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Onatas

(391 words)

Author(s): Neudecker, Richard (Rome) | Michel, Simone (Hamburg)
(Ὀνάτας; Onátas). [German version] [1] Bronze sculptor from Aegina, 5th cent. BC Bronze sculptor from Aegina, son of Micon. O. was a contemporary of Hegias [1] and Ageladas and one of the most important masters of the Severe Style. None of his numerous works is extant or secured in the form of copies. His signature is found on a pedestal of a bronze horse on the Athenian Acropolis and a pedestal in Olympia, both from the early 5th cent. BC. In Olympia, O. sculpted a votive offering ( …

Agathangelus

(217 words)

Author(s): Michel, Simone (Hamburg) | Savvidis, Kyriakos (Bochum)
[German version] [1] Gem cutter, 1st cent. BC Gem cutter (1st cent. BC), signed the famous ‘Agathangelus cameo’ with the portrait of a man (carnelian, Berlin, SM) -- it has been debated since the 18th cent. as to whether this is Sextus Pompeius. Michel, Simone (Hamburg) Bibliography Zazoff, AG, 12, 281-283, …

Agathangelos

(195 words)

Author(s): Michel, Simone (Hamburg) | Savvidis, Kyriakos (Bochum)
[English version] [1] Steinschneider, 1. Jh. v. Chr. Steinschneider (1. Jh. v. Chr.), signierte die berühmte ›Agathangelos-Gemme‹ mit dem Portrait eines Mannes (Karneol, Berlin, SM) - seit dem 18. Jh. als Sextus Pompeius diskutiert. Michel, Simone (Hamburg) Bibliography Zazoff, AG, 12, 281-283, Taf. 79,1. [English version] [2] Sekretär des Arsakiden-Königs Tiridates IV., Autor zur Christianisierung Armeniens, 3. Jh. Sekretär des Arsakiden-Königs Tiridates IV. (239-281 n. Chr.). In der A. zugeschriebenen “Geschichte” wird er a…

Dexamenos

(345 words)

Author(s): Kearns, Emily (Oxford) | Michel, Simone (Hamburg)
(Δεξαμενός). [English version] [1] myth. König von Olenos in Achaia Mythischer König von Olenos in Achaia, Gastgeber des Herakles; sein Name deutet darauf hin, daß Gastfreundschaft seine Hauptfunktion in der Erzählung ist. Herakles vergalt seine Gastfreundschaft, indem er D.' Tochter vor den Nachstellungen des Kentauren Eurytion rettete. Die Gesch. findet sich in verschiedenen Versionen: Entweder war D. gezwungen, seine Tochter Mnesimache mit Eurytion zu verloben, der jedoch von Herakles getötet wurde (Apollod. 2,91); oder Eurytion versuchte, D.' Tochter Hippolyte an ihrem Hochzeitsfest zu vergewaltigen, und wurde von Herakles erschlagen (Diod. 4,33); oder Herakles verführte D.' Tochter Deianeira, versprach, sie zu heiraten, tötete dann ihren Freier Eurytion und erfüllte sein Versprechen (Hyg. fab. 31; 33). Nicht nur die letzte dieser Versionen erinnert an Herakles' Rettung von Oineus' Tochter Deianeira vor dem Kentauren Nessos. Erzählungen und Namen finden sich auch auf einer Vase verme…

Herophilos (Ἡρόφιλος)

(802 words)

Author(s): Touwaide, Alain (Madrid) | Michel, Simone (Hamburg)
[1] aus Kalchedon, griech. Arzt und Fachautor, ca. 330/20 - 260/50 v. Chr. …

Onatas

(338 words)

Author(s): Neudecker, Richard (Rom) | Michel, Simone (Hamburg)
(Ὀνάτας). [English version] [1] Bronzebildner aus Aigina, 5. Jh. v. Chr. Sohn des Mikon, Bronzebildner aus Aigina. O. war Zeitgenosse von Hegias [1] und Ageladas und einer der wichtigsten Meister des Strengen Stils. Keines seiner zahlreichen Werke ist erh. oder in Kopien gesichert. Seine Signatur findet sich auf einer Basis für ein Bronzepferd von der Athener Akropolis und einer Basis in Olympia, beide aus dem frühen 5. Jh.v.Chr. In Olympia schuf O. um 470-460 v.Chr. für die Achaier eine Weihegabe ( anáthēma ) mit Nestor und neun troianischen Helden bei…

