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Alexander historians
(302 words)
[German version] Collective name for the ancient authors, who wrote about the history and biography of Alexander [4] (the Great). Callisthenes was his court historian and fulfilled the duties expected of him until their quarrel. Many of the later histories are based on his, which was published right away (until 330 BC?). Of the eyewitnesses, only Ptolemaeus and Aristoboulus [7] seem to have described all campaigns; both praised Alexander. They wrote many years later, used Callisthenes and prob…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Mazarus
(67 words)
[German version] (Μάζαρος;
Mázaros).
Hetaîros (
hetaîroi ) of Alexander [4] the Great. According to Arrian (Arr. Anab. 3,16,9), he was appointed fortress commander in Susa in 331/30 BC. Curtius (5,2,16) names Xenophilus instead. Since the name M. is Iranian, Arrian probably confused him with the Persian predecessor. Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) Bibliography A. B. Bosworth, A Historical Commentary on Arrian's History, vol. 1, 1980, 319.
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Bucephalus, Bucephalas
(115 words)
[German version] (Βουκεφάλας;
Boukephálas). Thessalian warhorse, a gift to Alexander [4] as a boy. He was allegedly the only person capable of breaking him in. He never rode any other and it is illustrated with him in heroic style on the Alexander Mosaic and the Alexander Sarcophagus. B. died at a great age after the battle on the Hydaspes and Alexander founded a city, Bucephala in his honour. The life and death of B. are richly embellished in the ‘Vulgate’ ( Alexander historians) and in the Alexander Romance. Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) Bibliography A. R. Anderson, Bucephalas and his Le…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Gorgus
(126 words)
[German version] (Γόργος;
Górgos). In 324 BC, G. of Iasos ─ in the role of the ‘keeper of weapons’ (
hoplophýlax, ὁπλοφύλαξ) ─ interceded with Alexander [4] the Great on behalf of the Samians expelled by the Athenians and tried to …
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Agathocles
(1,543 words)
(Ἀγαθοκλῆς;
Agathoklês) [German version] [1] of Athens Archon 357/56 BC Archon 357/56 BC (Dem. Or. 47,44; Diod. Sic. 16,9). Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) [German version] [2] Tyrant King of Syracuse (316-288 BC) Later king of Syracuse, born 361/0 BC in Thermae in Sicily. Son of Carcinus, who had been banned from Rhegium, and who under Timoleon had received citizenship in Syracuse and had a pottery manufactory. A. had an adventurous youth, participated in several martial undertakings and early on fostered broad-reaching politica…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Thersippus
(102 words)
[German version] (Θέρσιππος;
Thérsippos). Participant in Alexander [4] the Great's campaign. Alexander sent him from Marathus to Darius [3] in 333/2 with a reply to his first offer of peace (Arr. An. 2,14,4; Curt. 4,1,14); perhaps identical with the T. who after Alexander's death is honoured in a decree by the Nesiotae [2] (OGIS 4) (see [1. vol. 1,369; vol. 2.2,376]).…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Peithon
(377 words)
(Πείθων;
Peíthōn). [German version] [1] Indo- Greek satrap In 325 BC, P., son of Agenor, was appointed by Alexander [4] the Great as the satrap for the coast of India and the banks of the Indus as far as the mouth of the Acesines. He t…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Pythionice
(90 words)
[German version] (Πυθιονίκη/
Pythioníkē). Famous hetaera (Hetaerae), probably Athenian, mocked by comedians (Ath. 8,339). Called
c. 329 BC by Harpalus to Babylon, where she bore him a daughter (Plut. Phocion 22,1), he showered her with plundered treasures (Diod. Sic. 17, 108,5). After her death, Harpalus had her deified as Aphrodite P. Her grave monuments in Babylon and Athens are often mentioned (mostly with indignation) (as in Ath. 13,594d-595c; Paus. 1,37,5; Plut. Phocion 22, 1-2). They allegedly cost more than 200 talents (Theopomp.
…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Hegelochus
(247 words)
(Ἡγέλοχος;
Hēgélochos). [German version] [1] Fleet officer under Alexander the Great, 4th cent. BC Son of Hippostratus, officer under Alexander [4]. Initially commander of the vanguard cavalry, he was commissioned to form a Macedonian fleet from ships collected from Greek cities in the summer of 333 BC (Arr. Anab. 2,2,3; inexact Curt. 3,1,19f.; Amphoterus was his subordinate, not his colleague). After the death of Memnon his fleet dominated the Hellespont, where he i.a. stopped an Athenian grain fleet (Ps.-…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Philoxenus
(1,694 words)
(Φιλόξενος;
Philóxenos). [German version] [1] Name of several officers under Alexander the Great Several officers with the name P. are mentioned in the sources about Alexander [4] the Great. They cannot always be distinguished with certainty. One P. was appointed by Alexander in 331 BC (incorrect [1]) '
to collect tribute o…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Menedemus
(1,406 words)
(Μενέδημος;
Menédēmos). [German version] [1] Functionary of Alexander the Great, 329 BC sent by Alexander [4] the Great in 329 BC, with a 1500-strong mercenary infantry, Caranus with 800 mounted mercenaries and Andromachus with 60 hetairoi, to relieve the fortress of Maracanda, which was under siege by Spitamenes. Pharnuches, a Lycian (but certainly descended from Persian settlers) interpreter, was provided to them as he was familiar with the inhabitants and their language (Arr. An. 4,3,7). Through the incompetence of the officers and lack of co-ordination the troops fell into an a…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Aboulites
(62 words)
[German version] Satrap of Susa under Darius, father of Oxathres. In 331 BC he handed the city over to Alexander [4] with 50,000 silver talents and was confirmed as satrap. The subdued Uxii were subordinated to him. During the cleansing after Alexander's losses in Gedrosia (324), A. and his son were executed. Badian, Ernst (Cambridge…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Stratonice
(826 words)
(Στρατονίκη;
Stratoníkē). [German version] [1] Daughter of Alexander [2] I, c. 500 BC Daughter of the Macedonian king Alexander [II 2] I. In the winter of 429/8 BC, she was married by her brother Perdiccas [2] II to Seuthes [1], nephew of the Odrysian king Sitalces [1], in exchange for Seuthes' having achieved the withdrawal of Thracian troops from Macedonia (Thuc. 2,101,5 f.). Zahrnt, Michael (Kiel) [German version] [2] Wife of Antigonus [1], 4th cent. BC Daughter of one Corrhagus, married to Antigonus [1], mother of Demetrius [2] Poliorketes and a Philippus, who died…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Cleitarchus
(457 words)
(Κλείταρχος;
Kleítarchos). [German version] [1] Tyrant of Eretria 343/42-341 BC Tyrant of Eretria. Even as a banned exile C. unsuccessfully attempted in 349/8 BC to seize Eretria, e.g., with the help of Philip II against an Athenian army under Phocion (Aeschin. In Ctes. 86-88 with Schol. [1. 318, n. 2]). Philip's intervention in Euboea in 343 and 342 [1. 502f., 545-549] brought C. to power (Dem. Or. 8,36; 9,57f.; 18,71; 19,87). Phocion expelled him in 341 (Philochorus FGrH 328 F 160; Diod. Sic. 16,74,1). Tyrannis C…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Philocles
(895 words)
(Φιλοκλῆς;
Philoklês). [German version] [1] Athenian demagogue Athenian demagogue, elected to the office of
stratēgós in 406/5 BC and dispatched with the fleet to Conon [1] at Samos, both of whom thereupon were in command of the fleet in the Hellespont. Re-elected as a
stratēgós, and subsequently partially to blame for the defeat in 405 BC at Aigos Potamos, P. was captured and executed by Lysander [1] for having had the crews of…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly