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[German version] [1] From Alexandria, consularis Palaestinae c. 352/3 AD C. of Alexandria was the consularis Palaestinae (Lib. Ep. 693) in c. AD 352/3. In the winter of 353/4 he became the victim of an intrigue in Antioch [1] and was executed without trial (Amm. Marc. 14,1,3). PLRE 1,213 (Clematius 1). Portmann, Werner (Berlin) [German version] [2] Consularis Palaestinae 357-358 AD C. held a high office in Antioch [1] at the time of the caesar Gallus ( Consta…

[German version] [1] AD 350 possibly magister militum of the usurper Magnentius In AD 350, possibly as magister militum of the usurper Magnentius, he pursued the fleeing emperor Constans, and killed him during his arrest in the Pyrenean town of Helena ([Aur. Vict.] Epit. Caes. 41,23; Zos. 2,42,5). In 351, he was consul together with Magnentius (Chron. min. 1, 69 Mommsen). PLRE 1, 380. …

[German version] [1] Official, 4th cent. AD Hailing from Cilicia, C. was educated in Antioch (Lib. Ep. 1399). He was a brother of  Alypius (Jul. Ep. 9-10). In AD 362-363, he was possibly vicarius Asiae (Lib. Ep. 764; 1384). After the death of  Iulianus, he became comes rerum privatarum (Cod. Theod. 10,1,8) and gained great influence at the court of Valens (Lib. Ep. 1449; 1456). As praef. urbis Constantinopolitanae, C. was taken prisoner by the usurper Procopius in 365 (Amm. Marc. 26,7,4; Zos. 4,6,2) and possibly executed (Them. Or.7,92c). He was the recipi…

[German version] High-ranking military officer under Constantius [2] II. He was magister equitum in the East from AD 3…

[German version] [1] Senior officer, 2nd half of the 4th cent. A senior officer during the 2nd half of the 4th cent. AD. From 356 to 358 as dux Aegypti he was ordered to proceed against the followers of Athanasius (Athan. Hist. Ar. 59-63; 72; cf. Lib. Ep. 318; 520). On 24 December358 he drove them from the churches (Historia acephala 2,4). From 363 to 378 he was comes rei militaris, in 363 took part in the Persian campaign of Iulianus [11] Apostata (Amm. Marc. 23,3,5), and in 368 in the operation of Valentinianus I against the Alamanni (Amm. Marc. 27,10,6). After …

[German version] I. Greek (Μαρκέλλος; Markéllos). [German version] [I 1] From Pergamum, orator, 2nd cent. AD, [1] Rhetor from Pergamum known solely from a brief reference in the Suda; he is said to have written a book (or several books) entitled Ἀδριανὸς ἢ περὶ βασιλείας/ Adrianòs ḕ perì basileías (‘Hadrian, or On Monarchy’). He would thus have lived in the first half of the 2nd cent.; whether Dio's [I 3] speeches …

[German version] [1] Flavius F. Praefectus praetorio Galliarum AD 357-360 Was praefectus praetorio Galliarum from AD 357 to 360. At his instigation, Constantius [2] II had his auxiliary troops withdrawn from Gaul, which resulted in Julian's elevation (Julian. Ep. 282c; Amm. Marc. 20,4,2). In 360 Constantius appointed him …

[German version] I Gre…

[German version] [1] Neoplatonist from Cappadocia Neoplatonist from Cappadocia († …

[German version] [1] C. Commodus, L. Cos. ord. 78 AD A native of Etruria; senator from the time of Nero; cos. ord. 78; governor of Syria from AD 78/79; married to Appia Severa (PIR2 C 603) [1. I 308; 2. 45 A. 22]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] C. Commodus, L. Cos. ord. 106 AD Son of [1]. Cos. ord. AD 106 (PIR2 C 604). Married to one Plautia, their son being C. [3]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [3] C. Commodus, L. = Aelius Caesar, L. Cos. ord. 136 AD Son of [2]. His maternal half-brother was M. Vettulenus Civica Barbarus [3. 845]. Born on 13 January in about AD 103; of his pre-consular career only his praetorship is known (for the year [4. 246]). Cos. ord. 136. Adopted by Hadrian after 19 June 136. From then on he bore the name L. Aelius Caesar. He received the tribunicia potestas, perhaps from 10 December 136 (no recurrence is attested), and an imperium p…

[German version] [1] Wife of Constantius II from Thessalonica; perhaps the daughter of Eusebius [1]. From about AD 352 she was the second wife of Constantius II (Julian Or. 3,109a-b, 110d). She was held to be unusually beautiful (…

[German version] King of the Alamanni, who, together with other Alamannic kings, was defeated by Julian's army at Strasbourg in AD 357 (Amm. Marc. 16,12,1). He surrendered in 358 (Amm. Marc. 17,10,5-9) and strove after a peaceful agreement both with the Romans and with the neighbouring Germanic tribes (Amm. Marc. 18,2,2; 13f.). PLRE 1, 444 (H.1). …

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[German version] Prince (according to Rufin. Hist. 1,10: King) of the Iberi to the north of Armenia. He entered into office in the service of the Romans as a protector possibly as early as 378-369 and fought as the tribunus of one of the two scholae palatinae at Adrianopolis (Amm. Marc. 31,12,16). B. became dux Palaestinae and la…

[German version] [1] Roman emperor, born AD 51…

[German version] From Siscia, as quaestor sacri palatii ( Quaestor III.), in AD 364 he helped supporters of Iulianus [11] who were accused of practicing magic (Amm. Marc. 26,4,4). Between 365 and 367 as praefectus urbis Romae, he tried, in vain, to end the…

[German version] [1-2] See Ap(p)uleius [I 10-11]. Franke, Thomas (Bochum) [German version] [3] Emperor for a short time, 3rd cent. Was elevated to emperor by the army at the time of Gallienus, but killed by the soldiers a short time afterwards because of his severity (SHA Tyr. Trig. 23; cf. SHA Firmus 11,1; SHA Gall. 9,1). Franke, Thomas (Bochum) Bibliography Kienast 2, 230  PLRE 1, 805 no. 1.…

[German version] [1] M. Daia Roman emperor, AD 305-313 Roman emperor, AD 305-313. The son of Galerius' [5] sister and like Galerius born in Dacia ripensis, possibly in Šarkamen (modern Serbia), he rose from protector to tribunus (Lactant. De mort. pers. 19,6); as Galerius' adoptive son he …

(Γαυδέντιος; Gaudéntios). [German version] [1] G. Philosophus Musician and philosopher Author of an introduction to harmony, Ἁρμονικὴ εἰσαγωγή ( Harmonikḕ eisagōgḗ) ─ probably written in line with Claudius Ptolemy's ─ translated into Latin by Cassiodorus' friend Mutianus (Cassiod. Inst. 2,5,142 Mynors). The incompletely preserved work (in 23 chapters) contains traditional teachings in a slightly modified form, especially from Aristoxenus and the Pythagoreans: voice, sound, interval, modes, composition (1-7), unison…

[German version]  Alemannic (Amm. Marc. 14,10,8), tribunus stabuli AD 354 (Amm. Marc. loc. cit). His extraordinary promotion from tribunus of a schola palatina in 360 to magister peditum praesentalis (Amm. Marc. 14,10,8; 20,2,5) was due to the high regard in which he was held by Constantius II. After he was deployed in 360/361 on the Tigris against the Pers…

Roman cognomen, which originally designated bodily size or birth order (‘the Elder’), as in the Republican period in the case of Sp. Postumius Albinus M. ( cos. 148 BC) and T. Roscius M. (Cic. Rosc. Am. 17) [1. 275; 3. 47]. As an assumption of the epithet of Alexander [4] ‘the Great’ (ὁ μέγας/ …

[German version] …

[German version] [1] M. Aurelius N. Author of bucolic writings, before AD 284? As the name Carthagin(i)ensis appended in some MSS indicates, N. came from Africa. He wrote four bucolic poems ( Bucolica, Buc.) and a didactic poem about hunting ( Cynegetica, Cyn.), of which verses 1-325 are extant. The dedication of the Cyn. to the emperors Carinus and Numerianus [2] enables dating to shortly before AD 284. Whether N. also wrote Halieutica and Nautica, as maintained by SHA Car. 11,2, is doubtful, as is t…

Roman cognomen (‘The Fortunate One’), in the Republican period initially an epithet of the dictator L. Cornelius [I 90] Sulla and his descendants (Cornelius [II 59-61]); in the Imperial period, as a name invoking luck, one of the most common cognomina and the most common slave name. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] Gem-cutter of the Roman Republican period Gem-cutter of the Roman Republican period, probably a c…

Epithet of many gentilicia [1]. Famous persons: the jurist Salvius I. [1]; the doctor I. [2]; the emperor I. [11], called ‘Apostata’; the bishops I. [16] of Aeclanum and I. [21] of Toledo. [German version] [1] L. Octavius Cornelius P. Salvius I. Aemilianus Roman jurist, 2nd cent. AD Jurist, born about AD 100 in North Africa, died about AD 170; he was a student of  Iavolenus [2] Priscus (Dig. 40,2,5) and the last head of the Sabinian law school (Dig. 1,2,2,53). I., whose succession of offices is preserved in the inscription from Pupput, provi…

(Βασιλεῖος; Basileîos). [German version] [1] Basil the Great Theologian and bishop of Caesarea/Cappadocia. Markschies, Christoph (Berlin)…

[German version] Comes sacrarum largitionum 355-361, an important aide to the emperor Julianus [11] in his financial distress (Amm. 22,3,7). With Constantius [2] II he visited the ruins of  Amida in 360 AD and levelled criticism at the soldiers' lack of courage (Amm. 20,11,5). Perhaps because of that he was condemned to death by military officers in the court of Chalcedon which Julianus had commissioned after the death of Consta…

[German version] Son of the praefectus praetorio Galliarum Maximinus [3], through whose influence he was appointed dux Valeriae c. AD 373. He promoted the construction of a fortification ordered by Valentinianus I on the territory of the Quadi. He had their king Gabinius [II 5] treacherously murdered in 374 AD (Amm. Marc. 29,6,3-5; in Zos. 4,16,4 he is called Celestius). PLRE 1, 543f. no. 2 and 190 (Celestius). Portmann, Werner (Berlin)

[German version] [1] Senator in the time of Vespasian Senator attested in a fragmentary inscription from Arretium, CIL XI 1834 = ILS 1000. According to [1] based on AE 1967, 355, the name should be C. Petillius Q. f. Pom. Firmus. As tribunus of legio IV Flavia he took p…

('winner, victor(ious)'). [German version] [1] Roman cognomen Roman cognomen, only attested from the mid-1st cent. BC (Cic. Att. 14,14,2), but from then one of the commonest bynames, and a name of choice. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 57; 72; 89; 96; 98; 278 H. Solin, Die stadtrömische Sklavennamen, 1996, 100 f. [German version] [2] Roman epithet for gods (Roman epithet for gods), see Hercules; Iuppiter; Mars; Tibur.…

[German version] [1] Praef. urbi 304-5, 312-13 AD Q. (?). Member of the African family of the Aradii Rufini, which had arisen to Senate membership early in the 3rd cent. AD. Presumably praef. urbi. already from 4.1.304 - 12.2.305 A. R. held this office again under Maxentius (9.2. - 27.10.312), after he had been consul together with  Ceionius in the last months of 311. After the victory of Constantine over Maxentius, A. was again praefectus urbi from 29.11.312 to 8.12.313. His proving himself under the various emperors was praised by Avianius Symmachus (Symmachus, Ep. 1; 2; 3). Bleckmann, Br…

[German version] [1] Student of Libanius, consularis Palaestinae primae 360/1 AD Student of  Libanius, from whom he received letters (Lib. Ep. 137; 157; 158). In AD 360/361 he was …

[German version] [1] see Marcius Festus see  Marcius Festus Portmann, Werner (Berlin) [German version] [2] Iulius F. Hymetius Rom. official, proconsul Africae AD 366-368 served around AD 350 as corrector Tusciae et Umbriae, later as praetor urbanus and consularis Campaniae cum Samnio (before 355). In 362, he became vicarius urbis Romae (Cod. Theod. 11,30,29), and from 366 to 368 proconsul Africae (Cod. Theod. 9,19,3; his entire career: ILS 1256). As proconsul, he helped to alleviate a famine in Carthage, and in this context was sentenced to a fine as a result of b…

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(Ὀλυμπιόδωρος; Olympiódōros). [German version] [1] Athenian politician (end of the 4th cent. BC) …

Roman family name, probably related to Gabii (Schulze 532f.), widespread in Latium, and documented from the 3rd cent. BC; during the 2nd cent. BC, the family gained senatorial rank. I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] G., A. People's tribune 139 BC Allegedly the grandson of a slave (Liv. Per. Oxyrhynch. 54; cf. Cic. Leg. 3,35), in 146 BC envoy to the Achaeans; as people's tribune he introduced the secret ballot with voting tablets ( tabellae) for the election of officials in 139 (1. lex tabellaria, Cic. loc. cit.; Lael. 41). …

[German version] [1] Trajan, Roman Emperor, AD 98-117 Roman emperor, AD 98-117. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] I. Career up to accession T. was probably born in 53, the son of the consular (of…

[German version] [1] Half-sister of Constantine the Great Half-sister of Constantine the Great and wife of  Bassianus. She must have still been alive during the founding of Constantinople; the Thermae Anastasianae are named after her (Amm. Marc. 26,6,14). From time to time, her name, which refers to belief in the Resurrection, was regarded as circumstantial evidence of the fundamentally Christian convictions of her father  Constantius (PLRE 1, 58, A.1).…

(κορυνηφόροι; korynēphóroi, ‘mace-bearers’). [German version] [1] Bodyguards of Peistratus Bodyguards who were to protect Peisistratus against an alleged threat from his opponents. They were granted to him by the Athenian people. He used them to occupy the acropolis (Hdt. 1,59). Solon supposedly reco…

[German version] [1] Official under Constantinus [2] II. Consularis Syriae, comes Orientis, praefectus praetorio Galliarum…

[German version] [1] Uncle of emperor Theodosius I Flavius E. was an uncle of emperor Theodosius I (Them. Or. 16,203d). He is possibly identical with the comes sacrarum largitionum of AD 377-379 (Cod. Theod. 1,32,3; 10,20,9). In 381 he was consul (Them. ibid.). He was still alive in 395 (Zos. 5,2,3). PLRE 1, 288 E. (2). Portmann, Werner (Berlin) [German version] [2] Son of Stilicho, about AD 390 Flavius E., the son of  Stilicho and Serena, born AD 389 in Rome. He first lived in Constantinople, then at the court of  Honorius, where he became tribunus et notarius. In 400 he became engaged wi…

(Φερένικος; Pherénikos). [German version] [1] Theban politician …

[German version] [1] First wife of Julius Constantinus [4] 1st half 4th cent. AD First wife of Julius Constantius [4], a son of emperor Constantius [5] I. She was mother of Constantius Gallus, Caesar from AD 351-354 (Amm. Marc. 14,11,27). PLRE 1, 382 (G. 1). Portmann, Werner (Berlin) [German version] [2] Youngest daughter of Valentinianus I Youngest daughter of  Valentinianus I, sister of Valentinianus II. In AD 387 she fled, together with him and her mother Iustina, from the usurper Maximus to Constantinople, where she married Theodosius I (their da…

[German version] [1] Originally the cognomen of  Caracalla Originally the cognomen of  Caracalla. Birley, A. R. (Düsseldorf) [German version] [2] Originally the cognomen of the future emperor M. Aurelius  Severus Alexander Originally the cognomen of the future emperor M. Aurelius  Severus Alexander. Birley, A. R. (Düsseldorf) [German version] …

[German version] Arabic princess who undertook raids in Palestine and Phoenicia c. AD 372. In 378 she made peace with Valens and requested the hermit Moses as bishop for her people (Socr. 4,36,1-12; Sozom. Hist. eccl. 6,38,1-9; Theod. Hist. eccl. 4,23). After the battle of Hadrianopolis [3] she supported the Romans with troops (Amm. Marc. 31,16,5; Sozom. Hist. eccl. 7,1,1). She married her daughter to the …

[German version] I Greek (Θεόδωρος; Theódōros). [German version] [I 1] Of Samos, Greek architect, bronze sculptor and inventor, Archaic period Multitalented Greek inventor, architect, bronze sculptor and metal worker ( toreutḗs; Toreutics) of the Archaic period from Samos (for the occupational image cf. architect). His father was Telecles (Hdt. 3,41; Paus. 8,14,8; 10,38,6) or according to other sources (Diog. Laert. 2,103; Diod. Sic. 1,98) Rhoecus [3]; his name is so frequently mentioned in conjunction with the latter that …

[German version] Flavius I. (Jovian), Roman emperor AD 363-364, born in Singidunum in 331, the son of the Comes Domesticorum Varronianus. His father-in-law was the Magister Militum Lucillianus, his wife was possibly called Charito (cf. Zon. 13,14). He served as Protector Domesticus under Constantius [2] II (Amm. Marc. 21,16,20), and under Julian [11] as Primicerius Domesticorum (Amm. Marc. 25,5,4). The day after Julian's death in battle against the Persians, I. was proclaimed emperor on 27 June 363, while still on Persian territory. He ended the P…

[German version] [1] Southern Anatolian coastal mountain range Southern Anatolian coastal mountain range, today the Toros Dağları; it extends from Caria and Lycia in the west (Western T. with the Bey Dağları, 3086 m), through Cilicia (Middle T. with the Kalı Dağ, 3734 m), from where the Amanus branches off to the south-east and the Anti-T. to the north, while the main range stretches north-east to the Ararat highlands (Inner and Central Eastern T. with Ararat, 5165 m), beyond which a further Anti-T. (Ou…

[German version] In AD 370-377 comes rerum privatarum in the East (Cod. Theod. 7,13,2; 10,16,3 and passim). In 371 he had subordinates who were accused of magic tortured (Amm. Marc. 29,1,5-7; Zos. 4,14,1). He may be identical with the pagan poet, rhetor, and philosopher of the same name (cf. Lib. Ep. 694,9; 1157; 1425), a correspondent of Libanius (Ep. 565; 644; 650 et passim). PLRE 1, 369 (F. 1). Portmann, Werner (Berlin)

[German version] [1] Praefectus praetorio AD 222 or 223 Praefectus praetorio with (Geminius) Chrestus in AD 222 or 223. When upon the insistence of Julia Mamaea, Domitius  Ulpianus was put in charge by Severus Alexander as praetorian prefect, the guard mutinied, so Ulpianus had F. and Chrestus killed (Cass. Dio 80,2,2; Zos. 1,11,2). PIR2 F 180. Fuhrer, Therese (Zürich) [German version] [2] Virius Nicomachus F. Pagan, aristorcrat in Rome; friend of Symmachus Dominant figure of the non-Christian aristocracy in Rome in the last quarter of the 4th cent. AD. He had a clo…

[German version] (Μίκκαλος; Míkkalos). Antiochene, brother of the provincial governors Evagrius and Olympius. He was himself administrator of Thrace in AD 362. Libanius describes his dispute with his brother Olympius (Lib. Or. 63,30-35; cf. also Lib. Epist. 97-99, 149). PLRE 1, 602. Portmann, Werner (Berlin)

[German version] [1] Last Vicarius urbi Romae in 359 AD Was the last vic. urbi Romae, deputy praef. urbi Romae in the year AD 359 (Amm. Marc. 17.11.5; after 25 August: CIL VI 32004). Portmann, Werner (Berlin) [German version] [2] Flavius A. Dux Aegypti 360 AD Was an officer of the Arian religion under Constantine II. As dux Aegypti, he proceeded against the pagan cults in AD 360. In 362, he was condemned and sentenced to death by Julian due to his complicity in the murder of Gallus (Amm. Marc. 22,11,2ff.; Theod. Hist. eccl. 3,18,1). He was later honour…

