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[German Version] I. Art In 1886 the writer Jean Moréas published a Symbolist manifesto, the stated aim of which was not to express artistic ideas directly but to represent them by defamiliarization. This manifesto also profoundly influenced th…

[German Version] …

[German Version] I. Religious Studies Use of the Greek word σύμβολον/ sýmbolon in a sense relevant to religious studies is attested quite early in the history of European religions; Dio of Prusa (1st/2nd cent. ce), for example, used it in his speech on Phidias’s statue of Zeus in Olympia ( Oratio 12.59). In this context, the Greek term reflects the problem posed by images of the gods: what is intrinsically inaccessible to human vision (Vision/Intuition) is somehow to be represented visually. …

[German Version] (Sep 5, 1774, Greifswald – May 7, 1840, Dresden) is considered the most prominent painter of German Romanticism. After his education in Copenhagen, Friedrich settled in Dresden in 1798, where P.O. Runge introduced him to Johann Ludwig Tieck in 1802 and where he came into contact with early Romantic ideas. This made a deep impression on him, as did his contact with F.D.E. Schleiermacher, which came about through the mediation of Georg Andreas Reimer and the pastors in Rügen. Schlei…

[German Version] I. Philosophy The expression the sublime (Ger. das Erhabene) refers to our experience of objects that …

[German Version] I. Literary Criticism – II. Philosophy – III. Philosophy of Religion – IV. Fundamental Theology – V. History of Art I. Literary Criticism Metaphor (Gk μεταφορά/ metaphorá, “transfer,” from μεταφέρω/ metaphérō, “to transfer”) is a figure of speech in which, by means of a lingui…