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[German version] (= Haronnophris, Greek Hourgonaphor). Leader of an indigenous uprising who was crowned as Pharaoh in Thebes in October/November 205 BC; his rulership also included Abydus and Pathyris; a Ptolemaic offensive displaced him from Abydus (and Ptolemais) only in 201-200. In the summer of 199,  Anchwennefer is recorded as his successor. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography P. W. Pestman, Haronnophris and Chaonnophris, in: S. P. Vleeming (ed.), Hundred-Gated Thebes, 1995, 101-134 B. C. McGing, in: APF 43, 1997, 285ff.

[German version] (νομάρχης/ nomárchēs). Office in the Egyptian administration. It already existed before the Ptolemies. Even if the word nomarches is derived from the Greek némein (‘administer’) rather than from nomos [2], his office was connected with a specific administrative district, in which he was responsible for the distribution and all other issues concerning the royal finance and tax administration. When Alexander [4] the Great (Arr. Anab. 3,5,2; 3,5,4), appointed two Persians (?, [1. 82]), Petiesis and Doloaspis, as nomárchai for all Egypt, and left the nomárchai of th…

[German version] (ᾨνάνθη/ Ōinánthē). Of Samos, wife of Agathocles, hetaíra of Ptolemy III, mother of Agathocles [6] and of Agathoclea [2]. For a short time, she was the mentor of the young Ptolemy V. The Alexandrians murdered O. in Oct./Nov. 203 BC when her son was overthrown. She is said to have gained influence only through personal relationships, but the tradition may well be biased. PP VI 14731. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography F.W. Walbank, A Historical Commentary on Polybius, vol. 2, 437f.

[German version] (Μνασιάδης/ Mnasiádēs). Son of Polycratus, from Argos, athlete, eponymous priest of Alexander in 218/7 BC, father of Polycrates (PP II 2172, VI 15065). PP IX 5200b. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography W. Clarysse, G. van der Veken, The Eponymous Priests of Ptolemaic Egypt, 1983, 15.

[German version] Son of Onias IV, brother of Chelcias. 105-101 BC commander of the army of Cleopatra III; is supposed to have dissuaded Cleopatra from annexing Judea as a province. PP 2, 2149; 6, 15173. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography I. Michaelidou-Nicolaou, Prosopography of Ptolemaic Cyprus, 1976, 33 no. 34.

[German version] Son of Herieus, father of Euphron (Greek for Herieus) (OGIS 94; PKöln 4,186). Commanded troops under Comanus against Anchwennefer in 187 BC, probably as the strategos of Hermopolites or Cynopolites. Appellation of the town of Acoris [1]. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography W. Clarysse, Hakoris, in: AncSoc 22, 1991, 235ff.

[German version] (Εἰράς; Eirás). Sometimes also called Náeira; lady-in-waiting of Cleopatra VII who in Octavian's propaganda was attributed decisive political influence. E. died together with the queen. PP 6,14720. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography H. Heinen, Onomastisches zu E., Kammerzofe Kleopatras VII, in: ZPE 79, 1989, 243-247.

[German version] (Μότης; Mόtēs). Ptolemaic strategos of Caria 248/7 BC who, together with the oikonómos Diodotus, intervened in the administration of the town of Kalynda (PCZ 59341). Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography R. Bagnall, The Administration of the Ptolemaic Possessions Outside Egypt, 1976, 99f., 216, 245  PP VI 15058.

[German version] (Θένεφμος; Thénephmos). Egyptian, recorded as early as 247/6 BC as owner of a dōreá ('estate awarded by the king') of 10,000 árourai. PP IV 10083. Ameling, Walter (Jena)

[German version] (κωμομισθώτης; kōmomisthṓtēs). Ptolemaic official, first attested in 259/258 BC in Palestine (PLond. VII 1948), who was responsible for leasing of state land to farmers within a village administrative district (cf. also PTebt. 183). Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography D. Crawford, Kerkeosiris, 1971, 103 A. 4 Rostovtzeff, Hellenistic World 1, 344f.; 3, 1401f.

