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[German version] (Νύκτιμος; Nýktimos). One of the 50 sons of Lycaon, either the oldest, who legitimately assumed sovereignty over Arcadia following the death of his father (Paus. 8,3,1; 5), or the youngest, who because of Gaia's intervention was the only one to be spared punishment by Zeus after the sacrilege of Lycaon and his sons (Fairy tale) and became king himself at the time of Deucalion's flood (Apollod. 3,96-99). According to another version N. himself was slaughtered (Lycophr. 481; Clem. Al. Protreptikos 2,36,5; Nonn. Dion. 18,20-24). Antoni, Silke (Kiel)

[German version] (Οἴαξ/ Oiax, Latin Oeax, 'helm'). Son of Nauplius [1] and Clymene [5] (also Philyra or Hesione [2]: Apollod. 2,23), brother of Palamedes and Nausimedon (Apollod. 2,23; 3,15; schol. Eur. Or. 432; Dictys 1,1). Marched with Palamedes to Troy (Philostr. Heroicus 10,10, p. 183 Kayser), where, after the stoning of Palamedes, he etched an account of his brother's fate onto the blades of a rudder and threw them into the sea (schol. Aristoph. Thesm. 771, following Eur. Palame…

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[German version] (Πανδία/ Pandía, also: Πανδεία/ Pandeía, Πανδείη/ Pandeíē). Daughter of Zeus and Selene (Hom. h. 32,14-16; Hyg. fab. praef. 28; in this sense probably also Phot. s.v. Πάνδια/ Pándia and EM s.v. Πάνδεια/ Pándeia). According to other sources (Orph. fr. 280,8; Maximos, Perì katarchôn 123, 146, 326; schol. Dem. Or. 21,9,39a-d) an epithet (Πάνδια/ Pándia, Πάντια/ Pántia) of Selene (cf. [3. 62]). The At…

[German version] (Πιτθεύς/ Pittheús, name probably derived from πειθώ/ peithṓ [1], therefore something like 'good adviser' [3], cf. [2]). P. was perhaps originally an ancient oracular deity, according to the sources the son of Pel…

[German version] (Θαύμας/ Thaúmas). Son of Pontus [1] and Gaia (or Tethys: Orph. Fr. 117), brother of Nereus, Phorcys [1], Ceto and Eurybia (Hes. Theog. 237 f.; Apollod. 1,10); with Electra [1] (Ozomene: Hyg. Fab. 14,18) father of the Harpies and Iris [1] (Hes. Theog. 265-267; 780; Verg. Aen. 9,5; Ov. Me…

(Ξάνθιος/ Xánthios). [German version] [1] Father of Leucippus from the Bellerophontes family Father of Leucippus [3] from the Bellerophontes family. When his daughter's fiancé tells him that she has had a relationship with another man, in an …

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(Θεσπιάδες/ Thespiádes). [German version] [1] Epithet of the Muses from the town of Thespiae Epithet of the Muses after the town of Thespiae (Thespia) on the Helicon [1] (Varro Ling. 7,20; Ov. Met. 5,310; Fulg. Mythologiae 1,11, p. 7,5-8 Helm). T. statues are mentioned by several…

[German version] (Μολοσσός/ Molossós). Son of Neoptolemus [1] and Andromache (unnamed in Eur. Andr.). In Pausanias (1,11,1f.) brother of Pielus and Pergamus, stepbrother of Cestrinus. Eponym of the Molossi and forebear of the Molossian dynasty (Eratosth. in schol. Hom. Od. 3,188; cf. Pind. Nem. 7,38-40 and schol. Pind. Nem. 7,56a-b; Serv. Aen. 3,297). Antoni, Silke (Kiel)

(Νοήμων/ Noḗmōn). [German version] [1] Lycian, follower of Sarpedon at Troy Lycian, follower of Sarpedon at Troy, killed by Odysseus (Hom. Il. 5,678; Ov. Met. 13,258). Antoni, Silke (Kiel) [German version] …

(Ὀδίος/ Odíos, auch Ὁδίος/ Hodíos). [German version] [1] Herald of the Greeks at Troy Herald of the Greeks at Troy (Hom. Il. 9,170; of the Telamonian Ajax [1]: schol. Hom. Il. 2,96). Antoni, Sil…

[German version] (Ζῆλος; Zêlos). Personification of zeal; son of Pallas and Styx. He and his siblings, Nike, Kratos and Bia, are constant companions of Zeus (Hes. Theog. 383-388), and his aides in the fight against the Titans (Apollod. 1,9). He is later equated with Zelotypia ('Jealousy': Orph. Fr. 127; Meleager Anth. Gr. 5,190; Hyg. Fab. praef. 17: Invidia; Hes. Op. 195 f.). …

(Σχοινεύς/ Schoineús, Latin Schoeneus;  cf. σχοῖνος/ schoînos, 'rush'). [German version] [1] Son of Athamas and Themisto Son of Athamas and Themisto, the daughter of Hypseus; brother of Leucon [1], Erythrius and Ptous/Ptoeus (Herodorus FGrH 31 F 38; Apollod. 1,84; Nonnus, Dion. 9,312-321; Tzetz. Ad Lykophr. 22, some with variant names). Father of both the Boeotian Atalante and the Arcadian one (Hes. fr. 72,9 f.; 75,12-15; 76,9 M.-W.; Apollod. 1,68; 1,112; 3,109; Hyg. Fab. 173; 185; 244; Ov. Met. 10,609; 10,660 et passim) and of Clymenus [6] (Hyg. Fab. 206; 238; 242; 246). …

[German version] (Σήταια; Sḗtaia). One of the Greeks' Trojan prisoners of war after the capture of Troy. On Mount Sybaris, fearing threatening servitude, she persuades the women captured with her to set fire to the Greek fleet. As punishment she is shackled to a cliff for vultures to feed on (Lycophr. 1075-1082; Tzetz. Ad Lycoph. 921; 1075-1081). The place takes it name, Setaeum, from her (Steph. Byz. s. v. Σηταῖον; EM s. v. Σηταῖον). According to Apollodorus (Epit. 6,15c = Tzetz. Ad Lycoph. 921) t…

[German version] (Σόος/ Sóos). Member of the Spartan royal house of the Eurypontids. Not yet mentioned in Herodotus (7,204; 8,131), but included as son of Procles [1] and father of Eurypon in ruler lists in more recent sources (Plut. Lycurgus 1,40a-2,40c; Paus. 3,7,1; Phlegon FGrH 257 F 1,2). It may be possible to trace this mythical figure back to a historical person, since it is to S.'s reign that e.g. the enslaving of the Helots is ascribed (Plut. loc.cit.), and Plato (Crat. 412b) is familiar with a respected Spartan with the name Σοῦς/ Soûs (contracted form of Sóos). Lycurgus [4] Antoni, S…

[German version] (Στύξ/ Stýx). From Homer (Hom. Il. 2,755; 14,271; 15,36-38 et passim), who exclusively uses the phrase Στυγὸς ὕδωρ/ Stygòs hýdōr ('Water of Horror'), onwards a river (in Pl. Phd. 113c: lake) in the Underworld and besides Gaia and Uranus the most important of the gods' witnesses to oaths. It appears for the first time in Hes. Theog. 361; 383-403; 775-806 as a mythical figure. The S. is the earliest of the Oceanids and the mother with Pallas of Zelus, Nike, Cratus and Bia and, according to Epimenides …

(Ὀτρεύς; Otreús). [German version] [1] Son of Dymas Son of Dymas [1], brother of Hecabe, brother-in-law of Priamus. King of Phrygia (Hesych. s.v. Ο.), eponym of the Bithynian town of Otroia (Strab. 12,4,7). Together with Mygdon [2] and with Priamus, he fought against the Amazon…

[German version] (Θέρσανδρος/ Thérsandros). Son of Polynices and Argea [2], brother of e.g. Alastor and Timeas, with Demonassa [1] father of Tisamenus [1] (Pind. O. 2,76-81 with schol.; Hdt. 4,147; 6,52). T. takes part in the Epigoni's successful campaign against Thebes [2] ( Epigoni [2]), after he - on the model of his father - has secured Alcmaeon [1]'s participation as the leader of the campaign by bribing Eriphyle with the …

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[German version] (Νημερτής/ Nēmertḗs). Daughter of Nereus and Doris [I 1], one of the Nereids (Hom. Il. 18,46; Hes. Theog. 262 (schol. 253 interprets N. as an adjective to Pronoe); Hyg. Fab. Praef. 8; in Apollod. 1,12 it reads Neomeris instead of N.). Antoni, Silke (Kiel)

[German version] (Φυλεύς; Phyleús). Eldest son of Augeias (Paus. 5,1,10), brother of Agasthenes (Paus. 5,3,3), according to Echemus [1] the second husband of Timandra (Hes. Fr. 176,3f.; cf. Hes. Fr. 23a,9. 31. 34f. M.-W.) or Ctimene [1] (Eust. ad Hom. Il. 2,625-630), in Hyg. Fab. 97,12 the husband of Eustyoche. P. is the father of Meges (Hom. Il. 5,72; 15,519f. and 528; Apollod. 3,129; Quint. Smyrn. 12,326) and Eurydameia (Pherecydes FGrH 3 F 115a). When Augeias refuses to pay Hercules [1] the prom…

[German version] (Ναύτης; Naútēs). Elderly Trojan, companion of Aeneas [1], priest of Athena and distinguished by her with outstanding wisdom. When Aeneas doubts whether he should stay in Sicily or continue to Italy, N. advises him to go on and found the colony of Acesta (Egesta/Segesta; Verg. Aen. 5,704ff., 728f.). N. accepts from Diomedes [1] the palladion that has been stolen, as a proxy for Aeneas, who is offering a sacrifice, and so becomes the originator of the service of Minerva in Rome by the …

(Φύλας; Phýlas). [German version] [1] King of the Thesprotians King of the Thesprotians, father of Astyoche [4] (Astyocheia in Hom. Il. 2,658). Heracles [1] fights on the side of the Caledonians against the Thesprotians, cap…

[German version] (Πληίονη/ Plēíonē, Latin Plione: Serv. Georg. 1,138). Daughter of Oceanus and Tethys (Ov. Fast. 5,83f.), mother of the Pleiades (Apollod. 3,110; schol. Hom. Od. 5,272), who - according to a widely accepted version- are named after their mother (schol. H…

[German version] (Παχράτης/ Pachrátēs). Magician and prophet from Heliopolis [1], proved his craft to emperor Hadrian with the help of a smoke sacrifice to Selene, in recognition of which he received double his fee (PGM 1, P 4,2446ff.). P. may have served as inspiration for the figure of the magician Pancrates in Lucian. Philopseudes 34-36 [1] and is perhaps identical [2. 618f.] with the poet Pancrates [3]. Antoni, Silke (Kiel) Bibliography 1 K. Preisendanz, s.v. P., RE 18, 2071-2074 2 F. Stoess…

[German version] (Πελαργή; Pelargḗ). Daughter of Potneus, wife of Isthmiades. After the Epigoni campaign and the capture of Thebes P. and her husband are said to have renewed the interrupted Boeotian cult of Demeter Kabeiria and of Kore (Persephone) outside its former territory by reinstituting the consecration of the mysteries of the Cabiraei (or Cabirii), the descendants of the Cabiri, who originally inhabited the place. …

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(Πείρας; Peíras). [German version] [1] Father of Echidna According to Epimenides (FGrH 457 F 5), P. was the father of Echidna with Styx as the mother (Paus. 8,18,2). Antoni, Silke (Kiel) [German version] [2] Founder of the Heraeum of Argos Son of Argos [I 1] and Euadne, brother of Ecbasus, Epidaurus and Criasus (Apollod. 2,3). According to Plutarchus (FGrH 388 F 2), P. founded the sanctuary of the Argive Hera, installed his daughter Callithyia (Callithoe [2]/Io) as priestess and dedicated to Hera an idol made from pear-wood. He is identical to Peiranthos/Piranthus (Hyg. Fab. 145), Peirasus (Paus. 2,16,1; 2,17,5) and Peiren [1] (Apollo…