Solon

(2,951 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Bowie, Ewen (Oxford) | Michel, Simone (Hamburg)
(Σόλων/ Sólōn). [1] S. of Athens Poet, legislator, c. 600 BC [German version] I. Life griech. Gesetzgeber, um 600 v. Chr. S. (b. c. 640 BC), an Athenian of the family of the Medontidae, supposedly related through the maternal line with Peisistratus [4], the most important Greek legislator (alongside the legendary Spartan Lycurgus [4]) of the Archaic period and the first prominent Athenian poet. S. first emerged around 600 BC, when he successfully appealed for the conquest of Salamis [1] during the conflict with Megara…

Eutyches

(362 words)

Author(s): Michel, Simone (Hamburg) | Gatti, Paolo (Trento) | Rist, Josef (Würzburg)
(Εὐτύχης; Eutýchēs). …

Hyllus

(747 words)

Author(s): Scherf, Johannes (Tübingen) | Michel, Simone (Hamburg) | Kaletsch, Hans (Regensburg)
(Ὕλλος; Hýllos). [German version] [1] Son of Heracles and Deianira Son of  Heracles and  Deianira; brother of Macaria. Ctesippus, Glenos and Oneites (Hes. fr. 25,19 M-W; Apollod. 2,165 Wagner) or Gleneus and Odites (Diod. Sic. 4,37,1) have been named as his brothers and Euaichme (Hes. fr. 251b M-W) as his daughter. Heracles asks him to burn his body on a pyre on Mount Oeta and to marry Iole (Soph. Trach. 1179-1258; (Ps.-)Sen. Hercules Oetaeus 1481-1491). After his father's death, he and th…

Aspasius

(588 words)

Author(s): Sharples, Robert (London) | Bowie, Ewen (Oxford) | Michel, Simone (Hamburg)
[German version] [1] Commentator on Aristotle Commentator on Aristotle, 1st half of the 2nd cent. AD; teacher of  Herminus. His works were read in the school of Plotinus (Porph. Vita Plotini 14). A.' commentary on the ‘Nicomachean Ethics [1] is the earliest surviving extended commentary on an Aristotelian text, and influenced the treatment of the ‘common books’ 5-7 as Nicomachean; although the theory in [2. 29-36] that he was responsible for the inclusion of these books has been questioned by the ‘Eudemian Ethics. A. ascribed only instrumen…

Sphragis

(481 words)

Author(s): Michel, Simone (Hamburg) | Gärtner, Hans Armin (Heidelberg) | Fitschen, Klaus (Kiel)
(σφραγίς/ sphragís, literally  Seal). …

Eutyches

(317 words)

Author(s): Michel, Simone (Hamburg) | Gatti, Paolo (Trient) | Rist, Josef (Würzburg)
(Εὐτύχης). [English version] [1] Steinschneider, 1. Jh. Steinschneider des 1. Jh. n.Chr., signierte als “Sohn des Dioskurides aus Aigeai” den Bergkristall mit Athenabüste (Berlin, SM), nach einer Statue der Athena von Velletri. Athena von Velletri; Gemmen- u. Kameenschneider Michel, Simone (Hamburg) Bibliography Zazoff, AG, 31770, 331 Taf. 92,3 AGD II, Berlin 169 Taf…

Hyllos

(687 words)

Author(s): Scherf, Johannes (Tübingen) | Michel, Simone (Hamburg) | Kaletsch, Hans (Regensburg)
(Ὕλλος). [English version] [1] Sohn des Herakles und der Deianeira Sohn des Herakles und der Deianeira, Bruder der Makaria. Als seine Brüder werden Ktesippos, Glenos und Oneites (Hes. fr. 25,19 M-W; Apollod. 2,165 Wagner) oder Gleneus und Odites (Diod. 4,37,1)…

Scopas

(1,000 words)

Author(s): Neudecker, Richard (Rome) | Ameling, Walter (Jena) | Michel, Simone (Hamburg) | Strobel, Karl (Klagenfurt)
(Σκόπας/ Skópas). [German version] [1] Sculptor from Paros, mid 4th cent. BC Sculptor from Paros, active in the mid 4th cent. BC, working mostly in marble and very occasionally in bronze. In the opinion of the ancient world, S. was one of the most important masters of Greek sculpture. Written records ascribe to him approximately 25-30 individual works and major projects, which should probably be allotted to several sculptors with the same name of different generations. The extant pediment sculptures from th…

