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[German version] (Χολαργός; Cholargós). Attic asty deme ( Asty) of the Acamantis phyle; four (six) bouleutai. Its exact location is uncertain, presumably to the west or north-west of Athens, towards Phyle (Men. Dys. 33), the presumed location of the estate of Pericles, who hailed from C. (Thuc. 2,13; Plut. Pericles 3). Epitaphs for inhabitants of C. originate from Chaïdari (IG II2 7768). C. is one of those six or seven demes where the holding of  Thesmophoria is verified (IG II2 1184; LSCG no. 124); it also boasted a Pythion (ibid. l. 23), as well as a circular temenos of Heracles (IG II2 1248…

[German version] (Κολλυτός, also Κολυττός; Kollytōs, Kollyttós). Attic asty deme belonging to the Aegeis phyle in the centre of Athens south of the  Areopagus and west and south of the Acropolis, the dense urban development of which apparently blended into Melite (Eratosth. in Str. 1,4,7; [1. 169; 2. 16; 3. 55; 4. 276; 6. 27f.]); provided three (four) bouleutaí. The main street, the ‘narrow’ (στενωπός) C., was used as a marketplace (Phot. 375B; [1. 180]). Reference on the decree on demes IG II2 1195 l. 6ff., see [6. 128, 140, 187, 382]. There is evidence of rural (!)  D…

[German version] (Ἀγκυλή; Ankylḗ). Attic   asty deme (Upper and Lower A.) of the phyle  Aigeis, later of  Antigonis with two (1/1) bouleutai, located in the east or south-east of Athens (Alci. 3,43: ‘Proasteion’). A. bordered on  Agryle either in the north [1. 170] or south (IG II2 2776 Z. 57-59 [2. 70]). Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 W. Judeich, Top. von Athen, 21931 2 S. G. Miller, A Roman Monument in the Athenian Agora, in: Hesperia 41, 1972,50-95. Traill, Attica, 7, 29, 39, 68, 69, 109 f. (no. 14, 15), 126 f. table 3, 11 Id., Demos and Trittys, 1986, 127.

[German version] (Γαργηττός; Gargēttós). Attic Mesogea deme in the Aegeis phyle, after 307/6 BC in the Antigonis. It provided four (already in IG I3 1040), later seven   bouleutaí . Name pre-Greek [1. 1336]. A decree on the demes of Hagios Giorgios near Ieraka locates it in the marching order between Hymettus and Pentelicum east of Pallene and attests a Dionysus sanctuary as the mustering ground [2. 41; 3. 127]. G. was with Acharnae, Paeania and Pallene a member of the cultic federation of Athena Pallenis (Ath. 234f-235c; [4. 18546]), the hero G. was considered the father of Ion…

[German version] (Κονθύλη; Konthýlē). Attic mesogeia deme of the phyle Pandionis, from 224/3 BC of Ptolemaïs; one   bouleutḗs ; the location is uncertain (Mazareïka? [2; 3. 43]). According to [1. 601ff.], C. formed the cultural association of Tricomi together with Erchia and Cytherus. Sources: Aristoph. Vesp. 233; Phot. s.v. Κοθύλη. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 P. J. Bicknell, Clisthène et Kytherros, in: REG 89, 1976, 599-603 2 M. Petropolakou, E. Pentazos, Ancient Greek Cities 21. Attiki, 1973, 157 no. 25 3 Traill, Attica 43, 62, 69, 111 no. 73, table 3, 13.

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Attica (Πάνακτον, Πάνακτος; Pánakton, Pánaktos). Attic border fortress on the southern edge of the Plain of Scurta near modern Prasino (once Kavasala) [2; 3; 4; 5. 224f.; 6], sometimes incorrectly identified with the Gyphtokastro (Eleutherai) in the Kaza Pass. Built before the  Peloponnesian War, in 422 BC P. fell to the Boeotians through treachery (Thuc. 5,3,5), who, in violation of a treaty, demolished it before returning it (Thuc. 5,18,7; 39,2f.;…

[German version] (Κύθηρος; Kýthēros). Attic paralia(?) deme of the Pandionis phyle, from 307/6 to 201 BC of the Antigonis; supplied two bouleutaí. According to Str. 9,1,20, one of the locations belonging to the Attic dodecapolis. Its localisation near Poussi Kalojerou by Traill [3] is methodologically unsustainable; Dem. Or. 42 suggests a site near a city, in a wooded area. In IG II2 2496 three houses belonging to the deme of C. in Piraeus are leased by otherwise unattested Meritai [4. 383 no. 72]. A cult association between Trikomoi, Erchia and C. can scarcely be deduced from IG II2 1213…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre | Ionic | Oracles | Attica | Athenian League (Second) | Education / Culture | Boeotia, Boeotians (Ὀρωπός/ Orōpós). Coastal town in northwest Attica opposite Eretria, present-day Skala Oropou (for classical remains [1; 5; 6. 304 fig. 378, 379]) and suburb of Oropia, which was a disputed territory between Athens and Boeotia. The principal shrine of Amphiaraus, and site of his oracle, is situated 6 km to the southeast in a narrow wooded valley. Excavations s…

[German version] (Ἀναία; Anaía). Coastal town in Ionia to the north of the Mycale mountains at and near the Byzantine fortress (12th/13th century AD; [3. 65-74]), now called Kadıkale, where [2] found pottery from the 10th-3rd cent. BC. When the Athenians conquered Samos in 365 BC, A., as part of the peraia of Samos [3], was used by the Samians as a place of refuge [1. 44 f.]. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Ch. Habicht, Athen, 1995 2 Z. Mercangöz, Kuşadası, Kadıkalesi Kazısı, in: 24. Kazı, Araştırma ve Arkeometri Sempozyumu, 2003 3 W. Müller- Wiener, Mittelalterliche Befest…

[German version] (ἡ/ὁ Πάρνης; hē/ho Párnēs). A mountain range, rich in forests and springs, on the border between Attica and Boeotia, stretching west of the Aegaleos, with the name Pastra, as far as Cithaeron; the modern Parnitha (elevation 1413 m). A number of demes were located at the foot of the P., including Acharnae, Aphidna, Decelea, Paeonidae, Peleces and Phyle. Several fortresses secured the passes to Boeotia in the area of the P.: Decelea with the fort at Katsimidi Pass, Phyle, and Panactum,…

[German version] (Δαιδαλίδαι; Daidalídai). Attic asty deme of the Cecropis phyle, from 307/6 to 201/0 BC of the Demetrias phyle, from AD 126/7 of the Hadrianis. One   bouleutes . With the Daedalion, mentioned only in the poletai inscription [1] and probably the sanctuary of the eponymous hero of D., it bordered to the south with the Alopece deme. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 J. Young, Greek Inscriptions, in: Hesperia 10, 1941, 14ff., esp. 20f. no. 1, l. 10f. Traill, Attica 10f., 50, 70, 109 no. 30, table 7, 12, 15 J. S. Traill, Demos and Trittys, 1986, 14, 135.

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Attica (Θημακός; Thēmakós). Attic mesogeia (?) deme, Erechtheis phyle, from 224/3 BC Ptolemaïs, one bouleutḗs; location unknown. IG II2 1212 (finding site: in vico Kara, modern Ilioupoli) is probably not a decree from T., cf. [1]. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Whitehead, 392 No. 135. Traill, Attica 15, 38, 62, 69, 75, 112 No. 134, Tab. 1, 13  J. S. Traill, Demos and Trittys, 1986, 126.

[German version] (Κέρατα; Kérata). Peaks, named after their peculiar shape (‘horns’) (modern Trikeraton; Trikeri, 470 m), in the mountains on the border between Attica and Megaris east of Eleusis (Diod. Sic. 11,65,1; Plut. Themistocles 13,1; Str. 9,1,11). Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography F. Bölte, s.v. K., RE 11, 265f. Philippson/Kirsten, vol. 1, 760; 973.