[German version] (Ναιάδες; Naiádes, Νηιάδες; Nēiádes, singular Ναιάς; Naiás, Νηιάς; Nēiás, Νηίς; Nēís; Latin Naiades). Collective term for water nymphs in general (Nymphs; Hom. Il. 6,22; 14,444; 20,384; Hom. Od. 13,104; 13,356), who also have specific names corresponding to the bodies of water with which they are associated (cf. schol. Hom. Il. 20,8 Bekker). Etymologically, the term Naiádes is related to νάω/ náō (‘to flow’) and νᾶμα/ náma (‘something that flows, river’) (Hesych. s. v. Ναΐδες; etymology m. s. v. Νῆις). Subject to the naiads are above all rivers…

[German version] (Τενθρηδών/ Tenthrēdṓn, 'gall wasp': schol.  Nic. Alex. 547a-b;  cf. [1]). Descendant of Magnes [2] (schol. and Eust. on Hom. Il. 2,756), father of Prothous [3], the leader of the Magnetes (Hom. Il. 2,756; Lycophr.  899 with Tzetz.; Aristot. Epigr. 28, in [2]). Antoni, Silke (Kiel) Bibliography 1 LSJ, 1775, s. v. T. 2 Th. Bergk (ed.), Poetae Lyrici Graeci, vol. 2, 41882.

[German version] (Τήλων; Tḗlōn). King of the Teleboae, ruler of the island Capreae, father of Oebalus [2] by the nymph Sebethis (Verg. Aen. 7,734-736; Serv. Aen. 7,734 f.; cf. Sil. Pun. 8,541 f.). Antoni, Silke (Kiel)

(Φοίβη/ Phoíbē, Lat. Phoebe). [German version] [1] Titan, daughter of Gaia and Uranus ('Bright, pure one' [2], cf. on the etymology: [3]). Titan (Titans), daughter of Gaia and Uranus (Hes. Theog. 136; Orph. fr. 114; Apollod. 1,2; cf. Diod. Sic. 5,66,2f.; of Chthon (Chthonic deities): Aesch. Eum. 6f.; of Kronos: Schol. Pind. Pyth., hypothesis p. 1 Drachmann), by her brother Coeus (corrupt: Hyg. Fab. praef. 10: Polus) mother of Leto and Asteria [2] (Hes. Theog. 404-409; Diod. Sic. 5,67,2; Apollod. 1,8; Schol. Pind. Pyth. loc. cit.), grandmother of Apollo and Artemis. After her mother Gaia and Themis, P. was the third incumbent of the Delphic Oracle (Oracles). She transferred it…

[German version] (Νικαγόρα/ Nikagóra). Sicyonian, wife of Echetimus, mother of Agasicles. According to legend she brought Asclepius, in the shape of a serpent, in a mule cart from Epidaurus to Sicyon (Paus. 2,10,3). Antoni, Silke (Kiel)

[German version] ('the silent', also Dea Muta 'mute goddess'). The name, date (21 February, on the Feralia) and nature of her cult (Ov. Fast. 2,569-582), which is supposed to have been introduced to Rome by the king Numa Pompilius (Plut. Numa 8,65b), su…

[German version] (Θοώτης; Thoṓtēs). Herald of Menestheus [1] at Troy, sent by him to the two Aiantes (Ajax [1-2]) and to Teucrus [2] to ask for help in battle with the Lycians Sarpedon [1] and Glaucus [4]  (Hom. Il. 12,342-363). Antoni, Silke (Kiel)

[German version] (Σαώ/ Saṓ, ‘protector (fem.)’, ‘saviour’). Daughter of Nereus and Doris [I 1], one of the Nereids (Hes. Theog. 243; Apollod. 1,11). Antoni, Silke (Kiel) Bibliography N. Icard-Gianolio, s.v. S., LIMC 7.1, 666.

