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Lupinus
(47 words)
[German version] Latin term for the lupin (
Lupinus albus; Lupin), which was used instead of coins in board games as a counter. As a small weight it was equal to a 1/4
scripulum , about 0.28 grammes or 1/100 of an ounce.…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Kapetis
(56 words)
[German version] (καπέτις;
kapétis). Persian measure of volume for dry goods; it corresponds to 1/48 of an artabe, therefore to 1 Attic
choinix and
c. 1.1 l [1. 479-482]. Xenophon also mentions a καπίθη/
kapíthē, which corresponded to 2 Attic
choinikes (Xen. An. 1,5,6). Schulzki, Heinz-Joachim (Mannheim) Bibliography
1 F. Hultsch, Griech. und röm. Metrologie, 21882.
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Plethron
(96 words)
[German version] (πλέθρον/
pléthron). A
p. (Latin
iugerum) is a Greek unit of length of 100 feet, corresponding to 1/6 στάδιον/
stádion (Stadion). Depending on the underlying length of the foot (Pous), it has a length of
c. 27-35 m; an Attic
plethron comes to 31 m. In Homeric epic,
plethron is synonymous with the length of a furrow;
plethron can also be found there as a unit of area for a piece of land 100 feet square (cf. also Hom. Il. 23,164: ἑκατόμπεδον ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα). Measures Schulzki, Heinz-Joachim (Mannheim) Bibliography
1 F. Hultsch, Griechische und römische Metrologie, 21882, 28.
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Pertica
(155 words)
[German version]
Pertica is the name given to the measuring rod (bar) of the Roman land surveyor and architect (mostly with a length of 10 feet (
decempeda ) =
c. 2,96 m, more rarely with 12, 15 or 17 feet).
Pertica is also the t.t. for the area surveyed with the rod as well as, in the form
pertica quadrata, for the surface measurement for an area of 10 × 10 feet. As a regional special form,
pertica is known from Germania as a length measure of 12 feet according to the
pes Drusianus at 33.3 cm, corresponding to 3.99 m. In agriculture,
pertica is the term for the stakes used in viticulture to at…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Sescuncia
(126 words)
[German version] (also
sescunx;
sesqui unciae = 1 1/2
unciae ). Roman unit for 1/8 of a larger whole. As a weight it equals 1/8 of a
libra [1] = 40.93 gr. (value mark I-L; AE 1968, 258), as a length, 1/8 of a
pes = 37 mm, as an area, 1/8 of a
iugerum = 315 m2. In the eastern Mediterranean the
sescuncia as a weight was also equal to 12 Attic drachmai (value mark I-B). In coinage, the
sescuncia corresponds to 1/8 of an
as , later also 1/8 of a
denarius . As a coin the
sescuncia is found in Venusia (SNG Munich, 1970, 550) and in Paestum (SNG Copenhagen, 1969, 1346). Schulzki, Heinz-Joachim (Mannheim) Bibliog…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Hexas
(285 words)
[German version] (ἑξᾶς;
hexâs). Greek name for silver and
aes coins from Sicily and (more rarely) southern Italy worth 1/6
litra ; also called
dionkion, Latin equivalent
sextans , since the coin system used there was based on 12
unciae to the
litra. Value symbol: 2 dots. The extremely rare smallest silver coins (average weight 0.14 g) of this nominal are attested in Tarentum [5. 1117-1121], Acragas [2. 122], Himera [1. 30], Leontini [7. 1345], Messana [7. 326], Segesta [1. 48] and Syracuse [3. 373]. Owing to the non-uniform standard of the bronze
litra, the
aes coins have greatl…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Groma
(227 words)
[German version] (Greek γνώμων;
gnṓmōn). Name of the Roman surveyors' device for determining straight lines and right angles when surveying a terrain. It consists of a pole about the height of a man (
ferramentum) and a rotatable cross of four horizontal rods (
stella) attached to it at right angles. On the four ends were attached plumb-lines (
perpendicula) almost down to the ground. The plumb attached to the centre point of the rotary cross (
umbilicus soli) was aligned above the measurement point by a slight slanting of the
ferramentum [3]. The application is known through Heron o…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Metretes
(110 words)
[German version] (μετρητής;
metrētḗs) is the Greek name for the largest unit of measurement for fluids, synonymous with
kados , a volume of 12
chóai ( Chous [1]), corresponding to 144
kotýlai ( Kotyle [2]). It is equivalent to approximately 39,4 litres, according to Hultsch, whereas Nissen puts it at approximately 38,9 litres. Measures of Volume Schulzki, Heinz-Joachim (Mannheim) Bibliography
1 F. Hultsch, Griechische und römische Metrologie, 21882 (reprint 1971), 101f., 703 table X A
2 M. Lang, M. Crosby, Weights, Measures and Tokens (The Athenian Agora 10), 1964, 56ff.
3 H. Nissen, G…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Kyathos
(159 words)
[German version] [1] See Pottery, shapes and types of see Pottery, shapes and types of Schulzki, Heinz-Joachim (Mannheim) [German version] [2] Measure of volume for fluids (κύαθος/
kýathos, Latin
cyathus; 'cup'); Graeco-Latin term for a measure of volume for fluids amounting to 1/6 kotyle [2] or 1/72 chous [1] in the Greek system [1. 104] and 1/12 sextarius or 1/576 amphora [2] [1. 117] in the Roman, equivalent to approx. 0.045 l. In the Roman system, the
cyathus was also a unit of measure for the ladle used to serve wine from the
krater into the drinking-cup [1. 118], the volume of …
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Ro
(44 words)
[German version] (
r, literally 'cup') is an Egyptian measure of capacity for fluids and dry goods at 1/32 Hin (
c. 0,48 l) and corresponds to
c. 0,015 l. Schulzki, Heinz-Joachim (Mannheim) Bibliography
1 W. Helck, S. Vleming, s. v. Maße u. Gewichte, LÄ 3, 1201 f.
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Measures
(1,991 words)
[German version] I. Ancient Orient Although the different basic measurement systems (length, measures of volume and weights) were created and defined independently of each other, at least in Mesopotamia relationships between them were established. In the Ancient Orient as elsewhere, the terms for measures of length were based on body parts (cubit, palm and finger widths), however, the foot was not used as a basic measure of length. Regional and temporal differences must be considered. The Babylonian ‘cubit’ (Sumerian
kùš, Akkadian
ammatu, normally
c. 50 cm; in the 1st millenni…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly