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[German Version] I. New Testament – II. Church History – III. Theology I. New Testament 1. The term ἀντίχριστος appears in Christian literature only in 1 John 2:18, 22; 4:3; 2 John 7, and, dependent on these texts, Pol. Phil 7:1. There it refers to someone who turns against Christ and the confession of Christ, not – as would be linguistically possible – someone who seeks to take the place of Christ; in context, it refers to theological opponents collectively. …

[German Version] (May 13, 1804, Moscow – Oct 5, 1860, Ternovskoe, Kazanʾ), was a Slavophile philosopher of history and a lay theologian who exerted considerable influence on the Russian spiritual life of the 19th century through his conception of the unity of the church; the after-effects of his ideas in the Russian philosophy of religion also had an impact on the early ecumenical movement in the 20th century. After studying mathematics as well as natural sciences, philosophy, history, and theolog…

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[German Version] I. Religious Studies – II. Christianity – III. Judaism – IV. Buddhism – V. Islam I. Religious Studies 1. Overview. Mission is not a fundamentally universal phenomenon in the history of religions; neither is every form in which religion is passed on eo ipso mission. “Primary,” tribal religions are not missionary religions. Their domain is coterminous with …

[German Version] I. Natural Sciences…

[German Version] (Mar 22, 1806, Moscow – Jun 11, 1856, St. Petersburg), literary critic, journalist, and philosopher, and together with A. Khomyakov the founder of the Russian Slavophiles. He was also a European thinker who wished to overcome the tensions between Russia and Europe as well as the antagonism between reason and faith in Western and Eastern Europe by reclaiming and spreading the synthesis of the Greek church fathers. After studying literature and philosophy in Moscow and under G. Hegel, F.D.E. Schleiermacher, and F. Schelling in 1831, he founded the journal Evropeec in or…

[German Version] (Jul 4/17, 1881, Proskurov [today Khmelnytskyi], Ukraine – Aug 5, 1962, Paris), Orthodox philosopher, theologian, psychologist, and journalist. Appointed professor of psychology at the University of Kiev, upon emigrating in 1920 he became professor of philosophy in Belgrade; after 1926 he taught at the Russian Orthodox Institut St. Serge in Paris. His history …