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mīrzā , second son of Bābur and of Gulruk̲h̲ Begam, and half-brother of Humāyūn; he was born in Kābul ca. 915/1509. He was cleverer than Humāyūn and had a poetical turn, but he was cruel and vicious and a restless schemer. He repeatedly rebelled against Humāyūn, who was at last compelled by his officers to make him innocuous by blinding him in 960/1553. He went to Mecca in 961/1554 and died there in D̲h̲u ʾl-Ḥid̲j̲d̲j̲a 904/October 1557. The most interesting thing about him is the devotion of his wife, Māh Čīčak B…

, wife of S̲h̲āh D̲j̲ahān, and the lady for whom the Tād̲j̲ Maḥall [ q.v. and hind. vii. Architecture] was built. She was the daughter of Abu ’l-Ḥasan Āṣaf K̲h̲ān, who was Nūr D̲j̲ahān’s brother. Her name was Ard̲j̲umand Bānū, the title Mumtāz Maḥall being conferred on her after S̲h̲āh D̲j̲ahān’s accession. She was his favourite wife and bore him fourteen children, seven of whom grew up. She was born in 1001/1593, married in 1021/1612, and died, at Burhānpūr in the Deccan, very shortly after the birth of a daug…

, muḥammad hās̲h̲im niẓām al-mulkī , historian; his title of K̲h̲wāfī K̲h̲ān was given him by Muḥammad S̲h̲āh and is derived from a family connection with K̲h̲wāf [ q.v.], a district of eastern Persia, famous for its distinguished men. He was a son of K̲h̲wād̲j̲a Mīr, a confidential servant of Murād Bak̲h̲s̲h̲, youngest son of S̲h̲āh D̲j̲ahān. The place and date of his birth are not known, but it seem probable that he was born in India, and a statement in his history (i, 739) implies that his birth took place about 1074/1664. The statemen…

, eldest son of the Mughal emperor Djahāngīr [ q.v.] by the daughter of Rād̲j̲ā Bhagwān Dās, was born at Lahore in 995/1587. He was a favourite with his grandfather, Akbar, who perhaps wanted to make him his successor. He rebelled against his father in the first year of the iatter’s reign (sc. in 1015/1606), was defeated and imprisoned. He made a second conspiracy in Afg̲h̲ānistān, and this having been detected, he was, with one interval, kept in confinement for the rest of his life. He died at Asīrgaŕh …

, surname of the Persian historian G̲h̲iyāt̲h̲ al-Dīn who was born ca. 880/1475 into a family of high officials and scholars. His father, K̲h̲wād̲j̲a Humām al-Dīn Muḥammad b. K̲h̲wād̲j̲a D̲j̲alāl al-Dīn Muḥammad b. K̲h̲wad̲j̲a Burhān al-Dīn Muḥammad S̲h̲īrāzī, was for many years the minister of Sulṭān Maḥmūd b. Abī Saʿīd, who at the end of his political career became the Tīmūrid ruler of Samarḳand from 899-900/1494-5. The historian Mirkhwānd [ q.v.] was his maternal uncle and took an important part in his primary education. It is, therefore, likely that K̲h̲wāndamīr was actually bor…