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Language

(7,082 words)

Author(s): Maier, Bernhard | Hennigfeld, Jochem | Tietz, Christiane | Schroeter-Wittke, Harald | Sørensen, Jørgen Skov | Et al.
[German Version] I. Linguistics and Religious Studies – II. Philosophy – III. Philosophy of Religion – IV. Fundamental Theology – V. Ethics – VI. Practical Theology – VII. Missiology – VIII. Liturgics I. Linguistics and Religious Studies 1. Linguistics As studied by linguistics (Philology), language is an inventory of audible signs combined ¶ according to specific rules to facilitate interpersonal communication. There is a general distinction between language as a transindividual system of signs ( langue) and its actualization by an individual speaker ( parole). Within the field, a distinction is usually made between general linguistics, which studies the premises of speech and develops a typology of language through analysis of the structural differences between various languages, and comparative (or historical) linguistics, which studies the history of related language families, especially the Indo-European languages. Additional specialized fields of study within linguistics characteristically overlap with other disciplines in the social sciences, as is generally clear from their names. The psychology of language, for example, studies the in…

Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph

(1,671 words)

Author(s): Hennigfeld, Jochem
[German Version] (Jan 27, 1775, Leonberg – Aug20, 1854, Bad Ragaz). I. Life