[German version] Born before 192 BC, died 126/123, from Crete, citizen of Ptolemais, active at various locations as a soldier and hipparch (Archive with documents from 174-99). On 4.3.150 he wed Apollonia, in his second marriage, and thus set an example, promoting Graeco-Egyptian society as the blend of the two cultures. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography N. Lewis, Greeks in Ptolemaic Egypt, 1986, 88ff. R. Scholl, D.s Tod, in: CE 63, 1988, 141-144.

[German version] (Μελαγκόμας/ Melancomas). Eponymous priest of Alexander in 166/5 BC. Son of the Aetolian Philodamus, served in 180-145 as garrison commander and priest of the theoí euergétai ( euergétēs ) in Citium, father of the garrison commander M. (PP VI 15119). PP III/IX 5194 (VI 15120?). Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography W. Clarysse, G. van der Veken, The Eponymous Priests of Ptolemaic Egypt, 1983, 24.

[German version] Son of Pachom; c. 50/30 B.C. syngenḗs and stratēgós (Court titles B. 2.) in various Egyptian nomes. Along with his government offices P. held a series of indigenous priestly offices, which already appear in the titles of his father. PP III 5688; VIII 292 b. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography L. Mooren, The Aulic Titulature in Ptolemaic Egypt, 1975, 121f. Nr. 0128.

[German version] (Λυκαρίων; Lykaríōn). Son of Numenius, from an important family; in the middle of the 1st cent. BC known as syngenḗs ( Court titles B. 2.), honorary head of the gerousia of Alexandria [1], dioikētḗs , exēgētḗs ( exēgētaí ), epì tês póleōs of Alexandria, gymnasiarch ( Gymnasiarchy) of Alexandria. L. is an example of the accumulation of offices in the late Ptolemaic period as well as of the link between state and city duties. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography PP I 37; 156; III 5349a L. Mooren, The Aulic Titulature in Ptolemaic Egypt, 1974, 140 no. 0176.

[German version] (οἱ Πτολεμαϊκοὶ δυναστεῖς/ hoi Ptolemaïkoì dynasteîs, Str. 2,5,12). Hellenistic dynasty which established itself in Egypt after the death of Alexander [4] the Great and ruled there until Egypt was instituted as a Roman province by Augustus; the dynasty is named after its founder, Ptolemaeus [1] I as 'Ptolemies' or after his father Lagus [1] as 'Lagidae' (Λαγίδαι/ Lagídai). The ambitions of the first P. were not limited to Egypt, but extended to the whole of Alexander's empire (cf. Ptolemaeus [6] III; Hellenistic states) and large parts…

[German version] (Φιλάδελφος/ Philádelphos, literally 'One who loves his/her brother/sister'). (Cult-) epithet of Hellenistic kings. It was borne first of all by Arsinoe [II 3] II. (Philadelphos is only documented from 165/4 BC with referenceto her brother and husband Ptolemy II.). The name is very frequently used in the dynasty of the Ptolemies (Cleopatra [II 9] Berenice III, Ptolemy XII and Cleopatra [II 10] Tryphaina; Cleopatra [II 12] VII and her brothers became theoì néoi philádelphoi during the lifetime of Ptolemy XII; cf. also Ptolemaeus Philadelphos). Philad…

[German version] (Σιμάριστος; Simáristos). Alexandrian from a respected family extending back to the 3rd century BC; in 58 BC he led an Alexandrian hetairía against Ptolemaeus [18] XII (Dion Chrys. Or. 32,70). Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography F. Zucker, Σιμαριστ<ει>οι, in: Philologus 101, 1957, 164-166.

[German version] An Egyptian from the district of  Sebennytus, a village scribe and perhaps also scribe for the district, he began a five-year journey in 173 BC, which he had been instructed to make by an oracle.   Pastophóros of Isis and from 167/6 priest (κάτοχος/ kátochos?) at the ibis Sanctuary of Saqqara/Memphis, where he had an administrative position in the temple. His oracular prophesies delivered via dreams, were listened to even in the palace. Among other destinations he travelled from Alexandria to Sarapeum in 168, where he deli…

[German version] [1] High Priest of Ptah in Memphis, 1st cent. BC Father of P. [2], c. 80-35 BC. Before 50/49 he was the High Priest of Ptah in Memphis, afterwards he held further priestly offices. PP III/IX 5375. Ameling, Walter (Jena) [German version] [2] Last High Priest of Ptah in 28/7 BC Son of P. [1], born c. 42 BC, last High Priest of Ptah and other gods, received most of his titles in  28/7. P. died after 23 BC. PP III/IX 5375 a. Ameling, Walter (Jena)

[German version] (κωμογραμματεύς; kōmogrammateús). Administrative official in Ptolemaic Egypt, although the position itself is doubtlessly older. Egypt was divided up into nomoí, tópoi and kômai, and corresponding to this sequence is, in order, basilikós grammateús, topogrammateús and komogrammateús (It is, however, not certain whether the topogrammateús was the superior of the komogrammateus; sometimes both posts were filled by the same person). The komogrammateus was responsible for an area, which usually encompassed one village, but sometimes also several villages ( kôm…

[German version] (Βῶλις; Bôlis). Senior officer of Ptolemy IV, from Crete. Tasked by Sosibius in 213 BC to free Achaeus from the beleaguered city of Sardes, he changed sides and ensured that Achaeus was handed over to Antiochus III (Pol. 8,15-20). PP 6, 14750. Ameling, Walter (Jena)

[German version] (Μαρδίων; Mardíōn). Slave or statesman of Cleopatra VII. The propaganda of Octavian declared him, a eunuch, to be responsible for leading the Egyptian state (PP VI 14615). Ameling, Walter (Jena)

[German version] From Caunus, father of Zeno, visits Egypt in 253 BC. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography H. Hauben, Les vacances d'Agréophon (253 av. J. C.), in: CE 60, 1985, 102-108.

[German version] Dissimilated form of Arabarches in the Josephus-MSS AP 11, 383 and the texts cited below (different from [1]). The identification with an independent office of the Jewish community is impossible (see TAM 2,1, 256; Cod. lust. 4,61,9); BCH 16, 1892, 119 no. 44. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography 1 Abd-El-Ghany, The Arabs in Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt through papyri and inscriptions, in: L. Criscuolo, G. Geraci (ed.), Egitto e storia antica, 1989, 233-242, 236 f.

[German version] (Ποθεῖνος/ Potheînos). Eunuch, nutricius ('tutor') of Ptolemaeus [20] XIII (Caes. B Civ. 3,108), probably appointed guardian by the will of Ptolemy [18] XII. His precise position at the court of Alexandria is unclear. If P. is indeed an amicus regis (Caes. B Civ. 3,104,1), this was probably not the same as one of the court titles phílos; Cassius Dio (42,36,1) describes him as tḕn dioíkēsin tôn toû Ptolemaíou chrēmátōn prostetagménos ('administrator of the goods of Ptolemy') - this may refer to the office of dioikētḗs , which, however, P. can har…

[German version] (Χελκίας; Chelkías). Son of Onias IV; brother of Ananias (died 103). From 105-103 BC commander of the army of  Cleopatra III. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography PP 2, 2183; 8, 342a.

[German version] (or possibly Rufinus, cf. [1. 163 f.4]). Son of a freedman of Caesar (cf. [2. I 56]), whom the latter left behind in Alexandria [1] in 47 BC as the commander of three legions. R.'s characterization as Caesar's 'lover' ( exoletus: Suet. Iul. 76,3) is likely to be polemical. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography 1 P. Graindor, La Guerre d'Alexandrie, 1931 2 H. Solin, Die stadtrömischen Sklavennamen, 1996. G. Geraci, Genesi della provincia romana d'Egitto, 1983, 26 f.

