Search

[German Version] (Apr 14, 1880, Neuwied – Nov 25, 1956, Zürich). After studying theology, philosophy, and education at Zürich, Köhler served as pastor in Aeugst and Langnau am Albis. He received his doctorate and was appointed associate professor of Old Testament in Zürich in 1908. In 1923 he was appointed full professor, and in 1932 his chair included practical theology. From 1930 to 1932 he served as rector of the university. His many publications include exegeses (on Amos, 1917), a monograph on…

[German Version] I. Old Testament – II. Early Judaism – III. Liturgy I. Old Testament The priestly Blessing, transmitted within the framework of the so-called Priestly Source (Pentateuch) in Num 6:23-26, which is also attested in some inscriptions (e.g. in Ketef Hinnom near Jerusalem), consist of traditional blessing formulae, linked together in three stair-stepped lines. …

[German Version] I The book of Joel appears in the Hebrew canon as the second book of the Minor Prophets, following Hosea; in the Greek canon it comes fourth, following Hosea, Amos, and Micah (Bible: II). It is one of the three-chapter books of the Bible (divided into four chapters in Heb., three in Gk); it text (73 masoretic verses) probably filled some three columns of a scroll consisting of a single leaf or section. Three manuscripts of the Hebrew Minor Prophets contain portions of Joel (M. Abegg, The Dead Sea Scrolls Bible, 1999, 428–432). Quotations from chs. 2f. appear in the Damascus Docu…

[German Version] I. Old Testament – II. New Testament – III. Dogmatics – IV. Judaism I. Old Testament Election, especially in compounds such as doctrine of election, election idea, election tradition, is a term from biblical theology based on the theological use of the Heb. verb בחר/ bḥr, especially in Deuteronomy, which has become established since K. Galling's monograph (1928). It has become the comprehensive term for the foundation of Israel's existence and involves “the philosop…

[German Version] I. Bible and Ancient Judaism 1. Old Testament a. General. In biblical studies, poetry (Gk ποίησις/ poíēsis) in contrast to prose generally comprises stanzaic texts in language employing patterns of rhythm and sound, whose structure and style are determined by both linguistic (sound patters, rhyme, clause sequences, etc.) and nonlinguistic factors (so-called constraints: music, ¶ extent, parallel structure, setting, etc.). We do not know the ancient Hebrew poetic terminology, although poetry constitutes a significant portion of Old …

[German Version] I. Form Criticism – II. Theology – III. Liturgy – IV. Music I. Form Criticism 1. Old Testament Derived from the expression δόξαν λέγειν ( dóxan légein; cf. Ps 28:9 LXX), in the OT doxology denotes the liturgical act of paying homage to the deity, which in turn has its roots in the ceremonial of the royal court. Words and gestures express veneration, glorification, and exaltation of the addressee together …

[German Version] I. Religious Studies In comparison with expiation (I), reconciliation is defined more specifically; as a rule, its goal is to restore a personal relationship undermined by guilt or sin. In reconciliation we are dealing with a category rooted in ¶ the Judeo-Christian tradition that cannot be translated readily into other contexts. In comparison with Western Christianity, the understanding of reconciliation in Judaism displays several distinctive features. As in Christianity, the concept of reconciliation is complementar…