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[German Version] appointed bishop of Capua in 541 (died 554), he is noteworthy for his edition of the New Testament, finished in 547, contained in Codex Bonifatianus 1 in the state library in Fulda (on its contents and origin see Fischer). For the Gospels, it is fairly safe to say that Victor himself revised an Old Latin version of Tatian’s Diatessaron to conform to the Vulgate text. He relied on other prototypes f…

[German Version] (c. 320–393, bishop of Elvira, near Granada, Spain) was known as a strict anti-Arian (Arius) and had connections with Lucifer of Cagliari. Eusebius of Vercelli sent a letter to him. Nothing is known of his life (cf. Jer. Vir.ill. 105). Gregory's works are almost all transmitted under other names. Apart from De fide, they are allegorical interpretations of OT texts, except for Tractate 12 on Acts 1–2. Gregory utilized Tertullian, Novatian, Hilary of Poitiers, Hippolytus and Origen as cited by Victorinus of Pettau. The ancient version employed by Gregory is important for research o…

[German Version] (born c. 283 in Sardinia – died 371) was a lector in Rome and, from 344, bishop of Vercelli. Together with Lucifer of Cagliari, and following a request by Pope Liberius, he militated against Arianism (Arius/Arianism) and opposed the condemnation of Athanasius in the Synod of Milan (355). Constantius II banished him for this (Palestine, Cappadocia, Thebais); in 361, Julian the Apostate revoked the banishment, and Eusebius returned to his diocese in 363. He introduced a monastic lifestyle for his clergy and fought against homoean theology in Italian congregations. Three of his letters are preserved: 1. to Constantius II; 2. to his congregation from the exile; 3. to Gregory of Elvira. Their authenticity has been questioned. The translation of the Eusebian Psalms commentary is lost; Ps.-Vigilius of …

[German Version] Under this title two texts were handed down together: the Historia Lausiaca of Palladius of Helenopolis and the anonymous Historia monachorum (in Latin, usually Vita sanctorum patrum). The Historia monachorum arose in the heyday of Egyptian monasticism (c. 394). The probably fictitious travel journal describes the visit of monks from the Mount of Olives monastery in Jerusalem with Egyptian desert fathers. The Historia monachorum describes their various lifestyles, without a discernible preference for one particular ascetic direction. The Gree…

[German Version] I. Translations into Ancient Languages – II. Christian Translations into European Languages since the Middle Ages– III. Translations into Non-European Languages in Modern Times I. Translations into Ancient Languages 1. Translations of the Old Testament into Greek …

[German Version] (Rufinus of Aquileia; 345 Concordia – 411/412 Messina), Latin writer and translator of theology. Like Jerome he received his education in Rome (359–368); also like Jerome, he was enthusiastic about the asceticism then flourishing in the West. After his baptism in Aquilieia in 370, he traveled to the East (Alexandria, Egypt, and Palestine) to study Eastern theology and visit the monks of Egypt; in 380 he founded a monastery on the Mount of Olives in Jerusalem. During the first Orig…

[English Version] von Aquileia (345 Concordia – 411/12 Messina), lat. theol. Schriftsteller und Übersetzer. Wie Hieronymus erlangte er seine Bildung in Rom (359–368), wie dieser begeisterte er sich für…

[English Version] Victor, Bf. von Capua 541 (gest.554), erlangte Bedeutung durch seine 547 abgeschlossene Ausg. des NT, erhalten im Codex Bonifatianus 1, Landesbibliothek Fulda (zu Inhalt und Entstehung vgl. Fischer). Für die Evv. hat mit ziemlicher Sicherheit V. selbst eine Vetus Latina-Version von Tatians Diatessaron in Vulgatatext umgeformt. Die anderen Teile des NT, darunter den Laodicenerbrief, entnahm V. anderen Vorlagen. Die Hs. war im Besitz des Bonifatius. Die Evangelienharmonie wurde häufig…