[German version] [1] Iulius T. Tutor of princes, teacher of rhetoric, late 2nd cent. Active probably in the late 2nd cent. AD as a tutor of princes and later in Vesontio (modern Besançon) and Lugdunum (modern Lyon) as a teacher of rhetoric, T. was the author of numerous (non-surviving) works. He was famous for his prose ' Letters of Famous Women' written on the model of Ovidius' Heroides (on the choice of the letters of Cicero as a stylistic model: Sid. Apoll. Epist. 1,1,2). Furthermore, there is evidence of a collection of themata from Vergil for teaching rhetoric, a prose paraphrase …

[German version] [1] Choral lyric poet from Athens, 2nd cent. BC (Λιμήνιος; Limḗnios) from Athens. Choral lyric poet, composer of a paean to Apollo (127 BC), which is preserved in an inscription on the treasury of the Athenians at Delphi. Besides the text itself, the notes of the tune for the kithara accompaniment are also provided: Paeonic-Cretan rhythm, the word accent taken up by the melody, highest variability in the use of keys. Metre; Athenaeus [7] Käppel, Lutz (Kiel) Bibliography E. Pöhlmann, Denkmäler altgriech. Musik, 1970, 68-76 M. L. West, Ancient Greek Music, 1992, 293-301 L. …

(Κλέαρχος; Kléarchos). [German version] [1] Bronze sculptor from Rhegion Bronze sculptor from Rhegion. Because of his statue of Zeus Hypatus in Sparta, a   sphyrelaton according to the description, C. was wrongly considered the inventor of bronze statues by Pausanias. According to tradition he was a student of  Dipoenus and Scyllis or of  Daedalus as well as the teacher of  Pythagoras and, therefore, was active in the 2nd half of the 6th cent. BC. Neudecker, Richard (Rome) Bibliography Overbeck No. 332f., 491 P. Romanelli, in: EAA 4, 365f. J. Papadopoulos, Xoana e sphyrelata, 1980, 82 F…

[German version] [1] Appointed emperor in AD 280 Appointed emperor in Cologne, together with Proculus, in AD 280, soon thereafter defeated by  Probus (Eutr. 9,17,1; Aur. Vict. Caes. 37,3; [Aur. Vict.] Epit. Caes. 37,2). His vita in the  Historia Augusta (Probus), is largely fictitious; no genuine coins of his are known. PIR2 B 146; PLRE 1, 163 no.1. Birley, A. R. (Düsseldorf) [German version] [2] Consul in AD 344 Flavius B. was consul in AD 344 but was acknowledged only in the West and even there he is attested only until April/May. According to [1], however, he …

(Εὐσέβιος; Eusébios). [German version] [1] Flavius Eusebius Consul AD 347 Mention is made in the statute Cod. Theod. 11,1,1 of AD 360 of the former cos. et mag. equitum et peditum Eusebius. This probably refers to cos. E. of 347, who may perhaps be identified as the father of the empress Eusebia [1] (cf. Julian Or. 3,107d-110d). PLRE 1, 307f. Eusebius (39). Portmann, Werner (Berlin) [German version] [2] Eusebius Roman official about AD 355 Son of E. [1]. Like his brother Hypatius, he enjoyed the patronage of his sister  Eusebia [1] (cf. Julian Or. 3,116a). In AD 355 he was consularis Hellespon…

(Προκόπιος/ Prokópios). [German version] [1] Usurper, AD 365-366 Usurper, AD 365-366 Usurper in AD 365-366. He was born in 326 in Corycus (Them. Or. 7,86c; cf. Amm. Marc. 26,9,11) and was a relative of the emperor Iulianus [11] (Amm. Marc. 23,3,2). In 358 he was a delegate to Persia with the rank of a tribunus (Amm. Marc. 17,14,3), later he held a high position at the schola notariorum (Amm. Marc. 26,6,1). During Julian’s Persian campaign, he commanded a division as a comes (Amm. Marc. 23,3,5). After Julian's death (363) he retired to private life (Zos.…

[German version] [1] Christian, murdered in 361 AD by the heathen mob Praepositus monetae in Alexandria. On 24 December AD 361 he was murdered as a Christian by the heathen mob because he had knocked over an altar (Amm. Marc. 22,11,9f.; Historia acephala 8). PLRE 1, 271 D. (1). Portmann, Werner (Berlin) [German version] [2] Antonius D. Vicarius Africae 364-367 AD Attested only epigraphically (ILS 758; 763 et al.) and as a recipient of laws (Cod. Theod. 11,7,9; 11,30,33), vicarius Africae from AD 364 to 367 PLRE 1, 271f. D (3). Portmann, Werner (Berlin) [German version] [3] Blossius Aemiliu…

[German version] [1] C. M. Rufus Stoic philosopher, c. AD 30-100 Stoic philosopher, who influenced Epictetus [2]. Born into the equestrian class in Etruria before AD 30. He taught in Greek. Exiled by Nero for his links to Stoic senators, he was recalled after Nero's death, but exiled and recalled again under the Flavians. By his death (c. AD 100), he had become a symbol of the philosophical life. He wrote nothing, but accounts of his lectures were published after his death, probably by Lucius [2]; Twenty-one extracts of these are preserved by Stobaeus and one on papyrus. His works focuses on…

[German version] [1] Magnus D. Caesar 350-353 AD Caesar during AD 350-353. A relative (possibly brother) of the usurper Magnus Magnentius ([Aur. Vict.] Epit. Caes. 42,2; Zon. 13,8,2) who made him Caesar in Milan at the end of 350 when the German tribes, encouraged by Constantius [2] II, had invaded Gaul. Commanding an insufficient force, he suffered a defeat against the Alamannic king Chnodomar (Julian Or. 1,35A; Amm. Marc. 16,12,4f.). When he heard of Magnentius' death, he committed suicide in Sens on 18 August 353 (Eutr. 10…

[German version] Was appointed comes domesticorum by Julian in AD 361 (Amm. Marc. 21,8,1) and magister equitum by Jovian; in 364 he was influential in the elections of Jovian and Valentinian I (Amm. Marc. 25,5,2; Philostorgius 8,8). In 364-366 as magister peditum( equitum?) he fought against the Alemanni (Amm. Marc. 26,5,9), in 366 he was consul. PLRE 1, 239. Portmann, Werner (Berlin)

