197.

Iotapianus

(85 words)

Author(s): Franke, Thomas (Bochum)
[German version] I., who allegedly boasted of his descent from (Severus?) Alexander (Aur. Vict. Caes. 29,2), was proclaimed rival emperor to  Philippus Arabs in Cappadocia or Syria in AD 248/49 (Chron. min. 1, 521,38 Mommsen; Zos. 1,20,2; Aur. Vict. Caes. 29,2) and in September/October 249 he was killed by his soldiers (Zos. 1,21,2; RIC 4,3, 105). Franke, Thomas (Bochum) Bibliography PIR2 I 49 Kienast 2, 202 X. Loriot, Les premières années de la grande crise du IIIe siècle, in: ANRW II 2, 1975, 657-797, esp. 794.

Quartinus

(118 words)

Author(s): Franke, Thomas (Bochum)
[German version] Titus (?) Q. was a friend of the emperor Severus Alexander with consular rank. After the failed attempt at usurpation, directed against Maximinus [2] Thrax by Magnus [2] on the Rhine in AD 235, Q. was proclaimed rival emperor by eastern troops; however, only a little later he was murdered at the instigation of Macedo [2] (Hdn. 7,1,4-11; SHA Maximini duo 11,2; fictitious: SHA Tyr. Trig. 32). Franke, Thomas (Bochum) Bibliography Kienast 21996, 186 f.  X. Loriot, Les premières années de la grande crise du IIIe siècle: De l'avènement de Maximin le Thrace (235) à la mo…

Gordianus

(707 words)

Author(s): Franke, Thomas (Bochum)
[German version] [1] Imp. Caes. M. Antonius G. Sempronianus Romanus Africanus Aug. Augustus in Carthage AD 238 (G.I.), born in c. AD 159, the son of Maecius Marullus and Ulpia Gordiana (Hdn. 7,5,2; SHA Gord. 2,2; Zon. 12,17 p. 127 D.). After a successful cursus honorum (SHA Gord. 3,5-8; 4,1), he became suffect consul, probably under Elagabalus. In 216, he was governor in Britannia inferior (RIB 1, 1049), soon after in Achaea [2. 181ff.], perhaps also in Syria. In 237, he was allotted the proconsulate of the province of Africa [5; 6. 89f. N. 21]. In Thysdrus (modern El Djem, Tunesia…

Memor

(63 words)

Author(s): Franke, Thomas (Bochum)
[German version] M. was a Moor placed in charge of the grain supply in Egypt In the reign of Gallienus. Apparently he planned a coup. He was killed by soldiers on the orders of Theodotus ca. 262 AD, without having been proclaimed emperor (Zos. 1,38,1; Petrus Patricius, Excerpta de sententiis, p. 264 No. 160 Boissevain). PIR2 M 490. Franke, Thomas (Bochum)

Odaenathus

(426 words)

Author(s): Franke, Thomas (Bochum)
(Greek Ὀδαίναθος, Odaínathos). [German version] [1] Murderer of Septimius O. [2] O. murdered the ruler of Palmyra, Septimius O. [2], probably in the spring of AD 267, when the latter was travelling through Cappadocia to Heraclea [7] Pontica to expel the Goths from Asia Minor. O. himself was then killed by the guards of his victim (Sync. 717). However, this is contradicted by other sources that name a consobrinus,Maeonius (SHA Tyr. Trig. 15,5; 17,1), or the nephew of the Palmyrenian prince as the murderer (Zon. 12,24 D.). According to Zosimus (1,39,2), the deed w…

Simonius

(135 words)

