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, see M. Bencherifa, al-Bunnāhī lā al-Nubāhī , in Académia. Revue de l’Académie du Royaume du Maroc , xiii [1998], 71-89), Abu ’l-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh al-D̲j̲ud̲h̲amī, equally known as Ibn al-Ḥasan , Andalusī jurist, adīb and historian of the period of the Naṣrids [ q.v.], born at Malaga in 713/1313 and died, probably at Granada, after 798/1389-90. He was ḳāḍī al-d̲j̲amāʿa [ q.v.] during almost the whole reign of the Naṣrid sultan Muḥammad V. His name often appears linked with that of Lisān al-Dīn Ibn al-Ḵh̲aṭīb [ q.v.], with whom he had a relationship that passed from friendshi…

(a.), vizier or chief minister. I. In the Arab World 1. The ʿAbbāsids. Etymology The term wazīr occurs in the Ḳurʾān (XXV, 35: “We gave Moses the book and made his brother Aaron a wazīr with him”), where it has the sense of “helper”, a meaning well attested in early Islamic poetry (for examples, see Goitein, The origin of the vizierate, 170-1). Though several scholars have proposed Persian origins for the term and for the institution, there is no compelling reason to doubt the Arabic provenance of the term or an Arab-Islamic origin and evolution of the institution of the wazīr (cf. Goitein, op. ci…

(a.), in Islamic law, the act of founding a charitable trust, and, hence the trust itself. A synonym, used mainly by Mālikī jurists, is ḥabs , ḥubus or ḥubs (in French often rendered as habous ). The essential elements are that a person, with the intention of committing a pious deed, declares part of his or her property to be henceforth unalienable ( ḥabs, taḥbīs ) and designates persons or public utilities as beneficiaries of its yields ( al-taṣadduḳ bi ’l-manfaʿa , tasbīl al-manfaʿa ). The Imāmī S̲h̲īʿa distinguish between waḳf and ḥabs, the latter being a precarious type of waḳf in which th…

[English edition] الوقف في الشّريعة الإسلاميّة، هو العمل المتمثّل في تأسيس صندوق خيريّ، ويطلق الاسم بالتّبعيّة على المؤسّسة في حدّ ذاتها. ويستعمل فقهاء المالكيّة بشكل رئيسيَ مرادفا للوقف، هو حَبْس، وحُبُس أو حُبْس (وينقل باللغة الفرنسيّة في كثير من الأحيان ليصبح habous). وتتمثّل العناصر الأساسيّة في مفهوم الوقف في أنّ الشخص، ورغبة منه في فعل الخير، يُعلن أنّ جزءًا من ممتلكاته لا يُمكن التصرّف فيه فيُحَبَّس من ذلك الوقت فصاعدا ويعيّن الأشخاصَ على أنهم هم المنتفعون من عائداتها، أو يعيّن المرافقَ العامّة على أنّها هي المنتفعة منها (التصدّ…