(Ἀλύπιος; Alýpios). [German version] [1] Vicarius of Britain under Iulianus Possibly from Cilicia, absolved a study programme in Antiochia (Lib. Ep. 324). Under emperor  Julian he administered Britain as vicarius (Lib. loc.cit; n. 23,1,2). AD 363 Julian passed on the rebuilding of the temple of Jerusalem to the educated pagan (cf. Julian Ep. 29 and 30), this failed in the end (Philostorgius Hist. eccl. 7,9; Rufin. hist. 10,38; note 23,1,2). 371 A. was embroiled in a lawsuit concerning murder by poison and was exiled (n. 29,1,44). Portmann, Werner (Berlin) [German version] [2] Faltoniu…

(Ἀβλάβιος; Ablábios). [German version] [1] Flavius A., 4th cent. AD Flavius A. was one of the most influential officials under  Constantinus the Great. He came from Crete (Lib. Or. 42,23); the child of poor non-Christians (Eun. Vit. Soph. 6,3,1-7); later converted to Christianity (Athan. Epist. Fest. 5). In AD 324/326 he was vicarius of Asia (CIL III 352), 329-337 praef. praet. Orientis, 331 cos. ord. It is said to have been on his instigation that the pagan philosopher  Sopater was executed by Constantine (Eun. Vit. Soph. 6,2,12; 3,7,13; Zos. 2,40,3). He was possibly still in office as pra…

Italian nomen gentile, see also Salustius. I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] S., Cn. Friend and correspondent of Cicero Close friend of Cicero, with whom he demonstrably exchanged letters between 67 and 45 BC (Cic. Att. 11,11,2; Cic. Fam. 14,11). In 58, he accompanied Cicero on the first leg of his journey into exile, in 47, he lent him money, and they were together pardoned by Caesar (Cic. Fam. 14,4,6; Cic. Div. 1,59). S. read the draft of Cicero's De re publica and urged him - in vain - to state his views clearly and unambiguously (Cic. Ad Q. Fr. 3,5,1), a request…

[German version] [1] Brother-in-law of Valentinian I, died c. 370 AD Brother-in-law of  Valentinian I. He led the fleet of the Euphrates in 363 in Julian’s Persian campaign (Amm. Marc. 23,3,9; Zos. 3,13,3). In 370 when tribunus stabuli in Valentinian’s Gaulish campaigns he was killed in an ambush (Amm. Marc. 28,2,10). PLRE 1,221. Portmann, Werner (Berlin) [German version] [2] Byzantine general under Justinian I Comes sacri stabuli (‘supervisor of the imperial stables’), Byzantine general in the war of  Justinian I against the Goths; from 536 in Dalmatia; after…

[English version] [1] 240 n. Chr. von den Karthagern zum Kaiser ausgerufen Wurde im J. 240 n. Chr. von den Einwohnern Karthagos zum Kaiser ausgerufen, doch wenig später durch den Statthalter Mauretaniens besiegt und von den eigenen Anhängern an Gordianus [3] III. ausgeliefert (Zos. 1,17,1; SHA Gord. 23,4). Franke, Thomas (Bochum) Bibliography Kienast 1, 197. [English version] [2] s. Vettius Sabinianus s. Vettius Sabinianus Portmann, Werner (Berlin) [English version] [3] 359-360 n. Chr. magister equitum per Orientem 359-360 n. Chr. in höherem Alter unter Constantius [2] II. magist…

[English version] [1] Praef. urbi 304-5, 312-13 n. Chr. Q. (?). Angehöriger der im frühen 3. Jh. n. Chr. in den Senat aufgestiegenen afrikan. Familie der Aradii Rufini. Vermutlich bereits vom 4.1.304-12.2.305 praef. urbi, bekleidete A. dieses Amt erneut unter Maxentius (9.2. - 27.10.312), nachdem er die letzten Monate von 311 gemeinsam mit Ceionius Konsul gewesen war. Nach dem Sieg Constantins über Maxentius war A. vom 29.11.312 bis 8.12.313 erneut praefectus urbi. Seine Bewährung unter den verschiedenen Kaisern rühmt Avianius Symmachus (Symm. epist. 1; 2; 3). Bleckmann, Bruno (S…

Beinamen bei vielen Gentilicia [1]. Bekannte Personen: der Jurist Salvius I. [1], der Arzt I. [2], der Kaiser I. [11], gen. “Apostata”, die Bischöfe I. [16] von Aeclanum und I. [21] von Toledo. [English version] [1] L. Octavius Cornelius P. Salvius I. Aemilianus röm. Jurist, 2. Jh. Jurist, geb. um 100 n.Chr. in Nordafrika, gest. um 170 n.Chr., war ein Schüler des Iavolenus [2] Priscus (Dig. 40,2,5) und der letzte Vorsteher der sabinianischen Rechtsschule (Dig. 1,2,2,53). I., dessen Ämterfolge die Inschr. aus Pupput/Prov. Africa (CIL VIII 24…

Seltener römischer Familienname, (zur Ableitung: Varro rust. 2,1,10). [English version] [1] E., L. gab sich als Sohn des Ti. Sempronius Gracchus aus Abenteurer unbestimmter Herkunft, der sich 102 v.Chr. als Sohn des 133 getöteten Volkstribunen Ti. Sempronius Gracchus ausgab, aber weder vom Censor Q. Caecilius [I 30] Metellus Numidicus noch der Schwester des Gracchus anerkannt wurde. Als Gefolgsmann des L. Ap(p)uleius [I 11] Saturninus bewarb er sich 100 um das Volkstribunat für 99, wurde aber in den Unruhen, die zum Tod des Appuleius führten, selbst getötet. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig…

[English version] [1] M. Daia röm. Kaiser 305-313 n.Chr. Röm. Kaiser 305-313 n.Chr. Als Sohn der Schwester des Galerius [5] und wie dieser in der Dacia ripensis geboren, vielleicht in Šarkamen (h. Serbien), stieg er vom protector zum tribunus auf (Lact. mort. pers. 19,6) und wurde Caesar im Thronwechsel von 305 als Adoptivsohn des Galerius (seither: Galerius Valerius Maximinus). Als Teilherrscher über die Diözese Oriens führte er die Christenverfolgung fort (Eus. HE 8,14,9). Wie Constantinus [1] gab sich M. nicht mit dem Titel eines…

[English version] Von 370-377 n.Chr. comes rerum privatarum im Osten (Cod. Theod. 7,13,2; 10,16,3 u.ö.). 371 ließ er Untergebene, die der Zauberei angeklagt waren, foltern (Amm. 29,1,5-7; Zos. 4,14,1). Er ist evtl. identisch mit dem gleichnamigen paganen Dichter, Rhetor und Philosophen (vgl. Lib. epist. 694,9; 1157; 1425), einem Korrespondenten des Libanios (epist. 565; 644; 650 u.ö.). PLRE 1, 369 (Fortunatianus 1). Portmann, Werner (Berlin)

Röm. Cognomen, das urspr. entweder körperliche Größe oder die Reihenfolge der Geburt (“der Ältere”) bezeichnete, so in republikan. Zeit bei Sp. Postumius Albinus M. ( cos. 148 v. Chr.) und T. Roscius M. (Cic. S. Rosc. 17) [1. 275; 3. 47]. Als Übernahme des Beinamens Alexandros' [4] “d.Gr.” (ὁ μέγας/ ho mégas, im Sinne von großer histor. Bed.) im 1. Jh. v.Chr. zuerst von Cn. Pompeius ( cos. 70 und 55) angenommen, dann auf seine Söhne Cn. und Sex. Pompeius und deren Nachkommen vererbt. Sex. Pompeius benutzte M. auch als Praenomen bzw. Gentilname [4. 364f.]. …

(Γαυδέντιος). [English version] [1] G. Philosophos Musiker und Philosoph Autor einer Einführung in die Harmonik Ἁρμονικὴ εἰσαγωγή ( Harmonikḗ eisagōgḗ), die - wohl nach Klaudios Ptolemaios verfaßt - Cassiodorus' Freund Mutianus ins Lat. übersetzt hat (Cassiod. inst. 2,5,142 Mynors). Das unvollständig (in 23 Kap.) erh. Werk bietet traditionelles Lehrgut in z.T. leicht veränderter Form, bes. des Aristoxenos und der Pythagoreer: Stimme, Ton, Intervall, Tongeschlecht, System (1-7), Zusammenklänge, Konsonanzen, Zahlenv…

(Δημήτριος). Bekannte Persönlichkeiten: der maked. König D. [2] Poliorketes; der Politiker und Schriftsteller D. [4] von Phaleron; der jüd.-hell. Chronograph D. [29]. I. Politisch aktive Persönlichkeiten [English version] [1] Offizier unter Alexander d.Gr. Offizier unter Alexandros [4], kämpfte bei Gaugamela als Führer einer Ile der Hetairoi und in Indien als Kommandeur einer Hipparchie. Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) Bibliography Berve 2, Nr. 256. [English version] [2] D. Poliorketes Sohn von Antigonos [1], geb. 337/6 v.Chr. (Diod. 19,96,1). Er heiratete 320 Ph…

[English version] [1] Amtsträger (4. Jh. n. Chr.) Aus Kilikien stammend, wurde C. in Antiochia ausgebildet (Lib. epist. 1399). Er war Bruder des Alypios (Iul. epist. 9-10). 362-363 war er evtl. vicarius Asiae (Lib. epist. 764; 1384). Nach dem Tode des Iulianus wurde er comes rerum privatarum (Cod. Theod. 10,1,8) und gewann großen Einfluß am Hof des Valens (Lib. epist. 1449; 1456). 365 wurde C. als praef. urbis Constantinopolitanae durch den Usurpator Prokop gefangen (Amm. 26,7,4; Zos. 4,6,2) und evtl. umgebracht (Them. or.7,92c). Er war Empfänger zahlreicher Bri…

(Προκόπιος). [English version] [1] Usurpator 365-366 n. Chr. Usurpator 365-366 n. Chr. Er wurde 326 in Korykos geboren (Them. or. 7,86c; vgl. Amm. 26,9,11) und war ein Verwandter des Kaisers Iulianus [11] (Amm. 23,3,2). 358 war er im Range eines tribunus Gesandter in Persien (Amm. 17,14,3), später hatte er eine hohe Stellung in der schola notariorum (Amm. 26,6,1). Auf Iulianus' Perserfeldzug befehligte er als comes eine Abteilung (Amm. 23,3,5). Nach Iulianus' Tod (363) zog er sich ins Privatleben zurück (Zos. 4,4,3). Valentinianus I. un…

[English version] [1] Schwager Valentinianus' I., gest. um 370 n. Chr. Schwager Valentinianus' I. Er nahm 363 n.Chr. als Führer der Euphratflotte an Iulians Perserfeldzug teil (Amm. 23,3,9; Zos. 3,13,3). Um 370 wurde er (als tribunus stabuli) während der Feldzüge Valentinians in Gallien bei einem Hinterhalt erschlagen (Amm. 28,2,10). PLRE 1,221. Portmann, Werner (Berlin) [English version] [2] Byz. Heerführer unter Iustinianus I. Comes sacri stabuli (Oberaufseher über die kaiserlichen Stallungen), byz. Heerführer im Gotenkrieg Iustinianus I., ab 536 in Dalmat…

[English version] [1] Röm. Offizier aus Kappadokien, Augenzeuge des Perserkrieges von 363 n. Chr. Nach Malalas (p. 332,9ff.) röm. Offizier aus Kappadokien, der in einem annalistischen Werk Iulians Perserkrieg von 363 n.Chr. als Augenzeuge beschrieben hat (FHG 4,6). Person und Werk sind evtl. Fiktion (vgl. FGrH II B 226, p. 638f.). PLRE 1, 319 E. (39). Portmann, Werner (Berlin) [English version] [2] Praef. praet. 396/7 n. Chr. Praef. praet. ( Illyrici?) 396/7 n.Chr.; praef. praet. Orientis 397-399; II 404/5; cos. 398. Strittig ist seine Identifizierung mit Typhos aus Synesi…

(Κλέαρχος). [English version] [1] Bronzebildner aus Rhegion, 2. H. 6. Jh. v. Chr. Bronzebildner aus Rhegion. Aufgrund seiner Statue des Zeus Hypatos in Sparta, nach der Beschreibung ein Sphyrelaton, wurde K. von Pausanias fälschlich als der Erfinder von Bronzestatuen bezeichnet. Nach der Überl. sei er Schüler von Dipoinos und Skyllis oder von Daidalos sowie Lehrer von Pythagoras gewesen und war somit in der 2. H. des 6. Jh.v.Chr. tätig. Neudecker, Richard (Rom) Bibliography Overbeck Nr. 332f., 491  P. Romanelli, in: EAA 4, 365f.  J. Papadopoulos, Xoana e sphyrelata, 1980, 82  Fuchs/…

Röm. Familienname, wohl mit Gabii zusammenhängend (Schulze 532f.), in Latium verbreitet und seit dem 3. Jh. v.Chr. bezeugt; im 2. Jh. gelangte die Familie in den Senat. I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] G., A. Volkstribun 139 v.Chr. Angeblich Enkel eines Sklaven (Liv. per. Oxyrhynch. 54; vgl. Cic. leg. 3,35), 146 v.Chr. Gesandter zu den Achaiern, führte als Volkstribun 139 die geheime Abstimmung bei Beamtenwahlen durch Stimmtäfelchen ( tabellae) ein (1. lex tabellaria, Cic. a.a.O; Lael. 41). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography M. Jehne, Geheime Abstimmun…

[English version] [1] praefectus praetorio für Illyrien, Jurist aus Berytos, 356-360 Jurist aus Berytos. Empfänger zahlreicher Briefe des Libanios. Von 356/7 n. Chr. bis zu seinem Tode (360) war er praefectus praetorio für Illyrien. Zuvor war er consularis Syriae (evtl. 349), vicarius Asiae (352) und procos. urbis Constantinopolitanae (354). 355 lehnte er es ab, praefectus urbi Romae zu werden (Lib. epist. 391). Er ist vielleicht identisch mit dem Agrarschriftsteller Vindonius Anatolius. Portmann, Werner (Berlin) [English version] [2] Mag. utriusque mil. praesentalis (s…

[English version] Alamanne (Amm. 14,10,8), tribunus stabuli 354 n. Chr. (Amm. l.c.). Seinem hohen Ansehen bei Constantius II. verdankte er 360 die außergewöhnliche Beförderung vom tribunus einer Palatinschola zum magister peditum praesentalis (Amm. 14,10,8; 20,2,5). Nachdem er 360/361 am Tigris gegen die Perser eingesetzt worden war, begleitete er 361 Constantius auf dem Zug gegen Kaiser Iulianus. Nach Constantius' Tod stellte er sich Iulianus zur Verfügung. Er gehörte zu den Mitgliedern der Untersuchungskommission von Chalke…

[English version] [1] Heermeister und Schwiegervater des Kaisers Iovianus, 4. Jh. n. Chr. Schwiegervater des Kaisers Iovianus (Amm. 25,8,9). 350 n.Chr. stellte L. sich, wohl als comes rei militaris, bei der dritten Belagerung von Nisibis erfolgreich den Persern entgegen (Zos. 2,45,2; 3,8,2). 354 war er comes domesticorum des Constantius [5] Gallus (Amm. 14,11,14). 361 leistete er als magister equitum in Illyrien vergeblich Widerstand gegen Iulianus' [11] Vormarsch nach Konstantinopel (Amm. 21,9,5-10). Iovianus erhob ihn 363 zum magister equitum et peditum (Amm. 25,8,9). 3…

[English version] [1] C. M. Rufus stoischer Philosoph, ca. 30-100 Stoischer Philosoph, der Epiktetos [2] beeinflußte, vor 30 n.Chr. in eine ritterliche Familie in Etrurien geboren; M. lehrte in griech. Sprache. Nero ließ ihn wegen seiner Verbindungen zu stoischen Senatoren verbannen; nach Neros Tod wurde M. zurückgerufen, wieder verbannt und unter den Flaviern erneut zurückgeholt. Bereits zu seinem Tod um 100 n.Chr. war er zum Symbol des philos. Lebens geworden. Er selbst schrieb nichts, doch wurden Vorl…

[English version] (Μίκκαλος). Antiochener, Bruder der Provinzstatthalter Euagrius und Olympius. Er selbst verwaltete 362 n.Chr. Thrakien. Seinen Konflikt mit dem Bruder Olympius schildert Libanios (Lib. or. 63,30-35; vgl. auch Lib. epist. 97-99, 149). PLRE 1, 602. Portmann, Werner (Berlin)

[English version] Praef. praet. Orientis, nachweisbar nur durch verschiedene, schwer zu datierende Gesetze aus den Jahren 326 n.Chr. (Cod. Theod. 9,3,2 u.a.), 329-331 (ebd. 12,1,1 u.a.) und 336 (ebd. 12,1,22). Daß er das Amt in diesem Zeitraum kontinuierlich innehatte, ist nicht wahrscheinlich. PLRE 1, 284f. E. (2). Portmann, Werner (Berlin)

Ital. Gentilname; s. auch Salustios. I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] S., Cn. Freund und Korrespondent Ciceros Enger Freund Ciceros, 67-45 v. Chr. als sein Korrespondent belegt (Cic. Att. 11,11,2; Cic. fam. 14,11). 58 begleitete er Cicero auf dem ersten Stück der Reise ins Exil, 47 lieh er ihm Geld, und beide wurden zusammen von Caesar begnadigt (Cic. fam. 14,4,6; Cic. div. 1,59). S. las den Entwurf von De re publica und drängte - vergeblich - auf kompromißlose Äußerungen Ciceros (ad Q. fr. 3,5,1), ebenso 54 im Prozeß um A. Gabinius [I 2] (ebd. 3,4,2). Fündling, Jörg (Bon…

[English version] Flavius B. war Franke (Zos. 4,33,2) und bekannte sich zum Heidentum (Ambr. epist. 57). Unter Gratianus ca. 380 n.Chr. zum mag. mil. aufgestiegen (Zos. 4,33,1) half er Theodosius I. gegen die Goten. Er wurde 383 mag. peditum praesentalis und maßgeblicher Ratgeber am Hof Valentinianus' II. (Ambr. epist. 24,4,8; 18,1,57). Er war zwar Gegner des Ambrosius beim Streit um den Victoriaaltar 384, scheint sich aber schließlich den Argumenten des Bischofs angeschlossen zu haben (Ambr. epist. 17,18 und 57,3). Er starb bald na…

[English version] [1] M. Aurelius N. Verf. bukolischer Schriften, vor 284? entsprechend dem Namenszusatz Carthagin(i)ensis in einigen Hss. aus Africa stammend, verfaßte vier bukolische Gedichte ( Bucolica, Buc.) und ein Lehrgedicht über die Jagd ( Cynegetica, Cyn.), von dem die V. 1-325 erh. sind. Die Widmung der Cyn. an die Kaiser Carinus und Numerianus [2] ermöglicht eine Datier. kurz vor 284 n.Chr. Ob N. auch Halieutica und Nautica verfaßte, wie SHA Car. 11,2 behauptet, ist ebenso zweifelhaft wie die Authentizität von 2 Fr. eines Lehrgedichtes über den Vogelfang ( De aucipio) [11.…

[English version] [1] Gattin Constantius' II. aus Thessalonike, evtl. Tochter des Eusebios I. Sie war seit etwa 352 n.Chr. zweite Gattin Constantius' II. (Iul. or. 3,109a-b, 110d). Sie galt als ungewöhnlich schön (Amm. 18,3,2) und soll einen schon von den Zeitgenossen beargwöhnten ([Aur. Vict.] epit. Caes. 42,20), starken Einfluß auf den Kaiser ausgeübt haben (vgl. Amm. 21,16,16). Auf ihren Rat wurde Iulian, dem sie sehr geneigt war (vgl. Iul. or. 3,117a-118c), zum Caesar erhoben (Amm. 15,2,8; 8,3). E…

[English version] Arabische Fürstin, die um 372 n.Chr. in Palästina und Phönizien Plünderungszüge unternahm. 378 schloß sie mit Valens Frieden und erbat von ihm den Eremiten Moses als Bischof für ihr Volk (Sokr. 4,36,1-12; Soz. 6,38,1-9; Theod. hist. eccl. 4,23). Nach der Schlacht bei Hadrianopolis [3] unterstützte sie die Römer mit Truppen (Amm. 31,16,5; Soz. 7,1,1). Ihre Tochter verheiratete sie mit dem magister equitum Victor (Sokr. 4,36,12). Nach Theophanes (annus mundi 5869 = 1,64,12 deBoor) war sie eine gebürtige Römerin, die in die Gefangenschaft der…

[English version] [1] Flavius A. (4.Jh. n. Chr.) Flavius A. gehörte zu den einflußreichsten Beamten unter Constantinus dem Gr. Er stammte aus Kreta (Lib. or. 42,23), war das Kind armer Nichtchristen (Eun. vit. soph. 6,3,1-7), konvertierte später zum Christentum (Athan. epist. fest. 5). 324/6 n. Chr. war er vicarius von Asia (CIL III 352), 329-337 praef. praet. Orientis, 331 cos. ord. Auf sein Anstiften soll der heidnische Philosoph Sopatros von Constantin hingerichtet worden sein (Eun. vit. soph. 6,2,12; 3,7,13; Zos. 2,40,3). Er war evtl. noch 338 als praef. im Amt, wurde aber noc…

Röm. Cognomen (auch Caerialis, Caerealis) latinischer Herkunft, abgeleitet von dem Adj. Cerealis (“zu Ceres gehörig”), seit iulisch-claudischer Zeit verbreitet (Schulze, 486f.; ThlL, Onom. 2,344f.). Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) [English version] [1] Schwager von Valentinianus I., 4. Jh. n.Chr. Bruder der Iustina, der Gattin Valentinianus' I. (Amm. 28,2,10). Tribunus stabuli (Amm. 30,5,19). Im Jahre 375 n.Chr. half er seinem Neffen Valentinianus II. auf den Thron (Amm. 30,10,5). PLRE 1,197. Portmann, Werner (Berlin) [English version] [2] Dux Libyarum 405 n.Chr. Dux Libyarum 4…

[English version] [1] Röm. Cognomen Röm. Cognomen (“der von den Eltern erwünschte Nachkomme”), in der Kaiserzeit weit verbreitet; ebenso häufiger Sklavenname. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Kajanto, Cognomina, 75; 77; 296 2 H. Solin, Die stadtröm. Sklavennamen, Bd. 1, 1994, 110-111. [English version] [2] Flavius O. kaiserlicher Grammatiklehrer, 4. Jh. Erzog als Grammatiklehrer den Sohn des Kaisers Licinius [II 4]. Angeblich besaß er wegen der Schönheit seiner Frau hohen Einfluß unter Constantinus [1] d.Gr. und wurde von diese…

[English version] Freund des Libanios (Lib. epist. 409; 441 u.a.). Er war zunächst notarius (Lib. or. 42,24f.), diente unter Constantinus [1] dem Gr., war später Ratgeber des Constantius II. (Lib. epist. 114; 490). Er wurde patricius und 358 n.Chr. consul. 346 suchte er als comes Athanasios zur Rückkehr nach Alexandreia zu bewegen (Athan. hist. Ar. 22). 351 war er in der Kommission, die über die Ketzerei des Photinus zu urteilen hatte (Epiphanios, adv. haer. 71). 364 befand er sich im Gefolge des Kaisers Iovian (Philostorgios hist. eccl. …

[English version] [1] aus Alexandreia, um 352/3 n.Chr. consularis Palaestinae K. aus Alexandreia war um 352/3 n.Chr. consularis Palaestinae (Lib. epist. 693). Im Winter 353/4 wurde er in Antiocheia [1] Opfer einer Intrige und ohne Prozeß hingerichtet (Amm. 14,1,3). PLRE 1,213 (Clematius 1). Portmann, Werner (Berlin) [English version] [2] Consularis Palaestinae 357-358 n. Chr. K. hatte in Antiocheia [1] zur Zeit des Caesars Gallus (Constantius [5]) eine hohe Stellung, wohl als agens in rebus (Lib. epist. 405, 435); 357-358 n.Chr. consularis Palaestinae (Lib. epist. 317). Er s…

[English version] [1] Magnus D. Caesar 350-353 n.Chr. Caesar 350-353 n.Chr. Verwandter (evtl. Bruder) des Usurpators Magnus Magnentius ([Aur. Vict.] epit. Caes. 42,2; Zon. 13,8,2), der ihn Ende 350 in Mailand, als die von Constantius [2] II. dazu veranlaßten Germanen in Gallien eingefallen waren, zum Caesar ernannte. Mit unzureichenden Kräften ausgestattet, mußte er eine Niederlage gegen den Alamannenkönig Chnodomar hinnehmen (Iul. or. 1,35A; Amm. 16,12,4f.). Als er von Magnentius' Tod erfuhr, beging er am 18.8.353 Selbstmord in Sens (Eutr…

[English version] [1] Urspr. Cognomen des Caracalla Urspr. Cognomen des Caracalla. Birley, A. R. (Düsseldorf) [English version] [2] Urspr. Cognomen des späteren Kaisers M. Aurelius Severus Alexander Urspr. Cognomen des späteren Kaisers M. Aurelius Severus Alexander. Birley, A. R. (Düsseldorf) [English version] [3] Caesar für Italien um 316 n.Chr. Mit Anastasia [1] verheiratet, wurde er kurz vor dem Krieg mit Licinius (316 n.Chr.) von Constantinus d.Gr. als Caesar für It. designiert, doch von seinem Bruder Senecio zu einer Verschwörung gegen Co…

[English version] Thesproter, Heide (Lib. epist. 1179). In Konstantinopel ausgebildet, hatte er Verbindung zu Themistios und Libanios (ebd. 67f.; 240f.). Er bekleidete um 360 n.Chr. nicht verifizierbare Ämter in Konstantinopel und war 363-366 vicarius Asiae. Er zeichnete sich im Kampf gegen den Usurpator Prokop aus und wurde von Valens zum procos. Asiae (366-367) befördert (Eun. vitae soph. 7,5,3-5). 372/3 und 382/4 war er praef. urbis Constantinopolitanae. Bis zu seinem Konsulat 384 war er sehr einflußreich (Lib. or. 42,18). Er starb vor 388. An ihn sind 21 …