Author(s): Franke, Thomas (Bochum)
[German version] D. S. Proculus Iulianus, senator, homo novus with a career under 7 emperors, probably from Italy, property in the Po Valley and a villa in Rome. S. was c. AD 234-235 iuridicus per Transpadum, in 236 governor of Thrace (IGR I 691-693), 237-238 legatus Augusti pro praetore provinciae Arabiae (CIL III 14149, 33; AE 1904, 67) and in 238 probably cos. suff. [1. 66; 2. 232]; governor, perhaps of Pannonia inferior c. 238/9-240, then of the Tres Daciae 241-243 (CIL III 1573; VI 1520 = ILS 1189; [3. 206 f.]); 244-245 leg. Aug. pro praetore provinciae Syriae Coeles (CIL VI 1520 =…

Laelianus

(128 words)

Author(s): Franke, Thomas (Bochum)
[German version] Imperator Caesar Ulp(ius) Cor(nelius) Laelianus (RIC V 2, 373 no. 8; [1. 66 no. 6]). Probably commander of the legio XXII Primigenia in Mogontiacum (Mainz) or governor of the province of Germania superior, rebelled early in AD 269 against Postumus and was proclaimed Augustus. Shortly afterwards Postumus defeated and killed him (Aur. Vict. Caes. 33,8; Eutr. 9,9; Iohannes Antiochenus fr. 152 FHG, here incorrectly ‘Lollianus’); according to another tradition (SHA Tyr. Trig. 4; 5; 6,3; 8,1), L. was murdered by Victorinus or by his own soldiers. Franke, Thomas (Bochum) Bib…

Regalianus

(157 words)

Author(s): Franke, Thomas (Bochum)
[German version] Imp. Caesar P. C[...] R. Augustus (RIC V/2, 586 f.; [1]). Governor in Illyricum, probably of Dacian descent. In AD 260, after the overthrow of Ingenuus [1] by Aureolus at Mursa, he was proclaimed anti-emperor to Gallienus by the Danube troops (SHA Tyr. Trig. 10,1; Ps.-Aur. Vict. Epit. Caes. 32,3; Aur. Vict. Caes. 33,2; Pol. Silv. Chronica minora 1,521,45). He fought the Sarmatae, who had already been threatening the lower Danube provinces for some time (SHA Tyr. Trig. 10,2). A sho…

Sempronia

(272 words)

Author(s): Franke, Thomas (Bochum)
[German version] [1] Daughter of Ti. Sempronius [I 15] Gracchus, 2nd cent. BC Daughter of Ti. Sempronius [I 15] Gracchus and Cornelia [I 1] (Plut., Ti. Gracchus 1,3), from 150 BC in a childless marriage with P. Cornelius [I 70] Scipio Aemilianus, for whose death in 129 BC she is supposed to have been partly to blame (App. B Civ. 1,20 (83); Liv. Per. 59). Despite the threatening demeanour of the people, in 102 or 101 BC she refused to acknowledge L. Equitius [1] as her nephew (Val. Max. 3,8,6). Franke, Thomas (Bochum) Bibliography R. A. Bauman, Women and Politics in Ancient Rome, 1994, 48-50. …

Opellius

(160 words)

Author(s): Franke, Thomas (Bochum)
[German version] [1] Emperor, 3rd cent. AD Imp. Caes. M.O. (Antoninus) Diadumenianus, son of the emperor M.O. Macrinus, born on 14 or 19 September 208 AD (Cass. Dio 78,34,2; SHA Diad. 5,5). At the beginning of 217 he was given the title of clarissimus puer (CIL XV 7505), shortly afterwards he was also princeps iuventutis and nobilissimus Caesar (Cass. Dio 78,17,1; 19,1; Herodian. 5,4,12; Aur. Vict. Caes. 22,1; AE 1953,54; 1954,8; 1960,36; RIC IV, 2,22). In May 218, after the beginning of the mutiny of troops in Raphanaea in Syria, Macrinus made him Au…

Hostilianus

(140 words)