[German version] Greek name: Asclepiades ( ho kaì Asklēpiádēs héllēn enchṓrios tôn katoíkōn), son of Petesouchus, Greek: Ammónios ( toû kaì Ammoníou), and grandson of Asclepiades (PTebtunis I 164). He is a typical example of how double Graeco-Egyptian names could be used in Ptolemaic Egypt, according to context. M. is mentioned again in August 119 BC as kōmogrammateús of Cerceosiris. He served until 111 BC. M.'s ‘archive’ (PTebt I; IV) is the most important source for the office of kōmogrammateús in the Ptolemaic period. The necessary payments for M.'s official appointment…

[German version] (Καλλιμήδης; Kallimḗdēs). Ptolemaic local commander, who surrendered  Aenus [1] in 200 BC to Philip V. PP 6, 15113. Ameling, Walter (Jena)

[German version] (Διδύμη; Didýmē). Egyptian (Ethiopian) mistress of Ptolemy II; see in Anth. Pal. 5,210? Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography A. Cameron, Two Mistresses of Ptolemy Philadelphus, in: GRBS 31, 1990, 287 F. M. Snowden Jr., Asclepiades' D., in: GRBS 32, 1991, 239-259.

(μεριδάρχης, Meridárchēs). [German version] [1] Ptolemaic administrative official from at least 260 BC Ptolemaic administrative official. The Egyptian district ( nomós ) of Arsinoites was divided up into three merídes (‘parts’), which in turn consisted of tópoi. This subdivision is attested from 260/259 BC at the latest[1. 5]. A meridarches was in charge of a merís and hence of its toparchs; the title is attested from the end of the 2nd century BC (PTebtunis I 66), but the names of the merídes (Ἡρακλείδου, Θεμίστου, Πολέμωνος) may go back to the first meridarchai. The last meridarchai ar…

[German version] (Καλλίμανδρος; Kallímandros). Delegate of the Alexandrians who was to offer the Egyptian monarchy to a Seleucid prince in 56 BC. PP 6, 14768. Ameling, Walter (Jena)

[German version] (σιτομετρία; sitometría). The 'allotment' of grain to the citizens of Greek states through a sitométrēs (e.g. Hyp. F 271a Blass; Aristot. Pol. 1299a 23; documented as late as the Roman Imperial Period) and from a special store (cf. rations for mercenaries). S. could also mean a daily or monthly payment, in money, from the state or from a private source. Such payments were not necessarily regular or tied to the status of the recipient. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography H. Dirscherl, Die Sitonia von Oxyrhynchos: Menge, Kosten, Finanzierung, ökonomische Bede…

[German version] (Φομμοῦς; Phommoûs) was, as syngenḗs ('king's relative') and epistratēgós (Court titles B 2) of the Thebaid, a predecessor of Plato [3] from c. August/September 115 until at least February 110 BC. In OGIS 168,26f., the king calls him his adelphós ('brother'). P. was an Egyptian, probably from the Delta; his career can perhaps be used as proof that Cleopatra [II 6] III sought indigenous support. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography E. van't Dack et al., The Judaean-Syrian-Egyptian Conflict of 103-1 BC, 1989, 73; 108.

[German version] Egyptian village scribe ( Komogrammateus ) and owner of a dōreá, an estate awarded by the king (PPetrie II 38 a; III 31; PLille I 47,2 f.; 9 f.; 48,2 f.; 8 f.), of about 27.5 sq km (10,000 árourai; Aroura) in 251/0 BC. PP I 837 f.; 841; IV 8387. Ameling, Walter (Jena)

[German version] (Πάως; Páōs). Egyptian who made a career in Ptolemy VIII's service. P.'s career epitomizes the attempt to mobilize the Egyptian people in the dispute with Cleopatra [II 5] II. In 137/6 BC P. was the tôn prṓtōn phílōn, in 133/2 the (civil) stratēgós of several administrative districts in the Thebais; presumably in 132/1, in the course of the wars, he became syngenḕs kaì stratēgòs tês Thēbaḯdos, and finally in the summer of 129, as the successor of Boethus [1], he was syngenḕs kaì epistratēgòs kaì stratēgòs tês Thebaḯdos but he was replaced by Lochus [2] in 127/6 at …

[English version] (Μότης). Ptolem. Stratege Kariens 248/7 v.Chr., der zusammen mit dem oikonómos Diodotos in die Verwaltung der Stadt Kalynda eingriff (PCZ 59341). Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography R. Bagnall, The Administration of the Ptolemaic Possessions Outside Egypt, 1976, 99f., 216, 245  PP VI 15058.

[English version] (Κίλλης). Makedone, phílos und stratēgós Ptolemaios' I. K. konnte nach der Schlacht von Gaza 311 v.Chr. Demetrios [2] aus Syrien vertreiben, wurde aber von diesem gefangengenommen und zu Ptolemaios zurückgeschickt. PP II/VIII 2164. Ameling, Walter (Jena)

(Λάγος, Λαγός; PN nicht von lagós, “Hase”, sondern wohl von laoí, “Leute”). [English version] [1] Makedone aus der Eordaia oder Orestis, Vater des Ptolemaios I. Makedone aus der Eordaia oder Orestis. Sein Status ist unbekannt; aus der Heirat mit Arsinoe [II 1] ist kein sicheres Argument für hohen Adel zu gewinnen. Vater des Ptolemaios I. und des Menelaos. Ptolemaios pflegte die Erinnerung an L.: Ein Hippodrom in Alexandreia und ein Ort in Arsinoe hießen Lágeion. Die Legende von der Zeugung Ptolemaios' I. durch Philippos II. ist also wohl später. Nach Lagos nannten …

[English version] Aus Kyrene, συγγενής und vermeintlich Beamter des Ptolemaios Apion; seine Tochter Aretaphila ermordete den kyrenischen Tyrannen Nikostratos (ca. 88-81 v. Chr.). Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography A. Laronde, Cyrène et la Libye hellénistique, 1987, 421 f.; 455.

[English version] (Ἀχιλλᾶς). Ägypter, praef. regius, aber wohl nicht Vormund Ptolemaios' XIII. Er führte die Ermordung des Pompeius durch und wurde von Potheinos im Kampf gegen Caesar zum Oberbefehlshaber des Heeres gemacht (48/7 v. Chr.). Arsinoe [II 6] IV. beläßt ihn erst in diesem Amt, läßt ihn dann aber auf Veranlassung des Ganymedes ermorden. PP 6, 14594. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography L. Mooren, The aulic titulature in Ptolemaic Egypt, 1975, 73 f. Nr. 029.

[English version] Dissimilierte Form von Arabarches in den Iosephos-Mss. AP 11, 383 und den unten zitierten Texten (anders [1]). Die Identifikation mit einem eigenständigen Amt der jüdischen Gemeinde ist unmöglich (s. TAM 2,1, 256; Cod. Iust. 4,61,9); BCH 16, 1892, 119 Nr. 44. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography 1 Abd-El-Ghany, The Arabs in Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt through papyri and inscriptions, in: L. Criscuolo, G. Geraci (Hrsg.), Egitto e storia antica, 1989, 233-242, 236 f.

[English version] Von Augustus vor 11/12 n.Chr. eingerichtete Verwaltungseinheit Ägyptens, die das Gebiet zwischen Delta und Thebais umfaßte. Die sieben Gaue waren der Memphites, Herakleopolites, Aphroditopolites, Oxyrhynchites, Kynopolites, Hermopolites und vielleicht Letopolites; von Anfang an wurden diesen sieben der Arsinoites und oft auch die kleine Oase zugerechnet. Unter Marcus Aurelius und Commodus ist die Erweiterung auf elf Gaue bezeugt, doch ist die Zusammensetzung z.Z. nicht sicher feststellbar. Die H. unterstand einem Epistrategen im Rang eines procurator …

[English version] (Εὐκλῆς). Sohn eines Dionysios, Nachfolger Zenons als Vorsteher der δωρέα ( dōréa) des Apollonios bei Philadelphia von 248 v.Chr. bis zu ihrer Auflösung 243. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography C. Orrieux, Les archives d'Euclès et la fin de la dôréa du dioecète Apollonios, in: CE 55, 1980, 229-239.

[English version] (Φιλάδελφος, wörtlich “der/die Geschwisterliebende”). (Kult-)Beiname hell. Könige. Er wurde zuerst von Arsinoë [II 3] II. getragen (für ihren Bruder und Ehemann Ptolemaios II. ist Ph. erst ab 165/4 v.Chr. belegt). In der Dyn. der Ptolemaier ist der Name sehr häufig (Kleopatra [II 9] Berenike III., Ptolemaios XII. und Kleopatra [II 10] Tryphaina; Kleopatra [II 12] VII. und ihre Brüder wurden noch zu Lebzeiten Ptolemaios' XII. zu theoí néoi philádelphoi; vgl. auch Ptolemaios Ph.). In anderen Dyn. wurde Ph. ebenfalls benutzt, so z.B. für Attalos…

[English version] Griech. Chaonnophris, Name mit myth. Bezug. Nachfolger des Harwennefer als Gegenkönig in Südägypten (201/0 - 27.8.186 v. Chr.). Nach dem Tod Harwennefers hatte Ptolemaios V. kurze Zeit wieder die Hoheit in der Thebais und in Elephantine, wurde aber von A. wieder zurückgedrängt; ab 190 Kämpfe mit wechselndem Erfolg, bis A. von Komannos endgültig besiegt wurde. Aus Anlaß des Sieges wurde das 2. Philae-Dekret und der Philanthropa-Erlaß C. Ord. Ptol. 34 verabschiedet. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography W. Clarysse, Hurgonaphor et Chaonnophris, les derniers …

[English version] (Πάως). Ägypter, der Karriere in den Diensten Ptolemaios' VIII. machte. P.' Laufbahn ist Ausdruck des Versuches, in der Auseinandersetzung mit Kleopatra [II 5] II. die äg. Bevölkerung zu mobilisieren. 137/6 v.Chr. war P. tōn prṓtōn phílōn, 133/2 (ziviler) stratēgós einiger Gaue in der Thebais, verm. 132/1, im Zuge der Kämpfe, wurde er syngenḗs kai stratēgós tēs Thēbaḯdos, war schließlich im Sommer 129 als Nachfolger des Boethos [1] syngenḗs kai epistratēgós kai stratēgós tēs Thebaḯdos, wurde aber spätestens 127/6 durch Lochos [2] ersetzt. PP I/VIII 197; 302. …

[English version] (Γαλέστης). Sohn des Athamanenkönigs Amynandros, floh nach Pydna zu Ptolemaios VI., dessen phílos (φίλος) er wurde. G. führte 150 v.Chr. ein Expeditionskorps gegen Demetrios [7] I., 145 gegen Alexandros [13] Balas. Ptolemaios VIII. nahm ihm noch 144 seine dōreaí (δωρεαί, “Pfründe”; u.a. im Herakleopolites); G. floh nach Hellas, sammelte Exulanten um sich und starb bei dem Versuch, nach Alexandreia zurückzukehren und einen angeblichen Sohn Ptolemaios' VI. auf den Thron zu setzen. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography W. Schäfer, PKöln V 223/4 L. Criscuolo, L'arc…

[English version] oder mit griech. Namen Asklepiades ( ho kai Asklēpiádēs héllēn enchṓrios tōn katoíkōn), Sohn des Petesouchos bzw. griech. Ammónios ( tu kai Ammoníu), Enkel des Asklepiades (PTebtunis I 164), ist ein typisches Beispiel für graeco-ägypt. Doppelnamen im ptolem. Äg., die je nach Kontext benutzt werden konnten. M. wurde im August 119 v.Chr. als kōmogrammateús von Kerkeosiris wieder ernannt und amtierte bis 111 v.Chr. M.' “Archiv” (PTebt I; IV) ist die wichtigste Quelle für das Amt des kōmogrammateús in ptolem. Zeit. Die notwendigen Zahlungen zur Amtsernennung…

[English version] (κωμομισθώτης). Ptolem. Beamter, zuerst 259/8 v.Chr. in Palästina belegt (PLond. VII 1948), der für die Verpachtung von Staatsland an Bauern innerhalb eines dörflichen Verwaltungsbezirkes verantwortlich war (vgl. noch PTebt. 183). Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography D. Crawford, Kerkeosiris, 1971, 103 A. 4  Rostovtzeff, Hellenistic World 1, 344f.; 3, 1401f.