Search

This item can be found on the following maps: Socii (Roman confederation) | Theatre | Tribus | Caesar | Umbri, Umbria | Christianity | Villanova Culture | Wine | | Coloniae | Etrusci, Etruria | Commerce | Italy, languages | Celts | Latini, Latium | Limes | Natural catastrophes | Pertinax | Phoenicians, Poeni | Pilgrimage | Punic Wars | Punic Wars | Regio, regiones | Rome | Rome | Athletes | Batavian Revolt (Ῥώμη/ Rhṓmē; Lat. imperium Romanum). I. History [German version] A. General remarks The history of Rome, which according to Roman tradition began with its foundation in 753 BC…

(Animal) [German version] I. Ancient Orient In the Ancient Orient and Egypt animal husbandry was always systemically linked with agricultural production (farming), insofar as both were mutually dependent and together formed the basis for society's subsistence. That view was given expression (i.a.) in the Sumerian polemical poem ‘Mother ewe and grain’ [1]. In Mesopotamia the basis of animal husbandry was mainly the keeping of herds of  sheep and to a lesser extent of  goats, which were collectively termed ‘domestic livestock’ (Sumerian u8.udu-ḫia; Akkadian ṣēnu). Sheep were pri…

[German version] I. Republican Period The duty of the cura annonae (CA) lay in the organization of the food supply for the population of the city of Rome. In its fully developed form, the CA designates the collection of grain as a tax (predominantly in Egypt and Northern Africa), the transport of the grain to Rome as well as the storage and free distribution thereof to about 200,000 people in the city. Due to its strong population growth in the 2nd and 1st cents. BC, Rome became increasingly dependent upo…

[German version] Alimenta were special monetary allowances established in the 1st cent. AD for the benefit of Roman children in Italian towns. For this purpose usually the principes, but in some cases very rich private benefactors, established alimenta foundations. The financing system was complicated: the principes lent their private money to local landowners, who paid interest to their town, so that the latter could finance the monetary allowances. The alimenta have been explained as a financing aid for agriculture but also as a subsidy for families with childr…