Author(s): Franke, Thomas (Bochum)
[German version] C. Valens H. Messius Quintus was the younger son of emperor  Decius [II 1] and Herennia Etruscilla. In September AD 250, he was named Caesar and Princeps Iuventutis (AE 1942/43, 55; ILS 518) and, after the death of his father in June 251, adopted by  Trebonianus Gallus and raised to Augustus (Zos. 1,25,1; RIC 4,3, 143ff.), probably to distract from the complicity of Trebonianus in the deaths of his father and brother. Shortly after, he died in Rome of the plague (Aur. Vict. Caes. 30,1; [Aur. Vict.] epit. Ca…

Triginta tyranni

(249 words)

Author(s): Franke, Thomas (Bochum)
[German version] The fictitious author Trebellius Pollio uses the term triginta tyranni (TT) in the Historia Augusta to refer to 32 usurpers from all parts of the empire supposedly in the period of the emperors Valerianus [2] and Gallienus (253-268) in order to expose their rule as particularly week and bad. He increased the number that was first planned to be 20 (SHA Gall. 21,1) to 30 as an allusion to the Athenian Thirty Tyrants ( triákonta ) (SHA Trig. tyr. 2-31), among them esp. derisively (31,7) two women, Zenobia from Palmyra (30) and Victoria in…

Illyrian emperors

(156 words)

Author(s): Franke, Thomas (Bochum)
[German version] Term applied to a group of Roman rulers whose feature in common was the fact that they came from Illyrian territory, more broadly the area between the Adriatic and the lower Danube. The sequence already begins with  Decius [II 1] (AD 249-251) but essentially includes the emperors  Claudius [III 2] Gothicus,  Aurelianus [2],  Probus,  Diocletianus,  Maximianus, and  Constantinus [1] I. Even in antiquity these rulers were credited with having little education but they were acknowled…

Trebonianus Gallus

(248 words)

Author(s): Franke, Thomas (Bochum)
[German version] Imp. Caes. C. Vibius T. Gallus Augustus (CIL XI 1927), Roman emperor from June AD 251 to August (?) AD 253. Born about 206 in Perusia, from a noble family (Aur. Vict. Epit. Caes. 31,1), Senator, cos. suff. c. AD 245 (Dexippus FGrH 100 F 22), governor of the province of Moesia inferior AD 250/1 [1. 103 f.]. At Novae[1], he successfully opposed the Goths (Goti) under their king Kniva (Iord. Get. 101 f.). Emperor Decius [II 1] escaped to him after being defeated by the Goths at Beroea[2]. Together they intended to cut off the Germans'…

Pertinax

(793 words)

Author(s): Franke, Thomas (Bochum)
[German version] P. Helvius P., Roman Emperor 31 Dec. 192-28 Mar. 193. Born 1 Aug. AD 126 in Alba Pompeia in Liguria (SHA Pert. 1,2; 15,6; Cass. Dio 73,3,1), son of a freedman. After being educated as a grammaticus , he applied for a position as centurio with the assistance of L. Hedius Lollianus [4] Avitus (SHA Pert. 1,5; (Ps.-)Aur. Vict. Epit. Caes. 18). He received the rank of an eques ( equites Romani D) with the support of Claudius [II 54] Pompeianus, which allowed him to pursue an equestrian career. Around AD 160, still in the reign of Antoninus [1] Pius, he served as praefectus cohortis …

Macrinus

(520 words)

Author(s): Franke, Thomas (Bochum)
[German version] Imperator Caesar M. Opellius Severus M. Augustus. Roman Emperor AD 217-218. Born in 164 (Cass. Dio 78,40,3) or 166 (Chron. pasch. I p. 498 D.) in Caesarea Mauretania, of humble origins (Cass. Dio 78,11,1; SHA Opilius Macrinus (= Macr.) 2,1). M. initially worked as a lawyer, then as procurator of the praef. praet. Fulvius [II 10] Plautianus, whose deposal he survived unharmed thanks to the intervention of L. Fabius [II 6] Cilo (Cass. Dio 78,11,2). Septimius Severus appointed him praefectus vehiculorum per Flaminiam (Cass. Dio 78,11,3), and in c. 208 keeper of the impe…

Quietus

(113 words)

Author(s): Franke, Thomas (Bochum)
[German version] Imperator Caesar T. Fulvius Iunius Q. Pius Felix Augustus, younger son of Fulvius Macrianus [2], who served as a military tribune under Valerianus [2] (SHA Trig. Tyr. 12,10; Zon. 12,24 D.). Elevated together with his brother to Augustus by his father before 17 September, AD 260 (RIC 5,2,582 f.; SHA Gall. 1,3-5; SHA Tyr. Trig. 12,10-12), he stayed behind in the east with the praetorian prefect Ballista. After the defeat of his father and brother by Aureolus in Illyria, Q. was also captured in Emesa by its inhabitants in the autumn of AD 261 and killed there. Franke, Thomas (Bo…

Maeonius

(44 words)

Author(s): Franke, Thomas (Bochum)
[German version] Murdered the Palmyrene prince Odaenathus and his eldest son Herod in Emesa in AD 266/7 (SHA Tyr. Trig. 15,5; 17,1; SHA Gall. 13,1; different in Sync. I p. 717; Zon. 12,24 D.; Zos. 1,39,2). PIR2 M 71. Franke, Thomas (Bochum)

Salonina

(78 words)

Author(s): Franke, Thomas (Bochum)
[German version] Iulia Cornelia S., wife of the emperor Gallienus, elevated to Augusta and mater castrorum in AD 254 (IGR 3, 237; AE 1982, 272; RIC V 1, 63; 105; 107-115; 191-200), perished together with her husband in AD 268 outside of Mediolanum [1] (Zon. 12,25). Her three sons were P. Licinius Cornelius Valerianus, P. Licinius [II 6] Cornelius Saloninus Valerianus and Marinianus [3]. Franke, Thomas (Bochum) Bibliography Kienast 2, 222 f.  PIR2 C 1499  PLRE 1, 799.

Tigidius

(223 words)

Author(s): Franke, Thomas (Bochum)
[German version] A powerful praefectus praetorio under the emperor Commodus. Sex.(?) T. Perennis had probably already reached the high rank of praefectus [4] annonae under Marcus [2] Aurelius (his name erased in the Tabula Banasitana ; AE 1971, 534) and was then appointed praefectus praetorio by Commodus along with Tarrutenius Paternus (SHA Comm. 4,7; 14,8; inaccurate in Hdn. 1,8,1); he and the latter disposed of Saoterus, Commodus' influential chamberlain (SHA Comm. 4,5). Shortly afterwards, T. brought about the execution of Paternus (Ca…

Geta

(483 words)

Author(s): Franke, Thomas (Bochum)
[German version] [1] see Hosidius, Lusius, Septimius, Vitorius see  Hosidius, Lusius, Septimius, Vitorius Franke, Thomas (Bochum) [German version] [2] Imp. Caesar P. Septimius Geta Augustus Son of the emperor Septimius Severus, brother of Caracalla Born in March AD 189 in Rome, the son of L.  Septimius Severus and  Iulia Domna, younger brother of  Caracalla (Cass. Dio 57,2,5; SHA Sept. Sev. 4,2; Get. 3,1 [27 May 189]; [2. 522ff.]). In 197 he went with his father, together with his mother and brother, to the ‘Second Parthian War’…

Paccia

(66 words)

Author(s): Franke, Thomas (Bochum)
[English version] P. Marciana stammte aus Africa (Leptis Magna?); sie war seit ca. 175 n.Chr. die erste Frau des Septimius Severus (SHA Sept. Sev. 3,2) und starb um 185 n.Chr. ([1. Nr. 410, 411]; CIL VIII 19494 = ILS 440). Franke, Thomas (Bochum) Bibliography 1 J.M. Reynolds (ed.), The Inscriptions of Roman Tripolitana, 1952. A.R. Birley, Septimius Severus, 21988, 52; 75; 225  PIR2 P 20  Raepsaet-Charlier, 590.

Macrinus

(469 words)

Author(s): Franke, Thomas (Bochum)
[English version] Imperator Caesar M. Opellius Severus M. Augustus. Römischer Kaiser 217-218 n.Chr. Geb. 164 (Cass. Dio 78,40,3) oder 166 n.Chr. (Chr. Pasch. I p. 498 D.) in Caesarea Mauretania, von niederer Herkunft (Cass. Dio 78,11,1; SHA Opilius Macrinus (= Macr.) 2,1). M. war zunächst als Anwalt tätig, dann Procurator des praef. praet. Fulvius [II 10] Plautianus, dessen Sturz er dank der Intervention des L. Fabius [II 6] Cilo schadlos überstand (Cass. Dio 78,11,2). Septimius Severus ernannte ihn zum praefectus vehiculorum per Flaminiam (Cass. Dio 78,11,3) und ca. 208 …

Geta

(429 words)

Author(s): Franke, Thomas (Bochum)
[English version] [1] s. Hosidius; Lusius; Septimius; Vitorius s. Hosidius, Lusius, Septimius, Vitorius Franke, Thomas (Bochum) [English version] [2] Imp. Caesar P. Septimius Geta Augustus Sohn des Kaisers Septimius Severus, Bruder des Caracalla Geb. im März 189 n.Chr. in Rom als Sohn des L. Septimius Severus und der Iulia Domna, jüngerer Bruder des Caracalla (Cass. Dio 57,2,5; SHA Sept. Sev. 4,2; Get. 3,1 [27. Mai 189]; [2. 522ff.]). 197 begleitete er den Vater zusammen mit Mutter und Bruder beim “zweiten Partherkrieg” (AE 194…

Gordianus

(657 words)

Author(s): Franke, Thomas (Bochum)
[English version] [1] Imp. Caes. M. Antonius G. Sempronianus Romanus Africanus Aug. Augustus in Karthago 238 n. Chr. (G.I.), geb. um 159 n.Chr. als Sohn des Maecius Marullus und der Ulpia Gordiana (Herodian. 7,5,2; SHA Gord. 2,2; Zon. 12,17 p. 127 D.). Nach einem erfolgreichen cursus honorum (SHA Gord. 3,5-8; 4,1), gelangte er - wohl unter Elagabal - zum Suffektkonsulat. 216 war er Statthalter in Britannia inferior (RIB 1, 1049), kurz darauf in Achaia [2. 181ff.], vielleicht auch in Syria. 237 fiel ihm per Los das Prokonsulat der Provinz Africa zu [5; 6. 89f. …

Heraclitus

(201 words)

Author(s): Franke, Thomas (Bochum)
[English version] [1] Röm. Militärführer für Britannien, 193/4 n. Chr. Septimius Severus beauftragte H. 193/4 n.Chr. damit, ihm die Herrschaft über Britannien zu sichern (SHA Sept. Sev. 6,10; SHA Pescennius 5,2 wird fälschlich Bithynia genannt) und möglicherweise dem Clodius Albinus den Caesar-Titel anzubieten. (Cass. Dio 73,15,1; Herodian. 2,15,4). Vielleicht ist er identisch mit dem legatus der legio VI Ferrata H. aus dem Jahre 196 (PIR2 H 89; IGR 3,1107) bzw. mit H. [2] (PIR2 H 88). Franke, Thomas (Bochum) [English version] [2] procurator 201 n. Chr. Bekleidete 201 n.Chr. das …

Pertinax

(740 words)

Author(s): Franke, Thomas (Bochum)
[English version] P. Helvius P., röm. Kaiser 31.12.192-28.3. 193. Geb. am 1.8.126 n.Chr. im ligurischen Alba Pompeia (SHA Pert. 1,2; 15,6; Cass. Dio 73,3,1), Sohn eines Freigelassenen. Zunächst zum grammaticus ausgebildet, bewarb er sich mit Hilfe des L. Hedius Lollianus [4] Avitus um eine Centurionenstelle (SHA Pert. 1,5; (Ps.-)Aur. Vict. epit. Caes. 18). Mit Unterstützung des Claudius [II 54] Pompeianus erhielt er den Rang eines eques ( equites Romani D.), der ihm die ritterliche Laufbahn ermöglichte. Um 160 n.Chr., noch unter Antoninus [1] Pius, diente er als praefectus coho…

Laelianus

(123 words)

Author(s): Franke, Thomas (Bochum)
[English version] Imperator Caesar Ulp(ius) Cor(nelius) Laelianus (RIC V 2, 373 Nr. 8; [1. 66 Nr. 6]). Wohl Kommandeur der legio XXII Primigenia in Mogontiacum (Mainz) oder Statthalter der Prov. Germania superior, rebellierte Anf. 269 n.Chr. gegen Postumus und wurde zum Augustus erhoben. Postumus besiegte und tötete L. kurz darauf (Aur. Vict. Caes. 33,8; Eutr. 9,9; Iohannes Antiochenus fr. 152 FHG, hier fälschlich “Lollianus”); nach anderer Trad. (SHA trig. tyr. 4; 5; 6,3; 8,1) soll L. erst von Victorinus oder seinen eigenen Soldaten ermordet worden sein. Franke, Thomas (Bochu…

Magnia Urbica

(58 words)

Author(s): Franke, Thomas (Bochum)
[English version] Gattin des Kaisers Carinus (E. 3. Jh.n.Chr.) aus der Colonia Iulia Gemella Accitana in Hispania (CIL II 3394). Sie führte die Titel Augusta, mater castrorum und mater senatus ac patriae (CIL VIII 2384; XI 6957). PIR2 M 99. Franke, Thomas (Bochum) Bibliography H. Cohen, Description Historique des Monnaies frappées sous l'Empire Romain VI2, 1886, 405-408.

Regalianus

(152 words)

Author(s): Franke, Thomas (Bochum)
[English version] Imp. Caesar P. C[...] R. Augustus (RIC V/2, 586 f.; [1]). Statthalter im Illyricum, wahrscheinlich dakischer Abstammung, wurde im J. 260 n. Chr. nach der Niederwerfung des Ingenuus [1] bei Mursa durch Aureolus von den Donautruppen zum Gegenkaiser des Gallienus ausgerufen (SHA trig. tyr. 10,1; Ps.-Aur. Vict. epit. Caes. 32,3; Aur. Vict. Caes. 33,2; Pol. Silv. chronica minora 1,521,45). Er kämpfte gegen die Sarmaten (Sarmatai), die bereits seit einiger Zeit die unteren Donauprovinz…

Felicissimus

(89 words)

Author(s): Franke, Thomas (Bochum)
[English version] Leiter des Fiskus unter Aurelianus [3] (SHA Aurelian. 38,3), stiftete 271 oder 274 n.Chr. die Arbeiter zur Münzfälschung an. Als dies bekannt wurde, organisierte er einen Aufstand auf dem mons Caelius, den die kaiserlichen Truppen nur unter großen Verlusten niederschlagen konnten. F. fand dabei den Tod (Eutr. 9,14; Aur. Vict. Caes. 35,6; [Aur. Vict.] epit. Caes. 35,4; Suda s.v. μονιτάριοι). Polemius Silvius (Chron. min. 1, 521f. Mommsen) zählt ihn zu den Usurpatoren. Franke, Thomas (Bochum) Bibliography PIR2 F 140 PLRE 1, 331f. 1 Kienast, 21996, 238.

Illyrische Kaiser

(142 words)

Author(s): Franke, Thomas (Bochum)
[English version] Als I.K. wird eine Gruppe von röm. Herrschern bezeichnet, deren gemeinsames Merkmal ihre Herkunft aus dem illyrischen Raum, im weiteren Sinne das Gebiet zwischen der Adria und der unteren Donau, ist. Die Reihe beginnt bereits mit Decius [II 1] (249-251 n.Chr.), umfaßt aber im wesentlichen die Kaiser Claudius [III 2] Gothicus, Aurelianus [2], Probus, Diocletianus, Maximianus und Constantinus [1] I. Diesen Herrschern schrieb man bereits in der Ant. wenig Bildung, andererseits aber …

Hostilianus

(138 words)

Author(s): Franke, Thomas (Bochum)
[English version] C. Valens H. Messius Quintus war der jüngere Sohn des Kaisers Decius [II 1] und der Herennia Etruscilla. Im Sept. 250 n.Chr. wurde er zum Caesar und princeps iuventutis ernannt (AE 1942/43, 55; ILS 518) und nach dem Tod seines Vaters im Juni 251 von Trebonianus Gallus adoptiert und zum Augustus erhoben (Zos. 1,25,1; RIC 4,3, 143ff.), wohl um von der Mitschuld des Trebonianus am Tode seines Vaters und Bruders abzulenken. Er starb kurz darauf in Rom an der Pest (Aur. Vict. Caes. 30,1; [Aur. Vict.] epit. Caes…

Odaenathus

(393 words)

Author(s): Franke, Thomas (Bochum)
(griech. Ὀδαίναθος, Odaínathos). [English version] [1] Mörder des Septimius O. [2] Ermordete - wohl im Frühjahr 267 n.Chr. - den Herrscher von Palmyra, Septimius O. [2], als dieser durch Kappadokien nach Herakleia [7] Pontika zog, um die Goten aus Kleinasien zu vertreiben. Er selbst wurde daraufhin von der Garde des Ermordeten getötet (Synk. 717). Dies steht jedoch im Widerspruch zu anderen Quellen, die einen consobrinus Maeonius (SHA trig. tyr. 15,5; 17,1) bzw. den Neffen des palmyren. Fürsten als Mörder nennen (Zon. 12,24 D.). Nach Zo…

Opellius

(151 words)

Author(s): Franke, Thomas (Bochum)
[English version] [1] Kaiser, 3. Jh. n.Chr. Imp. Caes. M.O. (Antoninus) Diadumenianus, Sohn des Kaisers M.O. Macrinus, geb. am 14. oder 19. Sept. 208 n.Chr. (Cass. Dio 78,34,2; SHA Diad. 5,5). Anfang 217 erhielt er den Titel clarissimus puer (CIL XV 7505), kurz danach war er auch princeps iuventutis und nobilissimus Caesar (Cass. Dio 78,17,1; 19,1; Herodian. 5,4,12; Aur. Vict. Caes. 22,1; AE 1953,54; 1954,8; 1960,36; RIC IV, 2,22). Im Mai 218 nach dem Beginn der Truppenmeuterei in Raphanaea in Syrien verlieh ihm Macrinus die Augustuswürde (Cass.…

Salonina

(76 words)

Author(s): Franke, Thomas (Bochum)
[English version] Iulia Cornelia S., Gattin des Kaisers Gallienus, 254 n. Chr. zur Augusta und mater castrorum erhoben (IGR 3, 237; AE 1982, 272; RIC V 1, 63; 105; 107-115; 191-200), zusammen mit ihrem Mann 268 n. Chr. vor Mediolanum [1] umgekommen (Zon. 12,25). Ihre drei Söhne waren P. Licinius Cornelius Valerianus, P. Licinius [II 6] Cornelius Saloninus Valerianus und Marinianus [3]. Franke, Thomas (Bochum) Bibliography Kienast 2, 222 f.  PIR2 C 1499  PLRE 1, 799.

Quartinus

(109 words)

Author(s): Franke, Thomas (Bochum)
[English version] Titus (?) Q. war ein Freund des Kaisers Severus Alexander mit consularischem Rang. Nach dem gescheiterten, gegen Maximinus [2] Thrax gerichteten Usurpationsversuch des Magnus [2] 235 n. Chr. am Rhein wurde Q. von östl. Truppenteilen zum Gegenkaiser erhoben, wenig später aber auf Betreiben von Macedo [2] ermordet (Herodian. 7,1,4-11; SHA Maximini duo 11,2; fiktiv: SHA trig. tyr. 32). Franke, Thomas (Bochum) Bibliography Kienast 21996, 186 f.  X. Loriot, Les premières années de la grande crise du IIIe siècle: De l'avènement de Maximin le Thrace (235) à la …

Gallienus

(833 words)

Author(s): Franke, Thomas (Bochum)
[English version] Imp. Caes. P. Licinius Egnatius G. Augustus, geboren um 218 n.Chr. bei Mailand ([Aur. Vict.] epit. Caes. 33,3), Sohn des späteren Kaisers P. Licinius Valerianus und der Egnatia Mariniana. Valerianus, der sich im Sept./Okt. 253 selbst zum Kaiser ausrufen ließ, ernannte G. sofort zum Caesar, dann zum Augustus und ließ sich dies mit einer territorialen Aufgabenteilung vom Senat bestätigen: Valerian ging in den Osten, um der Persergefahr zu begegnen, G. in den Westen, um die Donau- u…

Memor

(58 words)

Author(s): Franke, Thomas (Bochum)
[English version] Der Maure M. war unter Gallienus mit der Getreidebeschaffung in Äg. beauftragt und plante offenbar einen Umsturz. Auf Befehl des Theodotus wurde er um 262 n.Chr. von den Soldaten getötet, ohne zum Imperator ausgerufen worden zu sein (Zos. 1,38,1; Petros Patrikios, Excerpta de sententiis, p. 264 Nr. 160 Boissevain). PIR2 M 490. Franke, Thomas (Bochum)

Maeonius

(42 words)

Author(s): Franke, Thomas (Bochum)
[English version] Ermordete 266/7 n.Chr. den palmyrenischen Fürsten Odaenathus und dessen ältesten Sohn Herodes in Emesa (SHA trig. tyr. 15,5; 17,1; SHA Gall. 13,1; anders Synk. I p. 717; Zon. 12,24 D.; Zos. 1,39,2). PIR2 M 71. Franke, Thomas (Bochum)

Furia Sabinia Tranquillina

(52 words)

Author(s): Franke, Thomas (Bochum)
[English version] Tochter des C.F. Sabinius Aquila Timesitheus, Gattin Gordians [3] III. seit 241 n.Chr.; Erhebung zur Augusta kurz vor dessen Perserkrieg (SHA Gord. 23,5-6; Eutr. 9,2,2; Zos. 1,17; Zon. 12, 18 p. 129 D.; CIL VI 2114; 130). Franke, Thomas (Bochum) Bibliography PIR2 F 587 Kienast, 21996, 197.

Iotapianus

(85 words)

Author(s): Franke, Thomas (Bochum)
[English version] I., der sich der Abstammung von (Severus?) Alexander gerühmt haben soll (Aur. Vict. Caes. 29,2), ist 248/49 n.Chr. in Kappadokien oder Syrien (Chron. min. 1, 521,38 Mommsen; Zos. 1,20,2; Aur. Vict. Caes. 29,2) zum Gegenkaiser des Philippus Arabs erhoben und im Sept./Okt. 249 von den Soldaten getötet worden (Zos. 1,21,2; RIC 4,3, 105). Franke, Thomas (Bochum) Bibliography PIR2 I 49  Kienast 2, 202  X. Loriot, Les premières années de la grande crise du IIIe siècle, in: ANRW II 2, 1975, 657-797, bes. 794.
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