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[German Version] (May 15, 1866, Tübingen – May 23, 1926, Berlin). A church historian and polyhistor at Tübingen (1901–1906) and Berlin (1906–1926, and member of the Preußische Akademie der Wissenschaften [Academy: II] from 1915), Holl became the formative figure in the transition from historicism to the Luther renaissance after 1910. In view of the Apostolicum controversy, and being personally committed to his historical judgment, Holl forewent a church appointment. He came to prominence through h…

[German Version] I. Judaism – II. Christianity – III. Islam I. Judaism…

[German Version] I. Erlangen School (Theology) – II. Erlangen School (Philosophy) I. Erlangen School (Theology) 1. History …

[German Version] (Feb 4, 1888, Obershagen – May 18, 1966, Erlangen); professor of systematic theology and New Testament at Göttingen (PD), Rostock, and 1925–1946 at Erlangen; 1914/15 military hospital chaplain; 1915–1918 pastor in Łódź under German administration. As one of the most widely read theologians of the Lutheran renaissance (1926–1964 president of the Luther Society), Althaus taught that experiencing Germany's national “hour” was a judgment and a call from the God who justifies ( Kirche und Volkstum, 1927). Initially, Althaus assented politically to the …

[German Version] (Mar 22, 1903, Beuthen an der Oder – Dec 11, 1942, Berlin). Klepper is the most widely received 20th-century Protestant hymnographer in the German language. He was stamped by a genuinely Protestant contemporaneity and a German-Jewish solidarity during the time of National Socialism. Klepper studied theology from 1922 to 1928 without graduating. From 1927, he was a journa…

[German Version] (Reformed Youth Movement). The Jungreformatorische Bewegung formed as a church policy movement on May 9, 1933 in the course of the debate concerning constitutional reform in the Deutscher Evangelischer Kirchenbund and in opposition to the plan for forced conformity championed by the radical Deutsche Christe…

[German Version] The term positive theology refers to an influential theological movement in the Protestant churches of Germany, especially in Prussia, between 1870 and 1918. It was symptomatic of a crisis in church politics and culture. Its representatives included M. Kähler, H. Cremer, A. Schlatter, R. Seeberg, W. Lütgert, E. Schaeder, C. Stange, and K. Heim. The name was modeled on the Positive Union, the majority political party in the churches of the Old Prussian Union (after 1875). To speak of an antithesis between positive theology and liberal theolo…

[German Version] I. Linguistics – II. Philosophy – III. Religious Studies – IV. Philosophy of Religion – V. Old Testament – VI. New Testament – VII. Church History – VIII. Judaism – IX. Islam I. Linguistics…

[German Version] (Jul 22, 1883, Hannover – Nov 2, 1944, Willershagen, Mecklenburg) became Privatdozent in philosophy in Erlangen in 1912, and associate professor…

[German Version] I. Name and History – II. Program and Differences – III. Ecclesio-political Options, 1918–1935 I. Name and History The term Luther renaissance denotes a movement of theological, ecclesiastical, and cultural reform between …

[German Version] (Oct 3, 1887, Barmen – Jun 10, 1962, Berlin), 1923 associate professor at Breslau, 1927 professor of systematic theology at Greifswald, in East Berlin 19…