[German version] (Σαμικόν; Samikón). The biggest fort of Triphylia (western Peloponnese) on the western foothills of Mount Kaiapha, between the modern Agoulinitsa lagoon in the north and lake Kaiapha in the south. This is the location of a cave of the Anigriades [4], spring nymphs of the former river Anigrus ( cf. [2]) with sulphur springs (Str. 8,3,19; Paus. 5,5,11; Schol. Hom. Il. 11,721). Sources: Paus. 5,6,1-3; Pol. 4,77,9; 80,12; Str. 8,3,13; 19 f.; 27. The form Sámos is only attested in Str. 8,3,20 and Schol. Hom. Il. 13,13. S. was probably built by the Eleans in …

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Attica (Θοραί; Thoraí). Attic paralia deme, phyle Antiochis, 307/6 - 200 BC Demetrias, four bouleutaí. According to Str. 9,1,21 on the Attic southwest coast between Aegilia (modern Finikia?) and Lamptrae, probably therefore between Lagonisi and Agios Dimitrios ([2. 243 note 10; 3], differently [1]). Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 C. W. J. Eliot, Coastal Demes of Attika, 1962, 65-68 2 H. Lauter, Ein ländliches Heiligtum hellenistischer Zeit in Trapuria (Attika), in: AA 1980, 242-255 3 J. S. Traill, Demos…

[German version] (Διακρία; Diakría), also Hyperacria and Epacria. Term for the mountainous northeast of Attica [2], probably also the Attic east coast as far as Brauron, the ancestral home of the  Peisistratids (Pl. Hipparch. 228b; Plut. Solon 10,3; [4. 224]). Supported by a group of Hyperakrioi (Hdt. 1,59) or Diakrioi (Aristot. Ath. Pol. 13,4; [1; 2; 3. 184-188]), Peisistratus [4] established his tyrannis in Athens in 561 BC. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 K. H. Kinzl, Regionalism in Classical Athens?, in: Ancient History Bull. 3, 1989, 5-9 2 R. J. Hopper, 'Plain', 'S…

[German version] (Ἁλίπεδον, Ἁλαί; Halípedon, Halaí). Swampy plain (Hsch. s.v. Ἁ.) North of the main harbour of the Piraeus [1; 2], in 403 BC scene of a defeat of Thrasybulus by the Spartan king Pausanias (Xen. Hell. 2,4,30-34). Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 W. Judeich, Top. von Athen, 21931, 425, 426 n. 1 2 W. Kolbe, s.v. H., RE 7, 2268 3 Travlos, Athen 3, 164 fig. 213 (Neophaliron).

[German version] (Κυδαντίδαι; Kydantídai). Attic mesogeia(?)-deme of the phyle Aegeis, from 224/3 BC of Ptolemaïs; placed one (two) bouleutaí. Location unknown; Vurva [1. 173; 4. 24ff.], Kato Charvati [2], Mendeli [3 have been suggested. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 P. Siewert, Die Trittyen Attikas und die Heeresreform des Kleisthenes, 1982 2 Traill, Attica 15f., 41, 62, 69, 111 no. 79, pl. 2, 13 3 J. S. Traill, Demos and Trittys, 1986, 128 with n. 17 4 E. Vanderpool, The Location of the Attic Deme Erchia, in: BCH 89, 1965, 21-26.

[German version] (Μυρρινοῦς/ Murrhinoûs). Attic paralia deme of the phyle of Pandionis, six (eight) bouleutaí, near modern Merenda. Significant archaeological finds [1; 2; 4]; an incomplete ancient fortification on the Merenda [3]. Two decrees on demes from Myrrhinus (IG II2 1182, 1183) are significant for research on the internal organization of dḗmoi. Apart from a theatre (IG II2 1182, Z. 2-4), they attest to cults of Zeus (IG II2 1183, Z. 32-36), Artemis Colaenis (IG II2 1182 ,Z. 19-21; Paus. 1,31,4; schol. Aristoph. Av. 873) and rural Dionysia (IG II2 1183, l. 36-37). Aristion [2] Loh…

[German version] (Συβρίδαι; Sybrídai). Attic Paralia(?) deme of the Erechtheis phyle, before 307/6 BC with one bouleutḗs in alternation with Pambotadae, near which S. may have been. There is speculation on a connexion with the River Syverus (Siberus) in Plin. HN 37,114. The sculptor Cephisodotus [5] was from S. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography E. Meyer, s.v. S., RE Suppl. 10, 925-927  Traill, Attica, 6, 14, 59, 62, 69, 112 No. 131, Table. 1  J. S. Traill, Demos and Trittys, 1986, 126.

[German version] (Κριώα). Attic asty (?) deme of the Antiochis phyle. With one bouleutaí, after 307/6 BC two bouleutaí. Location uncertain, but the genealogical links between the eponymous hero Crius (schol. Aristoph. Av. 645) and Pallas suggest proximity to Pallene [1; 2. 3732]. The funerary inscription IG II2 6108 of the wife of a Κριωεύς is from Kypseli. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 E. Honigmann, s.v. K., RE 11, 1866 2 P. J. Bicknell, Akamantid Eitea, in: Historia 27, 1978, 369-374. Traill, Attica 23, 54 with n. 27, 59, 69, 111 no. 77, tab. 10 J. S. Traill, Demos and Tritt…

[German version] (Αἰγιλιά; Aigiliá). Attic   paralia (coastal) deme of the phyle Antiochis, later Ptolemais. Six   bouleutai [5. 23, 53, Table 10], located on the south-western coast of Attica (according to Str. 9,1,21 between Thorae and Anaphlystus), though not north-east of the Olympus [1. 69 ff.] near Hagios Panteleimon [5. 53; 3. 50 ff.], but to the west, probably near Phoinikia [2. 243 annotation 10; 4. 829]. Famous for its figs (Ath. 14,652E; Theoc. 1,147). A., together with a large part of the southern paralia, was probably depopulated quite early. ( Atene) [3]. Lohmann, …

[German version] (Ἀραφήν; Araphḗn). Attic   paralia deme of the  Aigeis phyle (IG II2 1747; two bouleutai), on the east coast west of Raphina, which has retained the name. Ancient remains (cf. [1. 39]) built over by modern development. A fortified proto-urban centre in Askitario (early Helladic II) [2; 3]. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 A. Milchhoefer, explanatory text, in: E. Curtius, J. A. Kaupert (ed.), Karten von Attika 3-6, 1889 2 D. Theocharis, Ανασκαφη εν Αραφηι, in: Praktika 1951, 77-92; 1952, 129-151; 1953, 105-118; 1954,104-113; 1955, 109-117 3 Id., Ασκητα…

[German version] (Σημαχίδαι; Sēmachídai). Attic asty(?) deme of the Antiochis phyle, with one bouleutḗs . According to Philochorus in Steph. Byz. s. v. Σ., situated in Epacria, the mountainous north of Attica, (at modern Vredou [2]?). A second S., attested at the end of the 2nd/beginning of the 3rd cent. AD, was not a regular Attic deme [1. 13, 94 f., 121 no. 37]. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Traill, Attica, 13, 54, 69, 94 f., 112 No. 126, 121, No. 37, Table 10 2 J. S. Traill, Demos and Trittys, 1986, 139, 149.

[German version] (Ἀπολλωνιείς; Apollōnieís). Attic deme of the  Attalis phyle (IG II2 1794 ff.), created in 200 BC in honour of Apollonis, wife of  Attalos I [4]. Five bouleutai. Site unknown. 14 demotai attested by name. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography Traill, Attica, 30, 109 no.18, table 14 Whitehead, 20 note 66.

[German version] Listed amongst the asty demes of the Leontis phyle epigraphically [2. 99f.], but not in IG II2 2362 (200 BC); with four (?) bouleutai. Location debatable, probably neighbouring Acharnae, see Aristoph. Ach. 406. Archedemus, who had decorated the grotto of the Nymphs near Vari ( Anagyrus), was naturalized in C. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Traill, 18ff., 109 (no. 29), table 4 2 Id., Diakris, the inland trittys of Leontis, in: Hesperia 47, 1978, 89-109 3 Whitehead, 332 with fn. 35, 425.

(Πανδιονίς; Pandionís). [German version] [1] See Procne see Procne Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) [German version] [2] Third of the ten phyles of Attica The third of the ten phyles of Attica from the time of the phyle reform of Cleisthenes [2] in 508/7 BC (IG II2 1138-1140; 1144; 1148; 1152; 1157; 1160; 1167; Attica, with map); eponymous hero Pandion [1] (Πανδίων/ Pandí ōn, Paus. 1,5,3). In the 4th cent. BC, P. comprised eleven dḗmoi, of which (at least) one was in the asty trittys of Cydathenaeon, four in the mesogeia trittys of Paeanea and five in the paralia trittys of Myrrhinus. Three dḗmoi (Cydath…

(Ἐροιάδαι; Eroiádai). [German version] [1] Attic asty(?)-deme of the phyle Hippothontis Attic asty(?)-deme (IG II2, 1927) of the phyle Hippothontis, one bouleutes (after 307/6 BC: two). Only this E. (not E. [2]) is mentioned by Harpocr., Hsch. and Steph. Byz. s.v. E. Presumably located near Chaidari (there is the finding place of IG II2, 1867, 6090). Ὀρε(ι)άδαι; Ore(i)ádai (SEG 13,115; SEG 17, 98; IG II2, 2776 l. 52 [1. 82]) is possibly a variant of E. based on vowel metathesis [2. 171f.]. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 S. G. Miller, A Roman Monument in the Athenian Agora…

[German version] (Ἀνάφλυστος; Anáphlystos). Attic   paralia deme of the phyle  Antiochis (10 bouleutai) in the coastal region of Anavysso in south-western Attica between  Aegilia in the west,  Atene in the south-east, and  Amphitrope in the east; the astike hodos, the arterial highway from Athens to  Sounion, and respectively the Rhevma Maresas/Ari formed the border to  Phrearrhii in the north-west. Traces of habitation from the neolithic period onwards; the peninsula of Hagios Nikolaos (Astypalaea: Str. 9,1,21) housed an important m…

[German version] (τὸ Πεντελικὸν ὄρος; tò Pentelikòn óros). Mountain in the northeast of Athens (1108 m). The name P. (modern Penteli) is derived from the post-Cleisthenic deme of Pentele [1] at the southwest foot and in Antiquity attested only in Paus. 1,32,1f. (cf. Vitr. 2,8,49: mons Pentelensis), otherwise (pre-Greek) Brilettus (Brilessus, Βριληττός; brilēttos). P. was famous for its marble (Thuc. 2,23,1; Str. 9,1,23; Theophr. De signis 3,6,43; S. Emp. Adv. math. 1,257), which was increasingly quarried from the middle of the 6th cent. BC and i…

[German version] (Περιθοῖδαι; Perithoîdai). Attic asty deme of the phyle Oineïs with three bouleutaí. On the basis of the site of the funeral inscription IG II2 7219 and mythological speculation P. is mostly located to the west of Athens in the Cephisus valley along the Sacred Road (present day Aigaleo)(Athenai II.7.). Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography Traill, Attica, 49, 68, 111 Nr. 107, Tab. 6  Whitehead, 84, 210, 371.

[German version] (Μυρρινοῦττα/ Murrhinoûtta). Small Attic (paralia?) deme of the phyle of Aigeis, one bouleutḗs; tentatively located at Nea Makri [1] or Vourva [2. 24ff.]. Strab. 9.1.22 should be read as M., and not Myrrhinús [1]. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 J.S. Traill, Demos and Trittys, 1986, 128, 146f. 2 E. Vanderpool, The Location of the Attic Deme Erchia, in: BCH 89, 1965, 21-26. Traill, Attica, 16f., 41, 69, 111 nr. 90, table 2  Whitehead, 23, 73, 84, 370.

[German version] (Ποταμός/ Potamós). Name borne by three Attic demes of the phyle Leontis: (1) and (2) were asty demes in the upper Ilissus valley, divided into Upper P. (Π. καθύπερθεν/ P. kathýperthen) at the Kaisariani monastery with two bouleutaí and Lower P. (Π. ὑπένερθεν/ P. hypénerthen) in modern Panepistemioupolis with one or two bouleutaí, from 307/6 to 201/200 BC in  Demetrias [2]. Boundary-rock inscriptions on  Alepovouni [1; 2] presumably marked the border between Upper and Lower P. [3. 117]. (3) P. Deiradiôtai (Π. Δειραδιῶται). Paralia deme, from 307/6 to 201/0 BC a…

[German version] (Modern Greek Δέμα). Incomplete (?) towerless, polygonal wall, 4.3 km in length with numerous sally gates and two watchtowers that, at Ano Liosia, sealed the northern access between Parnes and Aigaleos from Thriasia into the Pedion. Constructed either in 404 BC after the banishment of the Thirty [2] or in 378/375 BC in the Boeotian War [1]. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 M. H. Munn, The Defense of Attica, 1993 2 A. Skias, Τὸ λεγόμενον Δέμα καὶ ἄλλα ἐρείπια [ Tò legómenon Déma kaì álla ereípia], in: ArchE 1919, 35-36. J. P. Adam, L'architecture militaire grec…

[German version] (Περγασή/ Pergasḗ; Demoticon Περγασῆθεν/ Pergasêthen). Attic Mesogeia deme of the Erechtheis phyle, divided into upper and lower P. (Π. καθύπερθεν/ P. kathýperthen, Π. ὑπένερθεν/ P. hypénerthen) each with two bouleutaí, one part of which went over to the Antigonis phyle in 307/6 BC. According to Aristoph. Equ. 321, P. was on the road from Athens to Aphidna (near modern Chelidonou?). The burial inscription IG II2 7205 is from Varibopi near Tatoï. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography Traill, Attica, 6, 38, 59, 69, 111 Nr. 105f., 126, Tab. 1, 11  Whitehead, Index s.v. P.

[German version] (Ὑβάδαι; Hybádai). Attic mesogeia(?) deme of the phyle Leontis, with two (one)   bouleutaí . Location unknown. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography E. Meyer, s.v. H., RE Suppl. 10, 327 Traill, Attica, 6, 18, 46, 62, 69, 110 no. 57, table 4 Id., Demos and Trittys, 1986, 131.

