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Peteos
(76 words)
[German version] (Πετεώς;
Peteṓs). Mythical king of Athens (Hom. Il. 4,338), son of Orneus (Paus. 2,25,6) and father of Menestheus [1] (Hom. Il. 2,552). Banished by Aegeus from Athens, P. and inhabitants of the deme of Stiria are supposed to have founded the polis of Stiris in Phocis (Paus. 10,35,8). In the Egyptian tradition an Egyptian Petes is supposed to have been Menestheus's father and a ruler of Athens (Diod. 1,28,6). Binder, Gerhard (Bochum)
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Abacus
(548 words)
[German version] Like the Greek ἄβαξ, ἀβάκιον (
ábax,
abákion), Latin
abacus refers to various objects, made from a variety of materials, and which have the characteristics of a ‘platter, board, panel, or slab’: 1. the board used for board games and dice games ( Board games); 2. the platter used for serving food ( Table utensils); 3. a decorative wall panel ( Decorum, wall cladding); 4. the slab covering the capital of a column ( Column). 5. Often,
abacus signifies a dresser or sideboard, most usually for the decorative display of valuable items. Thus Cicero says about Verres:
abaci …
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Agon
(1,143 words)
(ἀγών/
agṓn). [German version] I. Term From the Homeric epics onward,
agon meant a '(place of) assembly' and a '(place of) contest'.
Agon as contest was not restricted to sporting and artistic competitions, but could also denote a legal battle (Dem. Or. 15,30), a difficult challenge (Soph. Trach. 159), a great effort (Hdt. 7,209) or a hazardous ordeal (Xen. Cyr. 3,3,44). Associated terms were used in corresponding ways: ἀγωνίζεσθαι (
agōnízesthai, 'to contend for a prize, to compete'), ἀγωνιστής (
agōnistḗs, 'competitor, combatant'), ἀγώνισμα (
agṓnisma, '(object/prize of) con…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Censorship
(1,640 words)
[German version] I. Definition Censorship -- from Lat.
censura (‘examination’, Middle Latin ‘supervision, reprimand’) -- describes the control (preventative or pre-censorship) and/or the suppression (repressive or post-censorship) of written records, esp. literary ones. In antiquity, censorship was unknown in the sense of a set institution, such as existed later in the age of Absolutism or, if more concealed, in the totalitarian systems of the modern age; however, at certain times and places, it was exe…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Epaenetus
(233 words)
(Επαίνετος;
Epaínetos) [German version] [1] Medicinal plant expert Medicinal plant expert and author of toxicological works, who lived between the 1st cent. BC and the 3rd cent. AD. His views on the dangerous characteristics of wolfbane, hemlock, opium, mandrake, henbane, poisonous mushrooms, black chamaeleon (a plant whose leaves can change colour), of bull's blood, of litharge and of lumpsucker as well as his remedies against these poisons are reported in detail in Ps.-Aelius Promotus'
De venenis (ed. princeps, S. Ihm, 1995). Medicine; Toxicology Nutton, Vivian (London) …
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Age(s)
(2,251 words)
[German version] A. General In contrast to modern ways of thinking and feeling, in ancient cultures there was a more marked tendency to distinguish between separate stages of a person's life (i.e. as a rule the life of a man); the number of such stages and their names, as well as their delimitation, differ widely in the sources. The designations given to people assigned to a particular stage of life are correspondingly vague and therefore often difficult to differentiate. Basically, two kinds of div…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Kiss
(4,070 words)
[German version] I. Typology To create a typology of the kiss in antiquity seems rather difficult, given its many specifications, of which the erotic kiss represents no more than a single facet. Existing approaches barely go beyond collections of material [1; 2; 3]. As far as tradition permits, two main categories can be distinguished: formal kisses (in politics; client relations; cult, religion) and private kisses (in family, kinship, friendship; love relations). Within these main categories and th…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Iatrocles
(282 words)
(Ἰατροκλῆς;
Iatroklês). [German version] [1] Athenian, oligarch, 4th cent. BC Athenian, fled in 411 BC after the pro-democratic uprising of the Athenian fleet off Samos with the trierarch Eratosthenes [1] and others, when the fleet was operating in the Hellespont, to Athens, where he supported the oligarchy (Lys. 12,42). Schmitz, Winfried (Bielefeld) Bibliography Traill, PAA 531050. [German version] [2] Son of Pasiphon, approx. 350 BC Son of Pasiphon, in 348 BC captured by Philippus II during the conquest of Olynthus but then released (Aeschin. Leg. 15-16…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Attic
(1,430 words)
[German version] A. Attic of the older era (until the 5th/4th cents.) Attic, which occupies a paramount position in literature, is verifiable since the end of the 7th cent. through a plethora of inscriptions: private inscriptions, official proclamations, and also inscriptions on vases and ostraca as well as curse tablets (4th-3rd cents.), which in some cases reflect ‘Vulgar Attic’. Since the foundation of the 1st Delian League (478/7) and during the time when Athens stood at the centre of Greek politics, …
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Banquet
(3,705 words)
[German version] I. Egypt and the ancient Orient The central Egyptian sources of information regarding banquets are the depictions of the funerary banquet in the tombs of Theban officials dating from the 18th dynasty (15th -14th cents. BC). The early pictures show the tomb's occupant with his spouse as the host in front of a table loaded with dishes of food and faced by their guests in several rows. Servants adorn them with flowers and bring wine and food, pleasant-smelling ointments and utensils for ha…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly