Search

[German Version] I. Phenomenology – II. History – III. Dogmatics – IV. Practical Theology – V. Ethics – VI. Orthodox Church – VII. Judaism – VIII. Art History – IX. Asia, Africa, Latin America I. Phenomenology The term liturgy has been used for Christian worship since the end of the 16th century; by the end of the 18th century, it had gained general acceptance. In secular usage, Gk λειτουργία/ leitourgía means work done in public service (from λαός/ laós, “people” [Laity] and ἔργον/ érgon, “work”); the LXX used it for the temple cult. It appears only 15 times in the N…

[German Version] I. General In general a prayer book is a book for laity intended for private use outside the public liturgy of the church; that is the sense in which it will be used here. Of course private prayer has always been practiced: it is …

[German Version] I. Liturgy – II. Art History I. Liturgy The baptismal font shows how baptism was administered: decorations indicate the theological meaning of baptism, and changes in the form of the font point to changes in th…

…

[German Version] The Latin term collatio is used in a variety of senses such as “bringing together,” “gathering,” “bestowing” (thus in Corpus Iuris Canonici, canon 147, for ¶ the conferment of an office), “comparing” (e.g. of a copy with the original). Rhetorics and philosophy employ the term for an amplifying figure of thought that compares two things on account of their similarity until it arrives at a complete comparison on the basis on a metaphorical …

[German Version] The first Losung was given orally on May 3, 1728, by N. v. Zinzendorf of the Moravian Church (Bohemian and Moravian Brethren: II) in the context of evening worship as a watchword for the next day. Every day from then on, the Brethren took the daily watchword given by Zinzendorf to the 32 houses of the Herrnhut community in Saxony, so that it could shape the community's common spiritual life. Zinzendorf chose a verse from the Bible or a line from a hymn. From this initial phase, a written fragment from the year 1729 has survived. The Losungen entered a second phase when they w…

[German Version] During the worship (II, 4) services of apostolic times, it was customary to read from the Old Testament and to give oral accoun…

[German Version] I. Philosophy Traditional epistemology considers reason primarily to be a discursive faculty (Gk διάνοια/ diánoia; λόγος/¶ lógos; Lat. ratio), in part to distinguish it from intellect as an intuitive faculty (Capacity). This distinction also implies a ranking: the discursive faculty either proceeds syllogistically as “demonstration” (ἀπόδειξις/ apódeixis) based on ultimate principles that cannot themselves be deduced by reasoning (Arist. Eth. Nic. 1139b) or else leads to them, roughly in the sense of movement from the presuppositions made by dialectical discourse to “presuppositionless” discourse (…

[German Version] (from Fr. prône, Lat. praeconium), designates a preaching service that developed in the early Middle Ages, at a time when the mass (II) received its main emphasis through increasing piety focused on the sacrifice of the mass and thereby neglected the Word (Eucharist: II, 2). Charlemagne commended regular preaching (II; …

[English Version] I. Liturgisch Am T. ist abzulesen, wie getauft wurde, Verzierungen weisen auf theol. Inhalte, der Formenwandel weist auf liturgische Bedeutungsänderungen hin. Wurde die urchristl. Taufe in einem fließenden Gewässer vermutlich durch Übergießen oder Untertauchen vollzogen, entstanden nachweislich seit ca. dem 3.Jh. Baptisterien, in die ein Becken eingelassen war, in das der Täufling zur Taufe hineinstieg. Seit dem 5./6.Jh. gab es T., die auf dem Boden standen und durch ein Ziborium …

[English Version] . Mit P. (von franz. pro^ne, lat. praeconium) wird ein Predigtgottesdienst bez., der sich im frühen MA ausbild…