Athenion

(484 words)

Author(s): Olshausen, Eckart (Stuttgart) | Meister, Klaus (Berlin) | Michel, Simone (Hamburg) | Ameling, Walter (Jena) | Bäbler, Balbina (Göttingen)
(Ἀθηνίων; Athēníōn). [German version] [1] Peripatetic rhetorician in Athens Peripatetic rhetorician in Athens (different from  Aristion [1. 341-343]), only known from the polemic party of  Posidonius (FGrH 87 fr. 36). Sent from Athens to  Mithridates VI in 88 BC, taken up by him among his φίλοι ( phíloi, friends), he won the support of the people with Mithridates' support and had as στρατηγὸς ἐπὶ τὰ ὅπλα ( strategòs epì tà hópla) a decisive influence on Athenian politics (‘tyrant’). A failed raid on Delos seems to have ended his political career. Olshausen, Eckart (Stuttgart) Bibliog…

Protarchus

(265 words)

Author(s): Nesselrath, Heinz-Günther (Göttingen) | Dorandi, Tiziano (Paris) | Zimmermann, Bernhard (Freiburg) | Ameling, Walter (Jena) | Michel, Simone (Hamburg)
(Πρώταρχος/ Prṓtarchos). [German version] [1] Comic poet from Thespiae, 1st cent. BC Comic poet from Thespiae, victorious on one occasion in the 1st cent. BC at the Soteria of Acraephia, and son or father of the epic poet Protogenes; otherwise, nothing is known of him. Nesselrath, Heinz-Günther (Göttingen)…

Protarchos

(253 words)

Author(s): Nesselrath, Heinz-Günther (Göttingen) | Dorandi, Tiziano (Paris) | Zimmermann, Bernhard (Freiburg) | Ameling, Walter (Jena) | Michel, Simone (Hamburg)
(Πρώταρχος). [English version] [1] Komödiendichter aus Thespiai, 1. Jh. v. Chr. Komödiendichter aus Thespiai, der im 1. Jh. v. Chr. einmal an den Soteria von Akraiphia siegte und Sohn oder Vater des Ependichters Protogenes war; sonst ist nichts bekannt. Nesselrath, Heinz-Günther (Göttingen) Bibliography PCG VII, 1989, 583. [English version] [2] Epikureer aus Bargilia, 2. Jh. v. Chr. P. aus Bargilia. Lehrer des Demetrios [21] Lakon (Strab. 14,20; 2. Jh. v. Chr.), vielleicht in Milet. Daß er epikureisches Schuloberhaupt des “Gartens” ( kḗpos ) war, ist unwahrscheinlich. Dorandi, …

Athenion

(462 words)

Author(s): Olshausen, Eckart (Stuttgart) | Meister, Klaus (Berlin) | Michel, Simone (Hamburg) | Ameling, Walter (Jena) | Bäbler, Balbina (Göttingen)
(Ἀθηνίων). [English version] [1] peripat. Rhetor in Athen, 1. Jh. v. Chr. …

Felix

(619 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Michel, Simone (Hamburg) | Portmann, Werner (Berlin) | Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) | Fröhlich, Roland (Tübingen) | Et al.
Roman cognomen (‘The Fortunate One’), in the Republican period initially an epithet of the dictator L. Cornelius [I 90] Sulla and his descendants (Cornelius [II 59-61]); in the Imperial period, as a name invoking luck, one of the most common cognomina and the most common slave name.…

Sostratus

(572 words)

Author(s): Höcker, Christoph (Kissing) | Zimmermann, Bernhard (Freiburg) | Fornaro, Sotera (Sassari) | Michel, Simone (Hamburg) | Di Marco, Massimo (Fondi Latina)
(Σώστρατος/ Sṓstratos). [German version] [1] Of Cnidus, Greek architect, 1st half of 3rd cent. BC Son of Dexiphanes of Cnidus; architect of the early Hellenistic period (1st half of 3rd cent. BC), mentioned several times in ancient literature (Plin. HN 36,83; Lucian, Amores 11; Lucian, Hippias 2). He was also diplomatically active, as one of the philoi of Ptolemaeus [3] II (Str. 17,1,6). As well as with various canal constructions linked to the conquest of the Egyptian city of Memphis and buildings at Cnidus and Delphi (FdD III/1 nos. 198 and 299), he is also especially credited with the design of the Pharos of Alexandria (lighthouses), one of the Wonders of the World (Plin. HN 36,83; Suda s. v. φάρος). Höcker, Christoph (Kissing) …

Felix

(582 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Michel, Simone (Hamburg) | Portmann, Werner (Berlin) | Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) | Fröhlich, Roland (Tübingen) | Et al.
Röm. Cognomen (“der Glückliche”), in republikanischer Zeit zunächst Beiname des Dictators L. Cornelius [I 90] Sulla und seiner Nachfahren (Cornelius [II 59-61]); in der Kaiserzeit als glückverheißende Bezeichnung eines der häufigsten Cognomina überhaupt und häufigster Sklavenname. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [1] Steinschneider der röm. Republik Steinschneider aus der Zeit der röm. Republik, wohl Zeitgenosse des Dioskurides [8], zusammen mit Anteros inschr. als gemari de sacra viam genannt [1. 44 u. Anm. 40]. Signierte den berühmten Sardonyx mit Darstellung des Palladionraubes und Besitzerin…

Cleon

(1,003 words)

Author(s): Schmitz, Winfried (Bielefeld) | Neudecker, Richard (Rome) | Ameling, Walter (Jena) | Meister, Klaus (Berlin) | Olshausen, Eckart (Stuttgart) | Et al.
(Κλέων; Kléōn). [German version] [1] The most influential politician in Athens after 430 BC The most influential politician in Athens after 430 BC, as the operator of a tannery was the first important demagogue from the circle of tradesmen who were rising to political leadership. Sources paint a picture of a man who put his loyalty to the people ( dḗmos) before that to his friends, who cleverly exploited the moods prevalent among the people and procured a following for himself by promising material gains. C. opposed  Pericles at the beginning of the Pelo…

Callias

(1,877 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Michel, Simone (Hamburg) | Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Nesselrath, Heinz-Günther (Göttingen) | Et al.
(Καλλίας; Kallías, Ion. Καλλίης; Kallíēs). Common Attic name from the 6th -- 4th cent. BC, especially in the rich priestly family (several dadouchoi) of the Ceryces, which was associated with the cult of Eleusis. C. appears there in alternation with  Hipponicus. Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) [German version] [1] Mythical son of the Heraclid Temenos Mythical son of the Heraclid  Temenus, king of Argos, and the brother of Agelaus, Eurypylus and  Hyrnetho. Since the king preferred Hyrnetho and her husband  Deiphontes to his sons, they had Temenus murder…

Dioscorides

(1,511 words)

Author(s): Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) | Weißenberger, Michael (Greifswald) | Degani, Enzo (Bologna) | Bäbler, Balbina (Göttingen) | Nutton, Vivian (London) | Et al.
(Διοσκουρίδης; Dioskourídēs). [German version] [1] Son of Polemaeus, naval commander in 314-313 BC Son of Polemaeus, nephew of  Antigonus [1] Monophthalmus. Led the fleet to a few victories as naval commander in 314-13 BC. Nothing further is known about his life. Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) Bibliography R. A. Billows, Antigonus the One-Eyed, 1990, 381f. [German version] [2] Polyhistor of the 4th and 3rd cents. BC Polyhistor of the 4th and 3rd cents. BC, pupil of Isocrates (Ath. 1,18,11 A). Of his works, the following titles are known (cf. FGrH 3 B 594): 1. Apomnēmoneúmata (‘Memorabil…

Boethus

(1,274 words)

Author(s): Ameling, Walter (Jena) | Inwood, Brad (Toronto) | Stanzel, Karl-Heinz (Tübingen) | Gottschalk, Hans (Leeds) | Degani, Enzo (Bologna) | Et al.
(Βόηθος; Bóēthos). I. Political figures [German version] [1] Ptolemaean civil servant, 136/5 BC Son of Nicostratus from Caria; in the service of the Ptolemies well before 149 BC, he occupied various administrative positions before becoming epistrategos of Thebes. Founded two cities in Lower Nubia. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography K. Vandorpe, Der früheste Beleg eines Strategen der Thebais als Epistrategen, in: ZPE 73, 1988, 47-50. II. Philosophers and writers [German version] [2] Of Sidon Stoic Philosopher, 2nd cent. BC Stoic philosopher of the 2nd cent. BC; he wrote…

Dioskurides

(1,368 words)

Author(s): Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) | Weißenberger, Michael (Greifswald) | Degani, Enzo (Bologna) | Bäbler, Balbina (Göttingen) | Nutton, Vivian (London) | Et al.
(Διοσκουρίδης). [English version] [1] Sohn von Polemaios, Flottenkommandeur 314-313 v. Chr. Sohn von Polemaios, Neffe von Antigonos [1] Monophthalmos. Als Flottenkommandeur 314-13 v.Chr. erzielte er einige Erfolge. Sein weiteres Schicksal ist unbekannt. Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) Bibliography R.A. Billows, Antigonus the One-Eyed, 1990, 381f. [English version] [2] Polyhistor, 4. und 3. Jh. v. Chr. Polyhistor des 4. und 3. Jh.v.Chr., Schüler des Isokrates (Athen. 1,18,11 A). Von seinen Werken kennen wir folgende Titel (vgl. FGrH 3 B 594): 1. Apomnēmoneúmata (‘Denkwürdigke…

Kleon

(925 words)

Author(s): Schmitz, Winfried (Bielefeld) | Neudecker, Richard (Rom) | Ameling, Walter (Jena) | Meister, Klaus (Berlin) | Olshausen, Eckart (Stuttgart) | Et al.
(Κλέων). [English version] [1] Einflußreichster Politiker in Athen nach 430 v.Chr Einflußreichster Politiker in Athen nach 430 v.Chr., war als Betreiber einer Gerberei der erste bedeutende Demagoge aus dem zur polit. Führung aufsteigenden Kreis von Gewerbetreibenden. Die Quellen zeichnen das Bild eines Mannes, der seine Loyalität zum Volk ( dḗmos) höher stellte als die zu seinen Freunden, die beim Volk vorherrschenden Stimmungen geschickt ausnutzte und sich durch in Aussicht gestellte materielle Gewinne Anhängerschaft beim Volk verschaffte. K.…

Boëthos

(1,193 words)

Author(s): Ameling, Walter (Jena) | Inwood, Brad (Toronto) | Stanzel, Karl-Heinz (Tübingen) | Gottschalk, Hans (Leeds) | Degani, Enzo (Bologna) | Et al.
(Βόηθος). I. Politische Persönlichkeiten [English version] [1] Ptolemäischer Verwaltungsbeamter um 136/5 v. Chr. Sohn des Nikostratos aus Karien; bereits vor 149 v.Chr. in ptolemäischen Diensten durchlief, er verschiedene Verwaltungsämter, bevor er 136/5 Epistratege der Thebais wurde. Gründete zwei Städte in Unternubien. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography K. Vandorpe, Der früheste Beleg eines Strategen der Thebais als Epistrategen, in: ZPE 73, 1988, 47-50. II. Philosophen und Schriftsteller [English version] [2] Von Sidon stoischer Philosoph, 2. Jh. v. Chr. Stoischer …

Apollonius

(7,446 words)

Author(s): Ameling, Walter (Jena) | Fantuzzi, Marco (Florence) | Hunter, Richard (Cambridge) | Pressler, Frank (Heidelberg) | Hidber, Thomas (Berne) | Et al.
(Ἀπολλώνιος; Apollṓnnios). [German version] [1] Dioiketes of Ptolemy II (259-245 BC) Of Caria, possibly Ptolemaic o ikonomos there in 267 BC. Was dioiketes of Ptolemy II from April /May 259 until the end of 245; in 252 escorted Berenice to her wedding to Antiochus II. At a critical transition period A. found himself responsible for the economy of the kingdom of the Ptolemies, adapting the fiscal system to the monetary economy of the Lagids, for which purpose he was entrusted with the management of finances and the co…

Apollonios

(7,226 words)

Author(s): Ameling, Walter (Jena) | Hunter, Richard (Cambridge) | Fantuzzi, Marco (Florenz) | Pressler, Frank (Heidelberg) | Hidber, Thomas (Bern) | Et al.
(Ἀπολλώνιος). [English version] [1] Dioiket Ptolemaios' II. (259-245 v. Chr.) aus Karien (dann vielleicht 267 v. Chr. dort als ptolemäischer Oikonomos?), Dioiket Ptolemaios' II., April /Mai 259 - Ende 245; begleitete 252 Berenike zur Hochzeit mit Antiochos II. A. war in einer wichtigen Umbruchphase verantwortlich für die Wirtschaft des ptolemäischen Königreiches: es ging um Anpassung des Steuersystems an die monetäre Ökonomie der Lagiden; er hatte daher Kompetenzen im Finanz- und Münzwesen, in Steuer- und…
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