[German version] (Σκαιαί/ Skaiaí sc. πύλαι/ pýlai). The 'Scaean Gate' in Troy (Hom. Il. 3,145; 3,149 et passim; without pýlai: Hom. Il. 3,263; Str. 13,1,21; in the singular: Quint. Smyrn. 11,338), also called Dardaníai. Several explanations of the name are possible: the 'left' or 'w…

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[German version] (Οἶστρος/ Oîstros). Personification of frenzy (cf. Furor, Lyssa, Mania [1]). The only preserved literary source (Poll. 4,142) lists O amongst the ékskeua prósōpa ('especially elaborate masks') of tragic drama (for illustrations: [1]). Above all, the Greek oîstros accurately describes the gadfly which pursues and plagues its victim and…

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[German version] (Πάμμων). Son of Priamus and Hecabe (Hom. Il. 24,250; Apollod. 3,151; Quint. Smyrn. 6,317; 562; 568; in Hyg. fab. 90 Pammon (Schmidt) or Palaemon), killed by Neoptolemus [1] (Quint. Smyrn. 13,213f.). Antoni, Silke (Kiel)

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[German version] (Θείας; Theías). Son of Belus and the Nymph Oreithyia (or her husband), unwittingly fathers Adonis with his daughter Smyrna (Myrrha). When he discovers the offence, he first tries to kill his daughter, who escapes by transforming herself into the tree of the same name, then kills himself in shame (Antoninus Liberalis 34; Apollod. 3,183 f. after Panyassis; Tzetz. Lycoph. 829). Other sources name Cinyras as Smyrna's father (Ov. Met. 10,298-518; Hyg. Fab. 58; Tzetz.  Lycoph. 831).…

(Πανόπη; Panópē). [German version] [1] Daughter of Nereus and Doris [I1] (Πανόπεια/ Panópeia in Nonnus, Panopea in Virgil; the ‘all-caring one’ [1], different in Eust…

[German version] (Θάλπιος; Thálpios). Grandson of Actor [4], son of the Actorion Eurytus and of Theraephone; he and Amphimachus [2], Diores [1] and Polyxenus [3] were leaders of the 40 Epeian ships at Troy (Hom. Il. 2,618-624; Paus. 5,3,3 f.; Dares 14; Dictys 1,17). T. is mentioned among the suitors of Helena [I 1] (Apollod. 3,129; Hyg. Fab. 81) and among those in the Trojan Horse (Q. Smyrn. 12,323), his grave is in Elis (Aristot. epigram 36, in [1]). …

[German version] (Ὠκυπέτη/ Ōkypétē). Daughter of Thaumas and Electra [1], one of the Harpies, also called Ocythoe or Ocypode (according to Hesiod; Apollod. 1,123). Sister of Aëllo (also Nicothoe) and Celaeno [2] (Hes. Theog. 267; Apollod. 1,10; Hyg. Fab. 14,18; Praef. 35). O. fled from the sons of Boreas to the islands of the  Echinades, which are called Strophades after her because she turned back there (στροφή/ …

[German version] (Ἰνώ; Inṓ). Daughter of  Cadmus [1] and  Harmonia, generally taken to be the second (first: schol. …

[German version] (Θαυμακίη; Thaumakíē). One of the cities in Magnesia [1] which were represented at Troy with altogether seven ships under the leadership of Philoctetes, today not located (Hom. Il. 2,716-719; Str.  9,5,16; Plin. HN 4,32; cf. Steph. Byz., s. v. Θαυμακία). Antoni, …

[German version] (Θέστιος/ Théstios). Mythical ruler of Pleuron in Aetolia (Str. 10,2,24; 10,3,6), son of Ares (Apollod. 1,59; Ps.-Plut. De fluviis 22,1, GGM 2, p. 661 f.) or Agenor [3] (Asius in Paus. 3,13,8) and Demonice/Demodice (Apollod. 1,59; schol. Apoll. Rhod. 1,146-149a) or Peisidice (Ps.-Plut. loc.cit.), brother of Euenus, Molus and Pylus (Apollod. 1,59); with Eurythemis (Apollod. 1,62…