[German version] (Ἀσσησός; Assēsós). Proto-Greek settlement with Carian name within the territory of the polis of  Miletus (Steph. Byz. s.v. A.), about 6.5 km south-east of the metropolis, home to the important extra-mural sanctuary of  Athena Assesia, which had been burned down by the Lydian king Alyattes in the 6th year of his reign (shortly before 600 BC), but later rebuilt by him at the behest of the Delphian oracle (Hdt. 1,19-22). Town and sanctuary were discovered in 1992 east of the Mengereb…

[German version] (Κεφαλή; Kephalḗ). Attic paralia deme of the phyle Acamantis, nine (12)   bouleutaí , modern Keratea [4. 47]. C.'s eponymous hero, Cephalus [1], was the ancestral hero of the Cephalids, the kings of  Thoricus. Early Mycenaean princely residence at an elevation of 220 m [2], in classical times presumably several settlement centres. Important necropolis (from the geometric period into the 4th cent. BC) in Rudseri [1]. Numerous cults [1. 491; 3], i.a. of Aphrodite [3. 36] and the  Dioscuri (Paus. 1,31,1). Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 H. G. Buchholz, Ein …

[German version] (Ἐρίκεια/ Eríkeia, from ἐρείκη/ Ereíkē, ‘brier’?). Attic asty(?)-deme of the Aegeis phyle, one bouleutes (after 307/6 BC two). Its location determined to be near Kypseli as the finding-place of a decree (IG II2, 1215, beginning of the 3rd cent. BC) in which an unknown deme honours a donor for the repairs to cultic installations. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography Traill, Attica 16, 39 with n. 10, 59, 70, 74 n. 10, 110 no. 42, table 2 Whitehead Index s.v. E.

[German version] (Μαραθών; Marathṓn). Large Attic paralia deme of the Aeantis phyle, 10 (?) bouleutai , in a flat coastal area in the east of Attica, capital of the Attic Tetrapolis (M., Oenoe, Probalinthus, Tricorynthus), not identical with modern Marathonas. The name is pre-Greek. There are important prehistoric, ancient and early Christian remains at various sites on the plain (map [10. 223 fig. 271]): Neolithic and Early Helladic settlement near Nea Makri (Probalinthus?) [8; 9; 10. 219],…

[German version] (Λεωντίς; Leōntís, epigraphically Λεοντίς; Leontís). Since the reform of phyles of Cleisthenes in 508/7 BC, the fourth of ten phyles of Attica (IG II2 417, 478, 1742, 1744, 1752, 1926, 2409, 2818); eponymous hero Leos (Λεώς; Leṓs) in Paus. 1,5,2. In the 4th cent. BC the L. comprised 20 demes, of which seven were in the asty-trittys Scambonidae, four in the paralia-trittys Phrearrhii and nine in the mesogaia-trittys Hecale(?). Five demes changed over from 307/6 to 201/20 BC to the Macedonian phyles of Antigonis and Demetrias. In 224/3 BC, Hecale w…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Attica (Τρινέμεια; Trinémeia). Attic mesogeia deme, of the Cecropis phyle, two bouleutaí, at the source of the Cephissus [2] (Str. 9,1,24) to the northeast of modern Kifissia in the valley of the modern Kokkinaras. An ephebe ( Ephēbeía ) from T. (IG II2 1028 col. III Z. 143) is an addendum to the list of the Cecropis phyle, but this does not attest to a second T. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography Traill, Attica 51, 69, 85, 112 No. 140, 122, Tab. 7.

[German version] (Συπαληττός/ Sypalēttós). Attic mesogeia deme of the Cecropis phyle, with two bouleutaí. The site of the Lex sacra IG I3 245 (470/460 BC) locates S. at Nea Ionia (formerly Kukuvaones) to the north of Athens. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography Traill, Attica, 10 f., 51, 68, 85, 112 Nr. 132, 121, Tab. 7  Whitehead, Index s. v. S.

[German version] (Κηττός; Kēttós). Attic asty [2] or mesogeia deme [3] of the phyle Leontis, three (four) bouleutaí. Inscriptions confirm neither the location near Daphni [2] nor the one in the region north-east of Menidi [3. 174f.]. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Traill, Attica, 18, 43, 62, 68, 110 no. 66, table 4 2 J. S. Traill, Demos and Trittys, 1986, 81 fn. 7, 130 3 E. Vanderpool, The Acharnanian Aqueduct, in: Χαριστήριον εἰς Ἀναστάσιον Κ. Ὀρλάνδον 1, 1965, 166-175.

[German version] (Ἄθμονον; Áthmonon). Attic mesogeia deme of the  phyle Cecropis, later of Attalis; five (six?) bouleutai. In A., which bordered  Phlya in the south (?) (IG II2 2776 Z. 49; [1; 2]), lay the sanctuary of Artemis Amarysia (Paus. 1,31,5), whose name lives on in the erstwhile village Marusi (today Amarousio). Here two border stones of the sanctuary (IG I2 865; [2]) were found, as well as a decree of the Athmoneans (IG II2 1203) which relates to the festival of Amarysia, mentions an agon and was set up ‘in the sanctuary’ (of Artemis). Discovery of grave ins…

[German version] (Σκαμβωνίδαι; Skambōnídai). Attic asty deme of the Leontis phyle, from 126/7 AD of the Hadrianis phyle, with three (four) bouleutaí, in the northwest of Athens. The Lex Sacra IG I3 244 of the S. deme records a dḗmarchos [3], an eúthynos ( Eúthynai ), métoikoi , an agora and participation in the synoíkia festival in Athens, possibly also a tamías . Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography Traill, Attica, 18, 44, 59, 62, 68, 112 Nr. 127, Tab. 4, 15  Whitehead, Index s. v. S.

[German version] (Ἀγρυλή; Agrylḗ). Attic   asty-deme (upper and lower A.) of the   phyle Erechtheis (trittys Euonymeis), from 306-201 BC of the  Antigonis, after 200 BC of the Attalis, with three to five bouleutai, bordering on  Ancyle (IG II2 2776 l. 58-59 [2. 70]) on the western slopes of the  Hymettus, above the Panathenaean stadion (Harpokr. s. v. Ἀρδηττός/Ardettos, Str. 9,1,24), near the modern Pankrati.  Panathenaea;  Trittyes Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Traill, Attica, 37, 59, 62, 67 ff., 109 no. 3, 4, 123, 125, table 1 2 S. G. Miller, A Roman Monument in the At…

[German version] (Τειχιοῦσσα; Teichioûssa). Fortified settlement in Milesia (from teichióeis 'with high walls': Hom. Il. 2,559; 646), 18 km to the southeast of Miletus [2] on the Basilikos Kolpos (modern Akbük Limanı) on the Saplı Adası peninsula, attested from the 6th cent. BC until the 3rd (IDidyma 6; Archestratus fr. 55; Stratonicus in Ath. 8,351a and b;  Thuc. 8,26; 28), the demotikon T(e)ichiesseís until the Imperial Period. In the 5th cent. T. was a member of the Delian League (ATL 1, 553 f.). Finds from between the 8th and 3rd cents. BC are recorded, after that T. was abandoned. Loh…

[German version] (Οἶον Κεραμεικόν/ Oîon kerameikón). Attic mesogeia deme of the phyle of Leontis. From 307/6 to 224/3 BC it belonged to the phyle of Demetrias; with one bouleutḗs. The suffix kerameikón (Harpocr. s.v. O.) indicates the proximity to the deme of Cerameis and to the Kerameikos [1. 44 with note 17]. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Traill, Attica, 8, 44, 62, 69, 105, 111 nr. 96, 14, table 4, 12. J.S. Traill, Demos and Trittys, 1986, 131, 148f.  Whitehead, Index s.v. O.

[German version] (Ἰλισός/ Ilisós, Ἰλισσός/ Ilissós). One of the two main rivers of the plain of Athens (Str. 9,1,24), the other being the  Cephis(s)us [2]. Having its source on the north-western slope of the  Hymettus it turned towards the southwest at the southern edge of Athens (today completely built over and as in antiquity seasonal). It is disputed whether the I. emptied itself into the sea at Phalerum or into the Cephisus north of Piraeus [2. 164 fig. 213]. The Eridanus (Paus. 1,19,5) was a tri…

[German version] (Ἠετιώνεια; Ēetiṓneia, Ἠτιώνεια; Ētiṓneia). Narrow peninsula that borders the main harbour ( Kántharos) of Piraeus on the northwest (Harpocr. s.v. E.). In 411 BC ‘the 400’ had the wall on the Eetionia made into a fort of the Piraius fortification (Munichia,  Athens [1]) (Aristot. Ath. Pol. 37; Thuc. 8,90-92). Its reconstruction after the razing in 404 is attested by construction documents of 395/4 or 394/3 BC on the base of the Hellenistic Eetionia wall (IG II2 1656, 1657; [1. 28; 3. 21ff. No. 1, 2]). Restored in 337/6 BC (in stone?) (IG II2 244; [3. 36ff. No. 10]). T…

[German version] (ἄστυ; ásty). In a general sense, it means ‘town’ (also physically, in contrast with   polis = citizenry), in  Attica, it refers in a stricter sense to  Athens. In the classical period, of a total of 139 demes, about 42 belonged to the asty (one to eight per phyle, in three phyles -- Aeantis, Antiochis, and Pandionis -- the asty-trittys consisted of only one deme each) [2. table 1-10, map 1]. The asty demes were largely rural in character; only for a small number of them can a dense urban habitat be assumed [1. 37]. They supplied a total of about 130 bouleutai to the   boule …

[German version] (Δειραδιῶται; Deiradiôtai). Attic paralia deme of the Leontis phyle, from 307/6 to 201/0 BC of the Antigonis ( Potamos Deiradiotae). Two   bouleutai . Finds of a gravestone and a mortgage marker stone (IG II2, 2650, 5965) at Daskalio locate D. on the south-east coast of Attica east of Keratea. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography Traill, Attica 44, 65, 68, 110 no. 31, tables 4, 11 Id., Demos and Trittys, 1986, 131.

[German version] (Κυδαθήναιον; Kydathénaion, Κυδαθηναιείς; Kydathenaieís). Great and only asty-deme of the phyle Pandionis, from 307/6 to 201 BC of Antigonis, had 11 (12) bouleutaí; in the centre of Athens north of the Acropolis to the Eridanus, west to the Agora. For the 5th cent. BC there is evidence of a sanctuary and thiasotai of Hercules on the Eridanus. The tanneries ibid. (IG II2 1556, 33ff.; 1576, 5ff.; SEG 18, 36 B9) are considered by Lind [1] to be the cause of the enmity felt by  Aristophanes [3] towards the tannery owner Cleon; both originate fr…

(Σαλμώνη/ Salmṓnē). [German version] [1] City in Elean Pisatis City in Elean Pisatis. Location disputed, possibly near modern Néraïda, 12 km north of Olympia (Str. 8,3,31; Diod. Sic. 4,68,1). Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) [German version] [2] Main source of the Enipeus [1] Main source of the Enipeus [1] (Str. 8,3,32). Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography G. Panayotopoulos, Questions sur la topographie éléenne ..., in: A.D. Rizakis (ed.), Αρχαία Αχαΐα και Ελεία. Ανακοινώσεις κατά το Πρώτο Διεθνές Συμπόσιο (Athens 1989), 1991, 275-281.

[German version] (Ἀντινοείς; Antinoeís). Attic deme of the phyle  Hadrianis (IG II2 1793), which was founded in AD 126/27, probably after the death of  Antinous [2] in AD 130; it was located in that part of Athens which had been founded by  Hadrianus. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography Traill, Attica, 31 n. 18, 109 (no. 16), table 15.

[German version] (Ἀκαμαντίς; Akamantís). Since the reforms of the phyles by  Cleisthenes, fifth of the ten Attic phyles (IG II/III2 1700 ff.); eponymous hero  Acamas. In the 4th cent. BC, it comprised five   asty , three   paralia and five   mesogeia demes. In 308/7 BC, three of them changed over to the Macedonian phyles of Antigonis and  Demetrias; following their dissolution in 201/200 BC, they rejoined A.  Prospalta changed over to the  Ptolemais in 224/3 BC,  Hagnus to the  Attalis in 201/0 BC, Eitea to the  Hadr…

[German version] (Ναύλοχον/ Naúlochon). Port of the early Hellenistic new foundation of Priene (Plin. HN 5,113: oppidum Naulochum), for which Scyl. 98 records two harbours, one of which was a λιμὴν κλειστός/ limḗn kleistós (‘closed harbour’). Because the edge of the delta of the river Maeander [2] had almost reached Priene in about 350 BC [1], N. must have been to the west of Priene. A dedicatory inscription to the heros Naolochos at the Gate of the Spring in Priene (IPriene 196) indicates that the road to N. probably left from…

[German version] (Αἰγάλεως; Aigáleōs). Range of hills (up to 458 m) between the plains of Athens and of  Eleusis (Thuc. 2,19; in parts belonging to the demos  Colonus: FGrH 334 Ister fr. 17), from where  Xerxes in 480 BC observed the naval battle near  Salamis (Hdt. 8,90,4). In ancient times covered by forest (Stat. Theb. 12,620) or maquis (Callim. Fr. 238,23 Pf.; Suda s. v. μᾶσσον; mâsson). Separated from  Parnes by a pass near Fili (formerly Chassia) which is closed off by the so-called Dema, the A. forms a further defile in the south near the monastery of D…

[German version] (Ἀντιγονίς; Antigonís). One of the five Attic  phyles after the reforms by Cleisthenes; formed in 307/6 BC together with  Demetrias in honour of  Antigonus [1] (Plut. Demetr. 10; Diod. Sic. 20,46,2; Poll. 8,110; Steph. Byz. s. v. A.); A. and Demetrias were the first and second phyle at the head of the 10 Cleisthenian phyles; abolished in 201/200 BC. Out of seven Cleisthenian phyles, a total of 15   demoi were incorporated into A. [1. 26 table 11]. No new demes were created, nor was this in any way related to the remarking of deme borders by  rock-hewn horos inscriptions (oppo…

[German version] (Τείθρας/ Teíthras, Τίθρας/ Títhras). Attic paralia(?) deme, Aegeis phyle, four bouleutaí . Decrees of the Teithrasians place T. certainly at modern Pikermi (SEG 21, 520; 542; 24, 151-153). There is evidence of cults of Athena, Zeus, Kore (SEG 24, 542), Heracles [1] and the hero Datylus (SEG 24, 151). A hero T. (schol. Aristoph. Ran. 477) and T. figs (Ath. 14,652f) are mentioned. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography Traill, Attica 5, 41 with note 13, 68, 112 No 133, Table. 2  Whitehead, Index s. v. T.

[German version] (Αἰξωνή; Aixōnḗ). Attic   paralia deme of the phyle  Cecropis (IG II2 2375) at the south-west coast of Attica between Glyphada and Voula [3]. Eight bouleutai [7]. Its western border was marked by the sea, its eastern one by Mount  Hymettus whose slopes were terraced [1; 2. 29 ff.] -- the φελλεῖς ( phelleîs) in IG II2 2492. To the north, Halimus and Euonymon followed. As Hydrussa (modern Prasonisi) was κατὰ τοὺς Αἰξωνέας ( katà toùs Aixonéas, Str. 9,1,21), A. presumably extended to the south up to Ano Vula, where it bordered on Halai Aixonides. Extensive…

[German version] (Κολωνός; Kolōnós, ‘hill’). Attic asty deme of the Aegeis phyle, installed two bouleutaí, according to [4] by the C. [2]. Demotikon ἐκ Κολωνοῦ [6. 7330].  Sophocles came from C. and attests a cult of the eponymous hero C. (Soph. OC 54f., 888f.) [6. 208, 211].  Athens;  Colonae Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 J.M. Camp, Die Agora von Athen, 1989 2 Chr. Habicht, Athen, 1995, 151 3 E. Honigmann, s.v. Kolonos (2), RE 11, 1113f. 4 D.M. Lewis, The Deme of Kolonos, in: ABSA 50, 1955, 12-17 5 Travlos, Athen, 79 6 Whitehead, Index s.v. Kolonos Traill, Attica, 40, 68, 11…

[German version] (Ἀζηνιά; Azēniá). Attic   paralia (?) deme belonging to the phyle of Hippothontis, which had its geographical centre in the Thriasion Pedion and in the area around  Eleusis. Str. 9,1,21 mentions Ἀζηνεῖς as being between Sunium and Anaphlystus, which is, however, to be emended to Ἀτηνεῖς ( Atene) [1.50f.; 3.14450]. The same mistake appears in IG II2 1706 Z. 73 [2. 83]. A location south of Kokkini [3. 13740] is questioned by [1. 50f.]. The Azenieis made dedications to Eleusis (IG II2 3492), and the demos of Eleusis worships an Azenieus (IG II2 3517; 3904),  Carneades b…

[German version] (Παραλία). Originally the coastal region of Attica, also more generally the region to the east of Mt. Hymettus. After the constitutional reforms of Cleisthenes [2] ([5. 157ff.]; Attica, with map), each of the 10 Attic phylai comprised three trittyes (‘thirds’): a city third ( asty), an inland one ( mesogeia) and a coastal one ( paralia), each consisting of demes (Aristot. Ath. Pol. 21,4) [1; 3. 251ff.; 5. 159]. In the Classical period, the 10 paralia trittyes comprised approx. 40 demes [4. 125ff.]. A frontier post between Paralia and Mesogeia in the up…

[German version] (Παμβοτάδαι/ Pambotádai). Attic Paralia (?) deme of the phyle of Erechtheis, from 127/8 AD of the phyle of Hadrianis. Before 307/6 BC, P. took it in turn with Sybridae to provide one bouleutḗs and after 224/3 BC two bouleutaí. Location unknown. Rock inscriptions in the upper Vari valley at Thiti cannot be read as ὅρ(ος) Π(α)μ(βοτάδων)/ hór(os) P(a)m(botádōn) [1; 2. 118]. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 H. Lohmann, Atene, 1993, 58 2 J.S. Traill, Demos and Trittys, 1986, 118, 126. Traill, Attica, 6, 14f., 38, 59, 62, 69, 100f., 111 nr. 102, table 1, 15.

[German version] (Οἶον Δεκελεικόν/ Oîon Dekeleikón). Attic mesogeia deme of the phyle of Hippothontis. From 224/3 BC it belonged to the phyle of Ptolemaïs, from 200 BC to that of Attalis. It provided three bouleutaí. Location: near Bugiati southeast of Decelea, to which OD possibly belonged once (see the phratria inscriptions of the Demotionidae IG II2 1237) [1]. An independent dêmos possibly only after Cleisthenes [2]. Grave inscriptions IG II2 6885-7012; 6990 and 7009 from Bugiati, cf. IG 2558. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 J. Wiesner, s.v. O. (1a), RE Suppl. 7, 788. Traill,…

[German version] (Δίολκος; Dí(h)olkos). Paved trackway for transporting goods and ships between the Saronic Gulf ( Saronikos Kolpos) and the Gulf of  Corinth across the  Isthmus of Corinth at its narrowest point. The diolkos describes a slight southerly curve between the moorings at its ends. It is c. 8 km long, the gradient is a max. 6 % and the track is 1.5 m wide. By connecting the harbours of Cenchreae [2] and  Lechaeum, it strengthened the infrastructure of Corinth, though ancient sources shed no light on its economical significance. A…

[German version] (Πτελέα/ Pteléa; demotikon Πτελεάσιος/ Pteleásios). Small Attic ásty deme, phyle Oineis, with one bouleutḗs. Location uncertain, in the Cephissus Valley near modern Aigaleo north of the sacred road [2. 49] or near Aspropirgos (formerly Kalívia Chasiotika) [1]; IG II2 4927. P. (cf. [3]) is the scene of the comedy Hérōs by Menander [4]. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 E. Meyer, s. v. P., RE 23, 1478 2 Traill, Attica, 49, 70, 112 Nr. 124, Tab. 6 3 Whitehead, 341.

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Attica (Θρία/ Thría). Large Attic paralia deme, chief town of the coastal Trittys (Trittyes), Oineis phyle, from 126/7 AD part of the Hadrianis phyle, seven (eight) bouleutaí; situated in the plain of Eleusis [1] named after T. ( Thriásion pedíon) at modern Aspropyrgos (formerly Kalyvia) 5 km to the northeast of Eleusis (cf. [3]); an aqueduct led from the Parnes to T. IG II2 2500 (found in Eleusis) relates to an agora, to which the Thriasians and the Eleusinians had access. From T. itself there are no re…

[German version] (Ἱπποτο/αμάδαι; Hippoto/amádai). Attic asty?-deme of the phyle Oeneis, from 307/6 BC until 201/200 BC of Demetrias, with one bouleutḗs. Location unknown. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography E. Meyer, s.v. H., RE Suppl. 10, 325f. Traill, Attica, 9, 19, 49, 62, 70, 110 no. 56, table 6, 12 Id., Demos and Trittys, 1986, 133.

[German version] (Θράσυμος; Thrásymos). Significant mining area in the Attic deme of Sunium in Laurium, connected with other mining areas by roads, located in the Botsari valley on account of the site where IG II2 2638 was found . Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography H. Lohmann, Atene, 1993, Index s. v. Th., ill. 12.

[German version] (Πρασία/ Prasía, Πρασίαι/ Prasíai). Attic paralia deme, phyle Pandionis, three bouleutaí. P. and Stiria lay on the Bay of Porto Raphti (modern Limen Mesogeias), where the place name has survived as Pras(i)as (Str. 9,1,22; Thuc. 8,95,1; Liv. 31,45,10; Steph. Byz. s. v. Π.; [4. 67 ff.]). Settlement remains can be found in the boundaries of Natso [1; 2]. Paus. 1,31,1 records a Temple of Apollo, IG II2 4977 a cult of the Heraclides. In 286/5 BC, P. and Stiria were relocated to the Coronea peninsula and fortified [3; 4]; in 262 BC, the Macedonians took the fortress by storm. Lohman…

[German version] (Οἰνηίς/ Oinēís). After Cleisthenes' [2] phyle reform (508/7 BC) the sixth of the ten Attic phylai, with eponymous hero Οἰνεύς/ Oineús (Paus. 1,5,2). In the 4th cent. it had thirteen dḗmoi, eight in the asty trittys, two (?) in the paralia trittys, and four in the mesogeia trittys. Three dḗmoi switched in 307/6-201/0 BC to the Macedonian phyle of Demetrias, Butadae in 224/3 to Ptolemaïs, Tyrmeidae in 201/200 to Attalis, and Thria in 127/8 AD to Hadrianis. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography Traill, Attica, 9, 19f., 23, 28, 48ff., 55, 57, 71, 102, 105f., 133, table 6  J.S.…

[German version] (Κίκυννα; Kíkynna). Attic mesogeia deme of the phyle  Acamantis, two (three) bouleutai. Only one deme of C. is verifiable [1. 83; 3. 20]. Its location is uncertain (Chalidou? [1. 48; 2]). Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Traill, Attica, 19, 48, 59, 68, 83, 110 no. 67, table 5 2 J. S. Traill, Demos and Trittys, 1986, 132 3 Whitehead, Index s.v. K.

[German version] (Αἰγηίς; Aigēís). Following the reforms by  Cleisthenes A. was the second of the ten Attic phyles (IG II/III2 1740 ff.), named after the eponymous hero  Aegeus. In the 4th cent. BC, Aegeis comprised the following demes: eight   asty- , five   paralia- and eight   mesogeia . In 308/7 BC, four of those changed over to the Macedonian phyles of  Antigonis or  Demetrias; following their dissolution in 201/200 BC, they rejoined the A.  Cydantidae transferred in 224/3 BC to the  Ptolemais,  Icarium in 201/200 BC t…

[German version] (Ἱπποθοντίς; Hippothontís). Since Cleistenes' reform of the phyles, the 8th of 10 phyles of Attica; eponymous hero Hippothoon. At the time of the 10 phyles in the 4th cent. BC, the H. comprised 17 (6? asty-, 7? paralia, 4? mesogeia-) demes [1. 11f., 51f., 102] primarily around Eleusis and in north-west Attica; several are not located [1. map]. In 307/6 BC Coele and Oenoe (modern Myupolis) changed to the Demetrias, Auridae or Corydallus to the Antigonis, in 224/3 BC Oion Dekeleikon and Oenoe (from the Demetrias) to the …

[German version] (Κρωπίδαι; Krōpídai). Attic mesogea deme of the Leontis phyle, a bouleutḗs, also attested as Κρωπιάς or Κρῶπες (Steph. Byz. s.v. Κρωπιά), Κρωπίδης demoticon. Cropia was probably the name of the region [2. 2019]. Κλωπίδαι, which is also attested on inscriptions (Aristoph. Equ. 79) [2], possibly belonged to Aphidna [3. 90f., 116 no. 19; 4. 55, 62]. In 431 BC  Archidamus [1] travelled to Acharnae through C., which is located by [3. 47; 4. 131] to the west of Ano Liosia (Thuc. 2,19). With Eupyr…

[German version] (Προβάλινθος/ Probálinthos, with the demoticon Προβαλίσιος/ Probalísios). Attic paralia deme of the phyle Pandionis [2], from 200 BC of the phyle Attalis, with five bouleutaí; name pre-Greek; on the eastern coast of Attica at modern Nea Makri, where there is also a significant Neolithic settlement [1; 2]. P., Marathon, Oenoe [5] and Tricory(n)thus formed the cult union of the Tetrapolis of Marathon (Str. 8,7,1; IG II2 2933). At the time of Pliny in the 1st cent. AD, P. had been depopulated (Plin. HN 4,24). Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 M. Pantelidou-Gopha, Η ν…

[German version] (Λακιάδαι; Lakiádai). Attic deme, gave its name to the asty trittys of the phyle Oeneis (IG I3 1120), with two (three) bouleutaí; originally the name of an Attic family. Steph. Byz. s.v. Λ. transmits Λακιά as a place name, with the demoticon Λακιεύς. Its location on the Sacred Road east of the Cephis(s)us [2] is confirmed by Paus. 1,37,2, who (ibid.) attests a temenos of the eponymous hero Lacius, the grave of the kithara player Nicocles of Tarentum, an altar to Zephyrus and a sanctuary to Demeter, Kore, Athena and Poseidon. The sacred fig tr…

[German version] (Ὑμηττός; Hymēttós, name pre-Greek [17]). Mountain in Attica, modern Imittos, earlier Trelovuni, Turkish Deli Dağ (height 1027 m). H., which is mostly deforested today, consists of Triassic limestone, micaceous slate, marble and other metamorphites [19]. It isolates the pedíon of Athens in the south-east from the Attic mesógaia. From the defile between Pentelicon and H. near Stavro in the north it stretches over 22 km to the Saronic Gulf by Cape Zoster in the south [14]. The gorge of Pirnari separates the northern ‘great H.’ (μέγας Ὑ./ mégas H.) from the southern ‘…

[German version] (μεσόγεια, mesógeia), the inland area of Attica. Since Cleisthenes' reform of the tribes [4. 157ff.], each of the ten Attic phýlai consisted of one trittýs (‘third’) each of dḗmoi from a sty, m esógeia and p aralia (Aristot. Ath. Pol. 21,4) [1; 2. 251ff.; 4. 159]. In classical times the 10 mesógeia trittýes included approximately 47 dḗmoi [3. 125ff.]. Attica (with map); Demos [2] Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 M. H. Hansen, Asty, M. and Paralia, in: CeM 41, 1990, 51-54 2 P. J. Rhodes, A Commentary on the Aristotelian Athenaion Politeia, 1981 3 J. S. Traill, Demos and …

[German version] (Ὄα/ Óa, Ὀά/ Oá; demotikon Ὀα(ι)εύς/ Oa(i)eús, Ὄαθεν/Ó athen or Οἴαθεν/ Oíathen [1]). Attic mesogeia deme of the phyle of Pandionis, and from 1AD 27/8 of the Hadrianis, with four bouleutaí. Finds of funerary inscriptions point to the neighbourhood of Spata: IG II2 7820 (FO Papangelaki), IG II2 7816, 7817, 7825 (FO Velanideza). For métoikoi in O. cf. [2. 84]. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 S. Dow, The Attic Demes Oa and Oe, in: AJPh 84, 1963, 166-181 2 Whitehead, Index s.v. O. Traill, Attica, 8, 17f., 42 with notes 14, 43, 62, 68, 111 no. 91 pl. 3, 15  J.S. Traill, Demos…

[German version] (Λειψύδριον; Leipsýdrion). Town on the Parnes in the Attic deme of Paeonidae [2], fortified by the Alcmaeonidae shortly before [3] or after the murder of Hipparchus in 514 BC in the battles with the Peisistratidae. Identification uncertain. The fortress near modern Karagufolesa supposed to be L. dates to the 4th/3rd cents. BC [1]. Sources: Hdt. 5,62,2; Aristoph. Lys. 665 with schol.; Aristot. Ath. Pol. 19,3. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 J. R. McCredie, Fortified Military Camps in Attica (Hesperia Suppl. 11), 1966, 58ff. fig. 11 pl. 12d 2 P. J. Rhodes, A Commen…

[German version] (Ἐπιεικίδαι; Epieikídai). Attic asty or mesogeia deme of the phyle Cecropis. One  bouleutes. In the years 303/2 and 281/0 BC, E. was without council representative. The location is unknown. Trittys-affiliation uncertain [1. 135, 13533]. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 J. S. Traill, Demos and Trittys, 1986. Traill, Attica 11, 20, 51, 62, 70, 110 no. 39, table 7 Whitehead, 266, 372, 379, 428.

[German version] (Ἀμφιτροπή; Amphitropḗ). Attic   paralia deme of the phyle  Antiochis (IG II2 1750). Two bouleutai. From [3] onwards localized near Metropisi, nowadays in the Legrena valley with the deme's centre at Sinterina-Pussipelia [1. 88 ff.]. Its borders with  Atene in the west on Mount Megalo Baphi, and with  Sounion in the east on Mount Spitharopussi are marked by rock-hewn   horos inscriptions [1. 54; 2 (new find in 1994)]. A. with its evidence of eight to nine mines was one of the smaller exploitation areas ( Mining) of  Laurion. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 H. Lo…

[German version] (Ἀχερδοῦς; Acherdoús, from ἄχερδος; ácherdos, thorn bush,  Achradus). Attic   paralia(?)-deme of the phyle  Hippothontis, 1 bouleutes. Localization uncertain [1. 23 (near Goritsa); 2. 217 (near Eleusis or Decelea); 3. 137], obviously within the region of Thriasia. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 A. Milchhoefer, Erläuternder Text, in: E. Curtius, J. A. Kaupert (ed.), Karten von Attika 7-8, 1895, 23 2 Id., s. v. A., RE 1 3 J. S. Traill, Demos and Trittys, 1986. Traill, Attica, 52, 109 no. 2, table 8 Whitehead, 23, 336, 372.

[German version] (Αὐρίδαι; Aurídai). Attican paralia(?)-deme belonging to the phyle of Hippothontis, and later possibly that of Antigonis; one bouleutes [1. 106]. The location is unknown, but was probably in Thriasion Pedion. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 J. S. Traill, Diakris, the inland trittys of Leontis, in: Hesperia 47, 1978, 89-109 2 Id., Attica, 12, 27, 52, 70, 109 (no. 22), table 8, 11.

[German version] (Δεκέλεια; Dekéleia). Attic Mesogeia deme of the Hippothonti phyles; four  bouleutai. Part of the Attic Dodecapolis (Str. 9,1,20). In the former royal palace gardens of Tatoï (Thuc. 7,19,2) 120 stadiums north of Athens and south of the pass which, to the south-east of the Katsimidi, leads to Oropus and Tanagra (Thuc. 7,28,1; Hdt. 9,15). In 413 BC, the Spartans fortified D. (Thuc. 7,19,2; [1. 15 fig. 7; 3. 56f.; 4. 141f.]; hence the name of the ‘Decelean War’); they occupied D. until …

[German version] (Τετράπολις/ Tetrápolis, 'four-city'). Cult association of the Attic dêmoi of Marathon (capital), Oenoe[5], Probalinthus and Tricory(n)thus (Str. 8,7,1) on the eastern coast of Attica, founded by Xuthus (Str. 8,7,1); surviving prehistoric settlements at modern Nea Makri (Probalinthus), Plasi (cf. Marathon) and Kato Souli (cf. Tricorynthus), middle Helladic and early Mycenaean necropolis of a local dynasty in Vrana [1]. As (pre-Greek) Hyttenia T. was part of the Attic Dōdekápolis ('twelve-city', Str. 9,1,20) and sent festal legations from the Deli…

[German version] (Σαλαμίνιοι; Salamínioi). Athenian génos from Salamis [5], which was divided into the 'S. of Seven Phyles' and the 'S. in Sunium'. In the 4th cent. BC, it primarily acted as a cult alliance in charge of some of the oldest cults in the polis (Athena Skiras, Aglaurus, Pandrosus, Ge Kourotrophos among others). Both branches had sanctuaries of Heracles, one in Sunium, the other 'on the Porthmus', that is, the strait of Salamis ([4]; pace [1; 2; 3]) where, along with Phalerum and Athens, the cultic activities of the S. were concentrated. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 W. …

[German version] (Βῆσ(σ)α; Bês(s)a). Attic   paralia-deme of the phyle Antiochis, later Hadrianis. Two bouleutai. Significant mining district in  Laurion, for which 24 mining leases are attested. Probably located near today's Hagios Konstantinos (formerly Kamareza), as Xen. Vect. 4,43 recommends the construction of a fortification on the highest point of B. (= Vigla Rimbari?) halfway between Anaphlystus and Thoricus. In the south, therefore, B. adjoined Amphitrope; in the north, Thoricus; in the east and south-east, Sunium, to which it was linked by the astikè hodós. Road conne…

[German version] (Κόπρος; Kópros). Attic paralia-deme of the phyle Hippothontis, with two bouleutaí. Probably identical with the synonymous (river?) island (νῆσος τῆς Ἀττικῆς, Schol. Aristoph. Equ. 899; Hsch. s.v. Κ.), but not identical with Gaiduronisi (Patroklu Charax) [1]. [2. 52; 3. 178; 4] assume that C. was located east of Eleusis. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 E. Honigmann, s.v. Kopros, RE XI 2, 1365f. 2 Traill, Attica 21 with n. 26bis, 52, 69, 111 no. 74, table 8 3 Travlos, Attika 4 E. Vanderpool, New Evidence for the Location of the Attic Deme Kopros, …

[German version] (Βουτάδαι; Boutádai). Attic   asty deme of the phyle Oenieis, later of the Ptolemais; one bouleutes; of uncertain location, but the connection of the  Eteoboutadai with the Scirophoria and the town quarter of Sciron suggests a position of B. at the Holy Way near Laciadae and the Cephisus. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography Traill, Attica 9,48,62,69,109 (no. 27), table 6,13.

[German version] (Παιανία/ Paianía). Great Attic mesogeia deme of the phyle Pandionis in Liopesi (today again P.), divided into Upper P. (Π. καθύπερθεν/ P. kathýperthen) with one bouleutḗs and Lower P. (Π. ὑπένερθεν/ P. Hypénerthen) with eleven bouleutaí (Harpocr. s.v. Παιανιεῖς). In 307/6 BC, Upper P. changed over to Antigonis. The deme decree IG I3 250 (450/430 BC; FO: Liopesi) [2. 385 No. 83] of Lower P., which mentions a quorum of 100 dēmótai [2. 95], attests to the harvest festival of Pr(o)ērosía [2. 196f.] and hieropoioí ('cult officials') [2. 142, 183]. For the cult of …

[German version] (Ἀχραδοῦς; Achradoús). According to Steph. Byz. s. v. A., Attic deme. Ἀχραδούσιος/ Achradoúsios (Aristoph. Eccl. 362) is explained as a travesty of  Acherdus [1. 336], but A. is also verified in IG II2 2776 Z. 195, possibly as a dependent   kome of  Ionidae [2. 53]. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Whitehead 2 H. Lohmann, Atene, 1993.

[German version] (Ἁγνοῦς; Hagnoûs, originally Ἀγνοῦς; Agnoûs). Attic mesogeia deme of the Acamantis phyle, from 307/6 BC of Demetrias, from 200/199 BC of Attalis; it provided five   bouleutaí . Formerly located near Dankla east of Markopoulo [1. 48], now to the southwest near Dardiste [2. 132], on the basis of the finding-place of the deme decree IG II2 1083 attributed erroneously in this collection to Myrrhinus. Leon, who had betrayed to Theseus the ambush of the Pallantids at Gargettus, was accorded a cult in H. (Steph. Byz. s.v. Ἁ.) [3. 12]. The o…

[German version] (Σφηττός; Sphēttós). Attic mesogeia deme of the Acamantis phyle, with five (seven) bouleutaí, counted part of the Attic Dodekapolis (Str. 9,1,20), and located, on the basis of honorary inscriptions by the  Sphettii for Demetrius [4] (SEG 25, 206), in the northwest of Coropi; the Bronze Age fortress Kastro tou Christou is situated here [1]. The Sphēttía Hodós ('S. Road' ) connected S. with Athens [2]. The Sphettii were considered witty (Aristoph. Plut. 720). Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 R. Hope Simpson, Mycenaean Greece, 1981, 50 B 33 2 Ch. Korres, Σφηττία…

[German version] (Παιονίδαι/ Paionídai). Attic mesogeia deme of the Leontis phyle on the Parnes, with three bouleutaí. According to Hdt. 5,62, the fortress of Leipsydrium (which has not yet been located), was above P. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography Traill, Attica, 47, 62, 68, table 4  J.S. Traill, Demos and Trittys, 1986, 55, 63, 130  Whitehead, Index s.v. P.

[German version] (Κεκροπίς; Kekropís). After the phyle reforms of  Cleisthenes [2] the seventh of the 10 phyles of Attica ( Attica with map); its eponymous hero:  Cecrops. At the time of the 10 phyles, C. comprised 11 (four asty, five mesogeia, and two paralia) demes. From 307/6 to 201/0 BC, Daedalidae, Melite and Xypete changed over to Demetrias. In line with the other Cleisthenian phyles, C. transferred one deme each to the phyles of Ptolemaïs (224/3 BC), Attalis (200 BC), and Hadrianis (AD 127/8). Instead of eight, only six demes appear in the list of prytanes IG II2 1782 of AD 177/8. …