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(Μενεκλῆς/ Meneklês). [German version] [1] Athenian lawyer, 350 and 347 BC Athenian. In 350 and 347 BC he was synegoros for Boeotus ( Mantitheus [3]) and his mother Plangon in two lawsuits (Dem. Or. 39,2; 40,9f.; 32). Allegedly a sycophant, Menecles was himself accused by Ninus's son. The prosecution speech (Din. fr. 33 Conomis) was attributed to Dinarchus. Engels, Johannes (Cologne) Bibliography Schäfer, Beilagen 1885, 211-226 PA 9908 Traill, PAA 643135. [German version] [2] Greek historian and antiquarian, 2nd cent. BC Menecles from Barca in northern Africa, a Greek histo…

[German version] Voyages of exploration served to open up new routes and thus also new geographical spaces, which ─ even though they may long have been known to other peoples ─ still had to be discovered for the Graeco-Roman peoples of the Mediterranean; this explains why most of these voyages took place comparatively early. The opening up of routes across the Mediterranean and its subsidiary seas and the associated coastal regions was already accomplished in prehistoric times and perhaps became the subject of myths ( Odysseus;  Argonautae). Historically evident discoveries thus …

[German version] [1] Epic poet and one of the Homeridae (Κρεόφυλος; Kreóphylos). Appears in the ancient legend of Homer as one of the  Homeridai, either Homer's friend (Pl. Resp. 600b = [2. Test. 3]) or his son-in-law (schol. Pl. Resp. 600b = [2. Test. 4]). He originally stemmed from either Samos (thus Callim. Epigr. 6 = [2. Test. 7]; Str. 14,638 = [2. Test. 8]), or Ios (thus Certamen Homeri et Hesiodi p. 44, 28 Wil. = [2. Test. 2]; Vita Homeri Procli p. 26, 26 Wil. = [2. Test. 9]) or Chios (thus Suda = [2. Test. 6]; schol. Pl. Resp. 600b = [2. Test. 3]). Supposedly, he was the author of the …

[German version] Title of an anonymous Latin didactic poem on marine life. Only the first 22 hexameters of the  praefatio survive, in some manuscripts of the works of Solinus (Anth. Lat. 1,2, no. 720 Riese). Brodersen, Kai (Mannheim)

[German version] and Descriptio totius mundi are the titles of two anonymous free Latin adaptations of a lost anonymous Greek commercial-geographical text, written in AD 459/460. This work written by an Orthodox covers Asia, Europe, and Africa as far as Egypt including the islands, and offers colourful details about the characteristics, products, trading habits, and lives of the various peoples. Brodersen, Kai (Mannheim) Bibliography GGM 2, 513-528 GLM, 104-126 J. Rougé, E., SChr 124, 1966 F. Martelli, Introduzione alla E., 1982 J. Drexhage, Die E., in: Münstersche Beiträg…

[German version] (Ἀγαθήμερος; Agathḗmēros). Son of Orthon (imperial Rome), author of a geographical outline ( Geography) Hypotýpōsis geōgraphías, (ὑποτύπωσις γεωγραφίας), only known from copies of the Cod. Palatinus gr. 398 (9th cent. AD) (GGM 2,471-487) [1]. A. gives a short summary of geographical science from  Thales to  Posidonius, provides definitions and etymology of the continents (ch. 1), also observations on the  wind rose (ch. 2), on the seas (ch. 3), on the length and breadth of the   oikoumene (ch. 4), and on the dimensions of the islands of the Mediterranean (ch. 5). An an…

[German version] [1] King (suffete) ‘King’ (suffete) of Carthage, probably in the early 5th cent. BC, only known for his sea expedition along the western coast of Africa intended to create and secure Carthaginian colonies. It led from the ‘Columns of Hercules’ (Straight of Gibraltar) to the island of Kerne (near modern Mauretania?), and ─ for the purpose of discovering passages ─ further to the Bay of Notou Keras (‘Horn of the Southern Wind’, modern Cameroon?). References to H.'s voyage begin to appear in the 3rd cent. BC (Aristot. Mir. 833a 11), esp. in Mela (3,90; 93)…

(Ἀχιλλεὺς Τάτιος; Achilleùs Tátios). [German version] [1] Of Alexandria of Alexandria, 2nd cent. AD Fusillo, Massimo (L'Aquila) [German version] A. Life As well as the novel ‘Leucippe and Cleitophon’ (in eight books), he wrote a treatise on the sphere of heaven, a treatise on etymology and a polygraphic work. According to the Suda lexicon (α 4695 Adler) he is said to have converted to Christianity -- a fiction like that circulating about  Heliodorus. It notes that on the whole his style is similar to that of other authors of romantic novels [1. 1710]. Fusillo, Massimo (L'Aquila) …

Roman surname, derived from the name of the goddess Iuno [1. 470; 2. 731]. The gens was plebeian; the idea that this family originated from the patrician founder of the Republic L. I. [I 4] Brutus (Cic. Att. 13,40,1), which was particularly propagated by the murderers of Caesar, M. and D. I. Brutus [I 10 and 12], was already a matter of controversy in ancient times (Plut. Brutus 1,6-8). T.  Pomponius Atticus (Nep. Att. 18,3) composed a family history at the request of M. Brutus. This gens became politically im…

[German version] Two anonymous lists of lands and islands of the Roman oikoumene with their length and width in Roman miles, probably created in the 5th cent. AD [1; 2]. Like similar information in Plin. HN 3-6, they can also be traced back to  Agrippa [1] [3]. Brodersen, Kai (Mannheim) Bibliography 1 Editions: GLM 9-20 2 K. Brodersen, C. Plinius Secundus: Naturkunde VI, 1996, 329-336 3 A. Klotz, Die geogr. commentarii des Agrippa, in: Klio 24, 1931, 38-58, 386-466. J. J. Tierney, Dicuili Liber de mensura orbis terrae, 1967, 22-26.