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[German version] [1] Chariot race victor M. of Thebes, son of Telesiades, addressee of Pind. I., 3 and 4 ( Pindarus). Two victories are mentioned, one in the horse or chariot race at Nemea (ibid. 3,9-13), the other in the pankration (ibid. 4,44). The two metrically identical poems are not treated separately in all MSS. The race victory was probably later, I. 3 being appended to the longer poem I. 4 in regard to a single celebration [1. 202-203]. M.'s father belonged to the family of the Cleonymidae, h…

(Ἀλκμαίων; Alkmaíōn). [German version] [1] Figure of Greek myth: son of Amphiaraus Son of Amphiaraus and  Eriphyle (Apollod. 3,81; Hes. fr. 198 M-W, cf. 197; traditions, see [1; 2]). He avenged his father with his younger brother Amphilochus by murdering Eriphyle. A. went insane and wandered erratically through the Peloponnese and north-western Greece (Eur. TGF 65, 87). In Psophis he was healed by Phegeus, and married his daughter Arsinoe, to whom he gave Eriphyle's ill-fated necklace and veil. The land bec…

(Ἀλκμαίων). [English version] [1] Sohn des Amphiaraos Sohn des Amphiaraos und der Eriphyle (Apollod. 3,81; Hes. fr. 198 M-W, vgl. 197; Überlieferungen s. [1; 2]). Er rächte seinen Vater mit seinem jüngeren Bruder Amphilochos durch die Ermordung von Eriphyle. A. wurde wahnsinnig und irrte durch Peloponnes und Nordwestgriechenland (Eur. TGF 65, 87). In Psophis wurde er von Phegeus geheilt und heiratete dessen Tochter Arsinoë, der er Eriphyles unselige Halskette und Schleier gab. Das Land wurde unfruchtba…

(Δημόκριτος; Dēmókritos). [1] of Abdera Atomist philosopher, 2nd half of the 5th cent. BC [German version] A. Life and Writing D. was active in the 2nd half of the 5th cent. and one of the main representatives of ancient  Atomism, which he adopted from  Leucippus. Their respective contributions to the theory of the atom are difficult to differentiate. It is characteristic in this context that the ‘Great World Order’ (Μέγας διάκοσμος; Mégas diákosmos) listed in an index of D.'s writings (by Diog. Laert. 9,45 = 68A33 DK) was a treatise by Leucippus according to Theoph…

(Δημόκριτος). [1] von Abdera Philosoph, Atomist, 2. H. 5. Jh. v. Chr. [English version] A. Leben und Schriften D. wirkte in der 2. H. des 5. Jh. und war einer der Hauptvertreter des antiken Atomismus, den er von Leukippos übernommen hatte. Die jeweiligen Beiträge der beiden Philosophen zur Atomtheorie sind nur schwer auseinanderzuhalten. Bezeichnend ist in diesem Zusammenhang, daß die im Verzeichnis von D.' Schriften (bei Diog. Laert. 9,45 = 68A33 DK) aufgelistete ‘Große Weltordnung’ (Μέγας διάκοσμος) Theophrast …

(Μητρόδωρος/ Metródōros). [German version] [1] M. of Chios Democritan philosopher, 5th/4th cent. BC Democritan philosopher ( Democritus [1]) of the 5th-4th cent. BC who recognised Fullness and Emptiness, Being and Non-Being as the first principles. This orthodoxy, however, does not go beyond the fundamental theoretical views of Atomism: M. is said to have had his own views in other matters (70 A 3 DK). M. propounds the uncreatedness of the universe (τὸ πᾶν) in the Eleatic manner ( Eleatic School) because a c…

(Ζήνων/ Zḗnōn.) [German version] [1] Z. of Elea Eleatic philosopher, 5th cent. BC (Son of Teleutagoras). Eleatic philosopher of the 5th cent. BC; a pupil and intimate friend of Parmenides who became famous for his paradoxes. According to the Suda (29 A 2 DK), Z. wrote many books; but his Λόγοι ( Lógoi, 'Arguments', 40 according to Proclus, 29 A 15 DK) probably belonged to a single book, the one he read aloud to his closest circles in Athens (cf. Pl. Prm. 127c-d). In the lost dialogue Sophistes, Aristotle (Aristoteles [6]) declares Z. to have been the 'inventor' ( protos heuretes …

(Μητρόδωρος). [English version] [1] M. von Chios Demokriteer, 5./4. Jh. v. Chr. Demokriteer (Demokritos [1]) des 5./4. Jh.v.Chr., der das Volle und die Leere, das Seiende und das Nicht-Seiende als Prinzipien kennt. Diese Orthodoxie geht aber nicht zwangsläufig über die grundsätzlichen Lehrmeinungen des Atomismus hinaus: M. soll in anderen Dingen seine eigenen Ansichten gehabt haben (70 A 3 DK) M. propagiert in eleatischer Manier (eleatische Schule) die Ungeschaffenheit des Universums (τὸ πᾶν), weil ein ges…

(Διογένης; Diogénēs). Known personalities: the Cynic D. [14] of Sinope, the philosophical historian D. [17] Laertius. I. Politically active personalities [German version] [1] Macedonian troop commander in Attica since 233 BC Athenian (?) [1. 341,1], Macedonian troop commander in Attica since 233 BC, who is supposed to have demanded Corinth from the Achaeans (Plut. Arat. 34,1-4) [2. 168,63] at the rumour of the death of  Aratus [2]; after the death of  Demetrius [3] II in 229, he facilitated the liberation of Athens from Maced…

(Διογένης). Bekannte Persönlichkeiten: der Kyniker D. [14] von Sinope, der Philosophiehistoriker D. [17] Laertios. I. Politisch aktive Persönlichkeiten [English version] [1] makedon. Truppenkommandant in Attika seit 233 v. Chr. Athener (?) [1. 341,1], seit 233 v.Chr. maked. Truppenkommandant in Attika, soll beim Gerücht vom Tod des Aratos [2] von den Achaiern Korinth gefordert haben (Plut. Arat. 34,1-4) [2. 168,63]; ermöglichte nach dem Tod des Demetrios [3] II. im J. 229 mit der Preisgabe des Piraeus und anderer Garnisonen…