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[German version] (τέμενος/ témenos (plural teménē), 'the separated', from Greek τέμνειν/ témnein, 'cut, divide off'). In Mycenaean [1] and Homeric linguistic use, a high quality piece of land granted to a ruler or noble [2; 3]. However, in Homeric epic, deities are also encountered as the owners of a temenos, which could contain an altar (Hom. Il. 8,48; 23,148; Hom. Od. 8,363) and thus was a cultic site. In the subsequent period, the term became restricted to the area of the sacred, but retained both aspects. Thus, in accordance with the original meaning, temenos can describe estates wh…

(Τελεσφόρος, 'he/she who fulfills, accomplishes'). [German version] [1] God of healing in the form of a boy God of healing in the form of a boy and characteristic dress (capuchin: [2]), whose origin is unclear and whose worship from the 2nd cent. BC until the 1st cent. AD is recorded only by terracottas from various regions of the Greek world. T. is first mentioned by name in a Pergamene votive inscription from  98-102 AD [3. 135 no. 125]. Paus. 2,11,7 gives an account of his cult in Pergamum based on an oracle.…

[German version] Epithet of Gaia Makaira in Thebes [2] ([1. 363 no. 3]; SEG 46,535). Zimmermann, Klaus (Jena)

[German version] When feminine singular (Σωτηρία/ Sōtēría), a personification of (physical) well-being, whose cult in the Peloponnese is documented (IG IV 1319; Paus. 7,21,7; 7,24,3) [1]. More often neuter plural (Σωτήρια/ Sōtḗria): thanks offerings (Xen. An. 3,2,9), from the early Hellenistic period onwards festivities to mark the occasion of an event celebrated as a 'deliverance', initially once only (OGIS 4: the Nesiotai for Thersippus; Syll.3 391: the Delians for Philocles), later as an historical day of commemoration [2. 151], as a rule recurring annual…

[German version] (Σωτήρ/ Sōtḗr), less often Σαώτης/ Saṓtēs [1], feminine Σώτειρα/ Sṓteira: 'saviour'. From the Homeric hymns (Hom. H. 22,5; 33,6) onwards the epithet of very diverse Greek deities in the role of helper in time of need (esp. Zeus, Artemis, Asclepius, Dioscuri, also anonymously: theoí Sōtḗres/ theós Sōtḗr) [2], also an epithet for humans based on crucial actions (of help) (e.g. Aesch. Supp. 980-982; Aesch. Cho. 264; Hdt. 7,139; Thuc. 5,11,1; Dem. Or. 18,43; Diod. Sic. 11,26,6). Its applicability to gods and mortals predestined …

[German version] (Λίβυες; Líbyes, Λιβύη; Libýē, Latin Libya). However liberally the Greeks treated the term Libýē in the course of the centuries [1], they were just as unconcerned in their use of the corresponding ethnicon as well. Indeed this is - in contrast to the toponym - not yet attested in the Homeric epics but the Greeks were familiar with the name as a description for their indigenous neighbours at the latest from the settlement of ‘Libya’ by colonists ( Colonization) from Thera in the 7th cent. BC (S…

[German version] (θεολόγος/ theológos, Latin theologus). Author of writings on the nature, activity and genealogy of gods. The earliest examples were considered to be Orpheus, Musaeus [1], Homer and Hesiod (Aristot. Metaph. 2,4,1000a). From Aristotle (Metaph. 13,4,1091a) through Cicero (Nat. D. 3,54) and Plutarch [2] (De Is. et Os. 25,360d) to Eusebius (Praep. ev. 5,14,3), the term describes philosophers who are engaged in studying the divine ( theología or theologikḗ). No later than the time of Plutarch (De def. or. 15,417f.) there was an official position in Delphi for a theologos,…

[German version] (Λιβυάρχης; Libyárchēs). Title of the Ptolemaic governor of Cyrenaica, supplemented in inscriptions for PP VI 15064 (240/221 BC), PP VI 15776 (217/204), PP VI 15771 (under Ptolemy IV). Around 203/202 Polybius (15,25,12) shows a knowledge of the libyárchēs tôn katà Kyrḗnēn tópōn (‘for the areas near Cyrene’; PP VI 15082), which certainly does not mean the supervision of the Chora, but of the country with the cities. In the 2nd cent. the libyárchēs is replaced by a stratēgós. - The libyárchai mentioned in PRevenue Laws, c. 37, 5 are part of the financial administrat…